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James JohnsonM-62, Mid-Century Abstract Expressionist Painting, 20th Century New York Artistc. 1950s
c. 1950s
About the Item
James Johnson (American, 1925-1963)
M-62, c. 1950s
Oil on canvas
46 x 46 inches
In the late 1950s, Johnson moved with his wife Marjorie and their new born son from Berkeley California to Painseville, Ohio. There, Johnson threw himself completely into Abstract Expressionism creating works that evolved directly from his earlier still-life paintings and his emotional struggle with his past. Born in 1925, his father abandoned his family when Johnson was around the age of five. He continued to have a distant and tumultuous relationship with his mother and stepfather who showed preference to his stepbrother. Johnson lied about his age in order to join the Navy and leave behind a fractured family life. At seventeen he found himself on a mine sweeper in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II. His ship had a close call after hitting a mine, however it did not detonate and the crew passed safely. The experience left an impact on him that he would continue to contemplate
throughout his life.
After the war, Johnson returned to New York City in 1949 and enrolled at the Art Students League where he studied under Reginald Marsh. While Marsh instilled a sense of Social realism into Johnson’s work, his studio was located next to that of Jackson Pollock. Soon, Johnson enrolled at the University of Illinois where he met Richard Diebenkorn. The influence Diebenkorn had on Johnson’s ideas and paintings was profound. He soon began to abstract his still life arrangements in multiple works that each became more abstract and reductive.
However, Johnson grew frustrated with his professors and their particular views on art. He left the program and moved with Marjorie to Berkeley, California in 1953. Diebenkorn would stop by during visits to the area and continue to discuss the development of Abstract Expressionist concepts. Johnson continued to work in a realist style but further explored abstraction in oils. Francis Carmody noted in an interview that there appeared to be an aspect of violence in the work. Johnson acknowledged the observation,“What I may be destroying at this particular time is something that is much more of myself than the thing that I leave is of Braque or Matisse or Picasso, but these great men exist and it’s my problem to overcome whatever influence they have in a destructive and creative manner.” Through hastily drawn lines that alluded to this sense of violence, Johnson would feel both the work and himself calm to a point in which the completed painting expressed a sense of serenity.
Johnson was well read on art theory, and particularly the writings of Hans Hoffman. He interpreted and adapted what he had read into the work he created by placing quickly executed multi-layered calligraphic structures of paint in red, blue, yellow, and olive with thick textured coats of black and grey. The complex layers of paint were covered over and reduced with the use of black paint in a similar way in which he removed objects in his still life paintings. Johnson makes use of sgraffito, scratching into the paint surface, as well as splattering paint in drips of motion finding in the experience of painting a relationship between the surface and an inner mental landscape. He spoke of his method that,“painting is an organic process which feeds on plastic memories and the excitement of an adventurous accident solidified in the final state of decision.”
After the move to Nor theast Ohio, Johnson found that proximity of Painesville to Cleveland gave him access to a variety of galleries. He soon made connections with Howard Wise, owner of the Howard Wise Gallery of Present Day Art. Unlike many other local artists, Johnson was already working fully in the style having come out of the New York School, and then being surrounded by the San Francisco Bay area Abstract Expressionists. This gave Johnson the advantage of authenticity and a sense of belonging to the movement that other artists often struggled with. Impressed by Johnson’s new paintings, Wise decided gave him a one-man show of grey monotone compositions in 1959. The Cleveland Plain Dealer art critic Paul B. Metzler wrote that the work “recalled some of the greatest Chinese pictorials,” and that they reflected the influences of de Kooning, Franz Kline, and Clyford Still.
Johnson’s reputation as a painter grew in Northeast Ohio, and soon the artist’s abstractions became looser and more vibrant with the limited palette consisting of large sections in black, white, and red. However, an unrest stirred within him. In 1962, he abruptly left his wife and children to return to New York City. After the move, Johnson increasingly became less involved with his work. He began to feel less satisfaction in painting, and his output slowed as he started thinking and talking about his children and his own father’s abandonment more often. He started working on paintings that were void of all color. Large black masses crowded out the white of the canvas barely able to peek through. Collectors of his work from Painesville traveled to New York for a studio visit, but did not respond to the new pieces. Shortly after, Johnson ceased painting altogether.
In November of 1963, Johnson began to work on new paintings that were smaller and alluded to a continuous movement off the edges of the canvas. On the brink of an artistic breakthrough, Johnson’s life was cut short on December 9th at the age of 37 in a tragic accident while riding his motorcycle — not even a full month after actualizing the new work.
- Creator:James Johnson (1925 - 1963, American)
- Creation Year:c. 1950s
- Dimensions:Height: 46 in (116.84 cm)Width: 46 in (116.84 cm)
- Medium:
- Movement & Style:
- Period:
- Condition:
- Gallery Location:Beachwood, OH
- Reference Number:1stDibs: LU1768215492292
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Very little in Richard Andres’ childhood would have predicted his love of classical music, mid-century-modern architecture and certainly not his lifelong passion for art and in particular abstract art. Richard’s father, Raymond, had no more than a third-grade education, and his mother, Clara, was one of thirteen children – only three of whom lived into adulthood and none of whom attended high school.
They lived, when Richard was a boy, in a dingy area of Buffalo, NY in a walk-up apartment situated above a tavern. Raymond and Clara supplemented the income from their factory jobs in the bar downstairs with Raymond playing ragtime on the piano and Clara serving drinks. This often left Richard and his two older brothers at home alone to fend for themselves. The two older boys, Raymond and Russell, were - unlike Richard- rather rough and tumble and entertained themselves with stickball, boxing and the like. Richard, on the other hand, from a very young age liked to draw, or better yet even, to paint with the small set of watercolors he received for Christmas one year. Paper, however, at the height of the depression, was hard to come by. Luckily, Clara used paper doilies as decoration for the apartment and Richard would contentedly paint and then cut up doilies, gluing the pieces together to create collages.
At eight-years-old, he discovered the Albright-Knox Museum (then known as the Albright Art Gallery) and spent several hours a week there studying the paintings. He was particularly fond of Charles Burchfield‘s landscapes, enamored with their ‘messiness’ and thinking that they somehow captured more ‘feeling’ than works he was previously familiar with. For his tenth Christmas, he asked for and received a ‘how-to’ paint book by Elliot O’Hare. Through this self-teaching, he assembled the portfolio needed for acceptance to Buffalo Technical High School where he studied Advertising Arts. In his Junior year, he was encouraged to enter a watercolor painting, “Two Barns,” in the national 1944-45 Ingersoll Art Award Contest and was one of twelve grand prize winners – each one winning one hundred dollars. More importantly the painting was exhibited at the Carnegie Institute Galleries, which resulted in his winning a national scholarship to the Cleveland School of Art (The Cleveland Art Institute).
He flourished at the art school under the tutelage of faculty members such as Carl Gaertner, as well as that of visiting artists such as William Sommer and Henry George Keller. He would say in later years that Gaertner, in particular, influenced his attitude toward life as well as art. “Gaertner,” Andres said, “believed that there was no need to be a ‘tortured artist’, that an artist should rather enjoy beauty, family, and life in general.” Free to spend his days as he chose, he wandered the Cleveland Art Museum for most of the hours he was not attending classes or painting; the remaining time was spent drinking coffee at a local hangout with art school friends – which is where he met fellow Henry Keller scholarship winner, Avis Johnson. Richard was immediately smitten with Avis, but being rather shy, it took him the entire summer of 1948 to build up his courage to ask her out. Over that summer he ‘thought about Avis’ and worked in a diner to save money. He also used the hundred-dollar prize money won in High School to visit the first Max Beckmann retrospective in the United States at the City Art Museum in St. Louis. Over a half century later he spoke of that exhibit with a reverence usually reserved for spiritual matters, “I walked in and it was like nothing I had ever seen before... the color...It just glowed.”
Returning to campus in the Fall, the first thing he did was go to the coffee shop in hopes of finding Avis. He did, and she, upon seeing him, realized that she was also smitten with him. They quickly became known as ‘the couple’ on campus, and a year later, with Richard being drafted for the Korean war, they were quickly married by a Justice of the Peace, celebrating after with family at Avis’s Cleveland home. As a gift, faculty member John Paul Miller designed and made the simple gold wedding ring Avis wore for their 65 years of marriage. During those 65 years neither wavered in their mutual love, nor in the respect they shared for one another’s art.
The couple lived in a converted chicken coop in Missouri while Richard was in boot camp. At the camp, he would volunteer for any job offered and one of those jobs ended up being painting road signs. His commander noticed how quickly and neatly he worked and gave him more painting work to do - eventually recommending him for a position painting murals for Army offices in Panama. Until her dying day, Avis remained angry that “The army got to keep those fabulous murals and they probably didn’t even know how wonderful they were.” In Panama, their first son, Mark, was born. After Richard’s discharge in 1953, they moved back to the Cleveland area and used the GI bill to attend Kent State gaining his BA in education. The small family then moved briefly to Buffalo, where Richard taught at the Albright Art School and the University of Buffalo – and their second son, Peter, was born. Richard had exhibited work in the Cleveland May Show and the Butler Art Museum during his art school years, and during the years in Buffalo, his work was exhibited at the gallery he had so loved as a child, the Albright Art Gallery.
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They lived, when Richard was a boy, in a dingy area of Buffalo, NY in a walk-up apartment situated above a tavern. Raymond and Clara supplemented the income from their factory jobs in the bar downstairs with Raymond playing ragtime on the piano and Clara serving drinks. This often left Richard and his two older brothers at home alone to fend for themselves. The two older boys, Raymond and Russell, were - unlike Richard- rather rough and tumble and entertained themselves with stickball, boxing and the like. Richard, on the other hand, from a very young age liked to draw, or better yet even, to paint with the small set of watercolors he received for Christmas one year. Paper, however, at the height of the depression, was hard to come by. Luckily, Clara used paper doilies as decoration for the apartment and Richard would contentedly paint and then cut up doilies, gluing the pieces together to create collages.
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Very little in Richard Andres’ childhood would have predicted his love of classical music, mid-century-modern architecture and certainly not his lifelong passion for art and in particular abstract art. Richard’s father, Raymond, had no more than a third-grade education, and his mother, Clara, was one of thirteen children – only three of whom lived into adulthood and none of whom attended high school.
They lived, when Richard was a boy, in a dingy area of Buffalo, NY in a walk-up apartment situated above a tavern. Raymond and Clara supplemented the income from their factory jobs in the bar downstairs with Raymond playing ragtime on the piano and Clara serving drinks. This often left Richard and his two older brothers at home alone to fend for themselves. The two older boys, Raymond and Russell, were - unlike Richard- rather rough and tumble and entertained themselves with stickball, boxing and the like. Richard, on the other hand, from a very young age liked to draw, or better yet even, to paint with the small set of watercolors he received for Christmas one year. Paper, however, at the height of the depression, was hard to come by. Luckily, Clara used paper doilies as decoration for the apartment and Richard would contentedly paint and then cut up doilies, gluing the pieces together to create collages.
At eight-years-old, he discovered the Albright-Knox Museum (then known as the Albright Art Gallery) and spent several hours a week there studying the paintings. He was particularly fond of Charles Burchfield‘s landscapes, enamored with their ‘messiness’ and thinking that they somehow captured more ‘feeling’ than works he was previously familiar with. For his tenth Christmas, he asked for and received a ‘how-to’ paint book by Elliot O’Hare. Through this self-teaching, he assembled the portfolio needed for acceptance to Buffalo Technical High School where he studied Advertising Arts. In his Junior year, he was encouraged to enter a watercolor painting, “Two Barns,” in the national 1944-45 Ingersoll Art Award Contest and was one of twelve grand prize winners – each one winning one hundred dollars. More importantly the painting was exhibited at the Carnegie Institute Galleries, which resulted in his winning a national scholarship to the Cleveland School of Art (The Cleveland Art Institute).
He flourished at the art school under the tutelage of faculty members such as Carl Gaertner, as well as that of visiting artists such as William Sommer and Henry George Keller. He would say in later years that Gaertner, in particular, influenced his attitude toward life as well as art. “Gaertner,” Andres said, “believed that there was no need to be a ‘tortured artist’, that an artist should rather enjoy beauty, family, and life in general.” Free to spend his days as he chose, he wandered the Cleveland Art Museum for most of the hours he was not attending classes or painting; the remaining time was spent drinking coffee at a local hangout with art school friends – which is where he met fellow Henry Keller scholarship winner, Avis Johnson. Richard was immediately smitten with Avis, but being rather shy, it took him the entire summer of 1948 to build up his courage to ask her out. Over that summer he ‘thought about Avis’ and worked in a diner to save money. He also used the hundred-dollar prize money won in High School to visit the first Max Beckmann retrospective in the United States at the City Art Museum in St. Louis. Over a half century later he spoke of that exhibit with a reverence usually reserved for spiritual matters, “I walked in and it was like nothing I had ever seen before... the color...It just glowed.”
Returning to campus in the Fall, the first thing he did was go to the coffee shop in hopes of finding Avis. He did, and she, upon seeing him, realized that she was also smitten with him. They quickly became known as ‘the couple’ on campus, and a year later, with Richard being drafted for the Korean war, they were quickly married by a Justice of the Peace, celebrating after with family at Avis’s Cleveland home. As a gift, faculty member John Paul Miller...
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