Pierre-Auguste Renoir

L'Enfant au Biscuit

1951

An early 20th-century master, Pierre-Auguste Renoir created thousands of figurative prints and paintings and is credited as one of the founders of the Impressionist movement. His frequently reproduced works are appreciated for their luminous appearance, rich colors and soft, feathered brushstrokes.

Renoir was born in Limoges, France, in 1841. He began painting as a child while working in a porcelain factory, which led to a formal study of art in Paris under Charles Gleyre. In the early 1860s, he often visited the Louvre to study French master painters, and he became friends with Claude Monet and Alfred Sisley, both leading Impressionists.

Renoir first exhibited his paintings in 1864, but he did not rise to prominence until his first exhibition with the Impressionists in 1874. In 1877, Renoir stopped exhibiting with the Impressionists and embarked on a series of travels. In 1881, he went to Algeria and Spain, meeting the artists Eugène Delacroix and Diego Velázquez. He continued to Rome, Sicily, Algeria and Guernsey, where he created 15 paintings in one month in the summer of 1883.

In 1890, Renoir married Aline Victorine Charigot, a portrait model and muse for many of his works. They had three sons, and in 1907, Renoir moved his family to the village of Cagnes-sur-Mer, near the Mediterranean. By this time, he had developed arthritis in his hands, and he had a stroke in 1912, after which he used a wheelchair. Renoir continued to paint for the rest of his life, even strapping a brush to his paralyzed fingers.

Shortly before his death in 1919, Renoir visited the Louvre to see his paintings now hanging next to the artistic icons that he used to study and admire. He returned to his home village and died in December of that year.

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