Giverny Landscape, Karl Albert Buehr, c. 1912, American Impressionism, Expatriot
Located in Fairlawn, OH
Karl Albert Beuhr (1866-1952) Giverny Landscape Oil on relined canvas, c. 1912 Signed lower right: K A Buehr Condition: Canvas relined for support Image size: 13 1/4 x 15 3/8 inches Frame size: 19 5/8 x 21 7/8 inches Provenance: Gift of the artist to his wife, Mary Hess Beuhr The artist's niece, daughter of Will Hess Buehr David Saltzman Robert Henry Adams Thomas French Fine Art Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Horner, Canton, Ohio Exhibited: Canton Museum of Art, Impressionism: An American View, 1983, label on verso Karl Albert Buehr at Robert Henry Adams Fine Art, Chicago Exhibition dates The exhibition was held in 1994 at Robert Henry Adams Fine Art, 715 North Franklin Street, Chicago. Surviving provenance records describe it as the gallery’s first exhibition at its North Franklin Street location. Works documented as included include Woman on a Patio, Rocky Inlet (France), and apparently other paintings and studies acquired through David Saltzman from the family of Buehr’s wife, Mary Hess Buehr. The 1994 Karl Albert Buehr exhibition at Robert Henry Adams Fine Art represented an important act of historical recovery. Although Buehr enjoyed considerable recognition during his lifetime—as an exhibiting painter, prizewinner, and influential teacher at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago—his reputation had become less visible in the decades following his death. By bringing together paintings and works on paper that had descended through the artist’s family, the Adams exhibition helped restore Buehr to his proper position among the leading exponents of American Impressionism and the most important Chicago-trained painters working in France before the First World War. Giverny was crucial to Buehr’s mature development. American painters had been drawn to the Norman village since the late 1880s, attracted both by Monet’s presence and by the region’s gardens, river valleys, cultivated fields, and distinctive northern light. Buehr did not simply imitate Monet. His figure compositions remained grounded in the academic training he received in Chicago and Paris, but he enlivened that structure with broken brushwork, heightened complementary color, and an increasingly luminous palette. His characteristic compositions place elegantly dressed young women on terraces, beside windows, or within flowering gardens. These figures are neither conventional society portraits nor anonymous decorative accessories. They occupy a carefully balanced space between individual presence and pictorial harmony. Faces and gestures are often quietly observed, while dresses, parasols, flowers, foliage, and shifting sunlight become vehicles for color. Lavender shadows, rose and coral fabrics, emerald foliage, and brilliant passages of yellow or blue transform the garden into a chromatic environment surrounding the sitter. Works associated with the Adams exhibition illuminate the breadth of Buehr’s French production. The pastel Woman on a Patio, circa 1915, demonstrates his ability to translate Impressionist color into the immediacy of a dry medium. Pastel allowed him to place one hue directly beside another without losing intensity. The resulting surface possesses a soft atmospheric unity while retaining the energy of individual strokes. The work’s history—gifted by Buehr to Mary Hess Buehr and subsequently descending through her family—also gives it a particularly intimate character. Rocky Inlet (France) presents another aspect of Buehr’s practice. In place of the cultivated garden and poised female figure, the artist confronts a rugged coastal landscape. Yet his essential concern remains light acting upon color. Rock, water, and vegetation are constructed through abbreviated touches rather than continuous modeling. The small scale suggests direct observation, possibly an outdoor study made during Buehr’s travels in Normandy. Its provenance likewise begins with Mary Hess Buehr and passes through the family before reaching David Saltzman and Robert Henry Adams Fine Art. This family provenance was central to the significance of the 1994 exhibition. The works had not merely circulated anonymously through the market; many retained a direct association with the artist’s household. Such a group could include informal studies, experimental compositions, and personal gifts that Buehr elected to keep rather than send to public exhibitions. Together they offered a more private and exploratory view of his career. Karl Albert Buehr (1866–1952): France and the Giverny Years Karl Albert Buehr—whose surname is sometimes misspelled “Beuhr”—was a German-born American painter and influential teacher associated with the second generation of American Impressionists working at Giverny. Although his artistic identity was rooted in Chicago, the years he spent in France transformed his palette, subject matter, and approach to painting. Born on February 14, 1866, in Feuerbach, near Stuttgart, Buehr immigrated with his family to Chicago, probably in 1881. After working briefly for a commercial lithographer, he enrolled at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1888. He studied with John H. Vanderpoel and graduated with honors in 1894, after which the school invited him to teach. He also served in the Illinois cavalry during the Spanish-American War and married Mary Guion Hess, one of his students and an accomplished artist in her own right. Early study in Europe Buehr’s European education unfolded in several stages. Around 1900 he settled in Paris and studied at the Académie Julian, principally under the French painter Raphaël Collin. Collin was known for idealized female figures placed in luminous outdoor settings, a combination of academic draftsmanship and Impressionist light that anticipated Buehr’s mature work. Buehr reportedly received a gold medal at the Académie in 1901. His early European paintings included portraits, landscapes, and scenes of rural labor. Visits to Holland exposed him to the restrained tonalism of the Hague School, while his travels in Italy—particularly Taormina, Sicily, during 1906 and 1907—encouraged a brighter response to Mediterranean sunlight. He also studied in London, where his contacts with Frank Brangwyn and the decorative currents of British painting strengthened his interest in broad design, rhythmic composition, and large arrangements of figures. A decisive factor in this extended European residence was the patronage of Chicago philanthropist Lydia Coonley Ward. From approximately 1906 until 1913, Ward provided Buehr with a monthly stipend, enabling the artist, his wife, and their children to remain abroad and pursue their work without the immediate pressures of the American market. Buehr at Giverny Buehr entered the Anglo-American artistic community at Giverny around 1909, probably through his friendship with Henry Salem Hubbell, another American figure painter supported by Lydia Coonley Ward. From approximately 1909 through 1912, Buehr generally spent winters in Paris and the warmer months at Giverny. In 1912 and the summer of 1913, the family reportedly lived at Sainte-Geneviève-lès-Gasny, close to Giverny. By this date Giverny was no longer merely the village in which Claude Monet lived. It had become an international artists’ colony, particularly attractive to American painters who admired Impressionist color but wished to retain firm drawing and carefully organized figure compositions. Buehr’s associates included Frederick Carl Frieseke, Richard Edward Miller, Guy Rose, Lawton Parker, Louis Ritman, Edmund Greacen, Karl Anderson, and Theodore Earl Butler. Buehr was especially close to the circle of Frieseke and Miller. These artists specialized in decorative paintings of fashionably dressed women reading, sewing, taking tea, or resting in sunlit gardens. Their figures were surrounded by flowers, patterned fabrics, parasols, and flickering passages of colored light. Buehr adopted this repertoire, but his paintings usually retained a stronger structural organization and a more assertive contrast between complementary colors. During his first months at Giverny, Buehr worked on a large decorative panel of dancing figures. The composition received an honorable mention at the Paris Salon of 1910, an important professional recognition. That summer, however, he increasingly turned toward intimate garden scenes and outdoor figure studies. The influence of Richard Miller can be detected in the decorative arrangement of the figures, while Frieseke’s example encouraged Buehr s use of brilliant sunlight, patterned surfaces, and saturated hues. Relationship with Claude Monet Claude Monet was Buehr’s artistic hero, but the extent of their personal relationship should not be overstated. Buehr’s children played with the children of Theodore Butler, Monet’s son-in-law, and they visited the Monet household. Buehr’s daughter Kathleen later recalled that Monet was gracious to the children. Nevertheless, the best available scholarship suggests that no close personal association between Buehr and Monet has been documented. Monet’s importance to Buehr was therefore primarily artistic. At Giverny, Buehr learned to regard colored light as a central subject rather than merely a means of describing objects. Shadows became violet, blue, or green; white dresses reflected the surrounding garden; and faces and arms were modeled through small strokes of warm and cool color. The enclosed garden also became a kind of outdoor studio in which human figures, flowers, fabrics, and sunlight could be orchestrated into a unified decorative design. The Giverny style Buehr became best known for paintings of young women seated or standing in gardens, often accompanied by colorful parasols. Works such as Springtime in Giverny, Under the Parasol, and related pictures of women reading or conversing exemplify his mature style. Although inspired by French Impressionism, these paintings are not spontaneous transcriptions of fleeting visual experience in the strict Monet tradition. They are carefully staged figure compositions. Buehr himself explained that the outdoor figure painter should concentrate upon the ensemble—grouping, arrangement, and color—rather than laboriously describing every feature. This principle helps distinguish his Giverny paintings...
1910s American Impressionist Art
Oil
