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Jean Ferdinand CHAIGNEAU 1
Bergère et son troupeau crépuscule, plaine de Barbizon

About the Item

Jean-Ferdinand Chaigneau was born in the shipping center of Bordeaux on March 6th, 1830. There he studied drawing under the academic painter Jean-Paul Alaux (1788-1858). In 1847, he moved to Paris to continue his studies with his uncle, a marine painter. In 1848, he submitted a landscape painting, "Souvenir des Environ de Bordeaux," to the non-juried Salon (the Revolution of 1848 had suspended the normal Salon restrictions). In 1849, Chaigneau entered the prestigious Ecole des Beaux-Arts, encouraged by Jacques Raymond Brascassat (1804- 1867), a family friend and successful animal painter. There he studied under Francois Edouard Picot (1798-1860) and Jacques Brascassat. It was from his studies with Bracassat that fueled his desire to paint landscapes and animals. For many years most of Chaigneau’s art was in the academic tradition. But in 1854 he was awarded an artistic stipend from his hometown of Bordeaux and in that same year, as a result of his failure at the Concours de Rome (winning only a third place medal), he began to turn away from his academic training. In 1858 he moved to the village of Barbizon where he came in contact with Jean Francois Millet (1814- 1875), Theodore Rousseau (1812- 1867), Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (1796- 1875), Jules Dupre (1811-1889), Charles-Francois Daubigny (1817- 1878) and Charles-Emile Jacque and other artists then living and working in Barbizon. They had all established the Barbizon school of landscape art as a viable alternative to the Academy. Chaigneau's work, as the others, was rooted in nature. His landscape subjects included scenes from Bordelais, Landes, Limousin and Normandy in addition to scenes from the Fontainebleau Forest. His shepherding and harvesting subjects have strong echoes of Millet, Rousseau and Jacque, his closest colleagues among the older generation of Barbizon artists.

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Louis Aston Knight, was the son of the American expatriate artist, Daniel Ridgway Knight. Born in Paris in 1873, Louis, unlike his father, had the privilege to be brought up in a home where he was surrounded by art and music. Raised and educated in Europe, Louis attended the Chigwell School in England for his Liberal Arts Education and began his artistic training, under the guidance of his father. Later he studied formally with the great French Romantic painters, Robert-Fleury and Jules Lefebvre. In 1894 Aston Knight debuted at the Paris Salon, starting a highly acclaimed career. Among his many awards, he won a Bronze medal at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900, an honorable mention at the Paris Salon in 1901, a gold medal in Lyon in 1903, a gold medal in Geneva and in Nantes in 1904 and Gold medals at the Paris Salon in both 1905 and 1906, earning him the title Hors concours as the first American to win two gold medals at the Salon in two consecutive years. Knight, was also made a Knight of the Legion of Honor in 1924 becoming an Officer in 1928 and eventually a Commander in 1934. Louis Aston Knight is most famous for his French landscapes executed in and around his home in Beaumont-le-Roger. Aston looked up to Claude Monet, and visited him from time to time at his home in Giverny. He was particularly impressed with Monet's gardens, and strove to cultivate a garden as beautiful as the master's. Knight also awarded prizes each year to the neighboring peasants who kept the nicest gardens. This ensured him of good models for his cottage landscape paintings. Gradually Aston Knight became well known in the New York art scene and traveled to the United States many times – painting scenes in New York, Florida and California. In 1911, Knoedler and Co. held an exhibition of his landscapes of the U.S.A. and France. His exhibition at the Levy Gallery in New York, in 1931 attracted much attention. In fact, "Art News" critiqued the show (26 December issue) and described his fame and plein-air approach: A group of new landscapes by Aston Knight, the popular painter of the Normandy Riverscape, is the Holiday attraction at the Levy Gallery. Mr. Knight sticks closely to his well established formula, doubtless due to the tremendous acclaim acquired in his earlier years when Hopkinson Smith...
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