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Marcel Duchamp

French, 1887-1968

Marcel Duchamp was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. His output influenced the development of post-World War I Western art. Duchamp advised modern art collectors such as Peggy Guggenheim and other prominent figures, thereby helping to shape the tastes of Western art during this period.

A playful man, Duchamp challenged conventional thought about artistic processes and art marketing, not so much by writing but through subversive actions such as dubbing a urinal "art" and naming it Fountain. He produced relatively few artworks, while moving quickly through the avant-garde circles of his time.

“All in all, the creative act is not performed by the artist alone; the spectator brings the work in contact with the external world by deciphering and interpreting its inner qualifications and thus adds his contribution to the creative act,” said Duchamp.

Born on July 28, 1887, in Blainville, brother of the artist Raymond Duchamp-Villon and the painter Jacques Villon, Duchamp began to paint in 1908. After producing several canvases in the current mode of Fauvism, he turned toward experimentation and the avant-garde, producing his most famous work, Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2) in 1912. Portraying continuous movement through a chain of overlapping Cubistic figures, the painting caused a furor at New York City's famous “Armory Show” in 1913.

Duchamp painted very little after 1915, although he continued until 1923 to work on his masterpiece, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even, an abstract work, also known as The Large Glass — composed in oil and wire on glass — that was enthusiastically received by the Surrealists.

In sculpture, Duchamp pioneered two of the main innovations of the 20th-century kinetic art and ready-made art. His "ready-mades" consisted simply of everyday objects, such as a urinal and a bottle rack. His Bicycle Wheel, an early example of kinetic art, was mounted on a kitchen stool.

After his short creative period, Duchamp was content to let others develop the themes he had originated; his pervasive influence was crucial to the development of Surrealism, Dada and Pop art.

Duchamp became an American citizen in 1955. He died in Paris on October 1, 1968.

Find a collection of authentic Marcel Duchamp prints, photography and other art on 1stDibs.

(Biography provided by David Barnett Gallery)

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Creator: Marcel Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp Thonet Readymade "Porte Chapeau"
Marcel Duchamp Thonet Readymade "Porte Chapeau"

Marcel Duchamp Thonet Readymade "Porte Chapeau"

By Marcel Duchamp

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Thonet manufactured this object (11022) around the turn of the century and was illustrated in their 1904 catalog (see photo). In 1917 Duchamp hung one from the ceiling of his New Yor...

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Early 20th Century French Modern Marcel Duchamp

Materials

Wood

Marcel Duchamp Signed Lithograph 1963 Armory Exhibition Abstract Art Mid Century
Marcel Duchamp Signed Lithograph 1963 Armory Exhibition Abstract Art Mid Century

Marcel Duchamp Signed Lithograph 1963 Armory Exhibition Abstract Art Mid Century

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Marcel Duchamp Signed Offset Lithograph, circa 1963. It is signed, dated, and numbered to lower right ‘Marcel Duchamp 1963 76/200’. This work is number 76 from the edition of 200 cr...

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1960s American Mid-Century Modern Vintage Marcel Duchamp

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Le Macchine Celibi/The Bachelor Machines
Le Macchine Celibi/The Bachelor Machines

Le Macchine Celibi/The Bachelor Machines

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First American edition of this substantial bilingual catalog/academic text devoted to Harald Szeemann’s landmark investigation of the “bachelor machine”—the self-contained, frequentl...

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1970s American Kinetic Vintage Marcel Duchamp

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Marcel Duchamp Signed Lithograph 51" x 34" 1963 Armory Abstract Art Mid Century
Marcel Duchamp Signed Lithograph 51" x 34" 1963 Armory Abstract Art Mid Century

Marcel Duchamp Signed Lithograph 51" x 34" 1963 Armory Abstract Art Mid Century

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Marcel Duchamp Signed Offset Lithograph, circa 1963. It is signed, dated, and numbered to lower right ‘Marcel Duchamp 1963 /200’. This work is number from the edition of 200 created...

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1960s American Mid-Century Modern Vintage Marcel Duchamp

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Glass, Wood, Paper

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Marcel Duchamp furniture for sale on 1stDibs.

Marcel Duchamp furniture are available for sale on 1stDibs. These distinctive items are frequently made of paper and are designed with extraordinary care. There are many options to choose from in our collection of Marcel Duchamp furniture, although orange editions of this piece are particularly popular. Many of the original furniture by Marcel Duchamp were created in the mid-century modern style in europe during the 20th century. If you’re looking for additional options, many customers also consider furniture by Bernard Buffet, Marc Chagall, and René Gruau. Prices for Marcel Duchamp furniture can differ depending upon size, time period and other attributes — on 1stDibs, these items begin at $1,232 and can go as high as $25,086, while a piece like these, on average, fetch $3,345.

Questions About Marcel Duchamp

  • 1stDibs ExpertOctober 15, 2024
    The answer to whether Marcel Duchamp was a Surrealist artist is complicated. During his lifetime, the French artist resisted being labeled as a member of any art movement. Despite this, he is often associated with both the Dadaist and Surrealist movements. A provocative artist, Duchamp challenged conventional thought about artistic creation through subversive actions such as dubbing a urinal "art" and naming it Fountain. His influence was crucial to the development of Surrealism, Dada and Pop art. On 1stDibs, explore a range of Marcel Duchamp art.
  • 1stDibs ExpertJanuary 19, 2025
    Marcel Duchamp's famous sculpture of Dadaism is widely considered to be Fountain. Its name was a playful subversion that shocked viewers when it was exhibited in 1917. The reason for the surprise? Duchamp's so-called “fountain” was actually a urinal. Although the original piece was either lost or destroyed, several museums have authorized reproductions of the work in their collections. Among them are the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco, California; the Tate Modern in London, UK, and the Moderna Museet in Stockholm, Sweden. Explore an assortment of Marcel Duchamp art on 1stDibs.