Items Similar to Arc en Ciel Abstract Expressionist French Oil Painting Nouvelle École d'Paris
Want more images or videos?
Request additional images or videos from the seller
1 of 19
Rene DuvillierArc en Ciel Abstract Expressionist French Oil Painting Nouvelle École d'Paris1990
1990
About the Item
Rene Duvillier (French, 1919-2002), "Arc en Ciel, Arc en Mer" 1990, oil on canvas, signed lower left, signed, titled, and dated verso, Provenance: gallery label from Galerie Mostini, Paris, France affixed verso,
canvas: 25.5"h x 32"w, overall (with frame): 27.5"h x 33.75"
Done in a bold, vibrant, blue with red and white.
René Duvillier (1919-2002) Born in Oyonnax (Ain) and died in 2002 in Paris. French artist. Painter of the new school in Paris.
Despite studying at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Paris (workshop of Charles Guerin, pupil of Gustave Moreau), Duvillier nevertheless asserted himself to be self-taught.
1939-1945: Five years of captivity. Duvillier was deported to Ukraine and then to Poland for several escape attempts and for acts of resistance.
1945: moves to Paris.
1952: A decisive meeting with Charles Estienne , an influential critic who tried to reconcile gestural abstraction and surrealist automatism. This integrates him into the group of painters of the new school in Paris which he shows at the gallery of Babylon. This is how Duvillier got to know Jean Degottex, Jean Messagier, Hans Hartung, Charles Lapicque and Serge Poliakoff. He was very much supported by the critic to whom great intellectual complicity links him.
1954-1955: René Duvillier, invited to Brittany by Charles Estienne , discovers the sea: "I found the movement and the gesture, it was a dreadful shock" explains the painter. Duvillier painted a series of polychrome canvases (black, purple, blue) on the sea as well as the series of "Seahorses", colored inks on paper. He was part of the New Ecole de Paris along with Nicolas de Staël, André Lanskoy, Pierre Soulages, and Jean René Bazaine.
1966: Contacts with scientists (CERN, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Geneva ). Duvillier discovers an astonishing similarity between some of his works and photos of physical and cosmic phenomena. Professor at the National School of Architecture of Versailles.
René Duvillier joined the Ecole des Beaux-Arts of Paris in 1935. After five years of captivity and an exhibition at the Stalag in Krakow, he joined the Nouvelle École de Paris. Under the guidance of the art critic Charles Estienne, it gathered painters from Surrealism and gesture or lyric abstraction that finally won the art scene in 1955. André Breton exhibited him and Benjamin Péret exalted his pictorial work, in which the brush movement brings to life natural elements, sea striking rocks and giving them almost supernatural attributes (1955).
Select exhibitions
2010 - Ivre de peinture, Galerie Alain Margaron, Paris
2009 - René Duvillier, Galerie L'Or du Temps, Paris
2008 - Vous êtes le feu dans l'eau, Galerie Alain Margaron, Nice
2003 - Accrochage d'oeuvres de René Duvillier, Galerie Larock-Granoff, Paris
2003 - Ici - Ailleurs, Galerie Doris Benno, Saint-Paul-De-Vence
1999 - À l'Ouest du Monde, FIAC, Paris
1993 - Le ciel de la mer, Galerie Larock-Granoff, Paris
1987 - Peintures 1955-1983, Galerie Mostini, Paris
1986 - Galerie du Manoir, La Chaux de Fonds, Suisse
1971 - Ensemble de Peinture, Palais des Expositions, Genève
1970 - Têtes Chercheuses, Galerie Le Lutrin, Lyon
1965 - Benrath et Duvillier, Galerie Argos, Nantes
1964 - Galerie Byron, New York
1961 - La Mer des Vents, Galerie Smith, Bruxelles
1943 - La Genése, Stalag de Cracovie, Kobierzyn
Select Group Exhibitions
2017 - Ailleurs est ici, École des Filles, Huelgoat
2017 - Le geste et la matière une abstraction "autre" Paris, 1945-1965, Fondation Clément/Centre Pompidou, Martinique
2011 - L'Aventure de l'Art Abstrait, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Brest, Brest
2008 - Les Nuagistes, Collégiale Saint-André, Chartres
2002 - Art ou Nature ?, Musée du Luxembourg, Luxembourg
1999 - Actualité des collections du XXe siècle 1996-1999, musée des Beaux-Arts, Lyon
1999 - L'Intimité des dessins, Galerie Alain Margaron, Paris
1997 - Un combat pour l'Art Moderne, Hommage à René Déroudille., Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, Lyon
1995 - Nantes et le surréalisme, Musée des beaux-arts de Nantes, Nantes
1991 - André Breton, La beauté convulsive, Centre George Pompidou, Paris
1990 - André Breton, Musée national, Madrid
1989 - I Surrealisti, Palazzo Reale, Milan
1987 - Le Visionnaire, Galerie du Manoir, La Chaux de Fonds, Suisse
1986 - Blanc/Noir/Blanc, Centre Culturel de Landerneau et Musée des Jacobins, Morlaix
1984 - Autour de Michel Ragon, Paris Art Center, Paris
1981 - Paris-Paris 1937-1957, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris
1980 - Bilan de l'art contemporain, Palais des Congrès, Québec
1973 - Exposition internationale du dessin original, Musée d'Art Contemporain de Skopje, Yougoslavie
1971 - Présence Européenne, Galerie La Bussola, Turin
1968 - Peinture française contemporaine, Musées de Belgrade, Prague, Bucarest, Varsovie et Zagreb
1967 - Le Visage de l'Homme dans l'Art Contemporain, Musée Rath, Genève
1967 - Pavillon Français, Exposition Universelle de Montréal, Montréal
1967 - Dix Ans d'Art Vivant 1955-1965, Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul de Vence
1966 - Grands et Jeunes d'Aujourd'hui, Musée d'Art Moderne, Paris
1965 - Art in Science, Institut d'histoire et d'art, Albany, Etats-Unis
1963 - Art contemporain, Grand Palais, Paris
1962 - 10 Malere fra Paris, Galerie Birch, Copenhague
1961 - Les 41 présentent Iris Clert, Galerie Iris Clert, Paris
1959 - L'Air et L'Eau, Galerie Saint-Augustin, Paris
1953 - Younger European Painters, The Solomon Guggenheim Museum, New York
- Creator:Rene Duvillier (1919 - 2002)
- Creation Year:1990
- Dimensions:Height: 27.5 in (69.85 cm)Width: 33.75 in (85.73 cm)
- Medium:
- Movement & Style:
- Period:
- Condition:
- Gallery Location:Surfside, FL
- Reference Number:1stDibs: LU38214919642
About the Seller
4.9
Platinum Seller
Premium sellers with a 4.7+ rating and 24-hour response times
Established in 1995
1stDibs seller since 2014
1,759 sales on 1stDibs
Typical response time: 1 hour
- ShippingRetrieving quote...Shipping from: Surfside, FL
- Return Policy
Authenticity Guarantee
In the unlikely event there’s an issue with an item’s authenticity, contact us within 1 year for a full refund. DetailsMoney-Back Guarantee
If your item is not as described, is damaged in transit, or does not arrive, contact us within 7 days for a full refund. Details24-Hour Cancellation
You have a 24-hour grace period in which to reconsider your purchase, with no questions asked.Vetted Professional Sellers
Our world-class sellers must adhere to strict standards for service and quality, maintaining the integrity of our listings.Price-Match Guarantee
If you find that a seller listed the same item for a lower price elsewhere, we’ll match it.Trusted Global Delivery
Our best-in-class carrier network provides specialized shipping options worldwide, including custom delivery.More From This Seller
View AllLarge John Hultberg SF Bay Area Artist Abstract Expressionist Oil Painting
By John Hultberg
Located in Surfside, FL
John Hultberg
Oil on canvas
Panorama of pictures. 1998
Hand signed lower right, J. Hultberg ‘98.
Artist, date, and title written on verso.
Canvas 25.5”H x 35”W, Frame 26”H x 35.5”W.
Oil painting depicting a mosaic of photographs overlooking an abstract geometric landscape.
John Hultberg (1922 – 2005) was an American Abstract expressionist and Abstract realist painter. Early in his career he was related to the Bay Area Figurative Movement; he was also a lecturer and playwright.
John Hultberg was born in 1922 in Berkeley, California. Hultberg attended Fresno State College, graduating in 1943. During World War II, he was a Navy lieutenant. After the war, his education at the California School of Fine Arts (CSFA) (now the San Francisco Art Institute) was funded by the G.I. Bill. His teachers included Mark Rothko and Clyfford Still and he was a classmate of Richard Diebenkorn, who was also a mentor, James Budd Dixon, Walter Kuhlman, Frank Lobdell, and George Stillman, which whom he created a portfolio of 17 lithographs. This 1948 portfolio, titled Drawings, has been acknowledged as a landmark in Abstract Expressionist printmaking. The group has been referred to as "The Sausalito Six," because most, lived in Sausalito, north of San Francisco. Many of the "First Generation" artists in this West Coast movement were avid fans of Abstract Expressionism, and worked in that manner, until several of them abandoned non-objective painting in favor of working with the figure. Among these First Generation Bay Area Figurative School artists were: David Park, Richard Diebenkorn, Rex Ashlock, Elmer Bischoff, Glenn Wessels, Wayne Thiebaud, Raimonds Staprans, and James Weeks. The "Bridge Generation" included the artists: Henrietta Berk, Nathan Oliveira, Theophilus Brown, Paul Wonner, Roland Petersen, John Hultberg, and Frank Lobdell. He was also a contemporary of Clay Spohn and David Park. Hultberg studied at the Art Students League of New York beginning in 1952. Hultberg was first married to Hilary Blech. In 1961 Hultberg met fellow artist Lynne Mapp Drexler...
Category
1990s Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil
American Abstract Expressionist Artist Melissa Meyer Oil Painting Chance
By Melissa Meyer
Located in Surfside, FL
MELISSA MEYER (American, b. 1946),
'Chance' Oil on Canvas
2006
Hand signed, dated and titled, verso
Height: 30 inches, Width: 28 inches
Provenance: Rebecca Ibel Gallery, Columbus, OH
Melissa Meyer (born May 4, 1946) is an American artist and painter. The Wall Street Journal has referred to her as a "lighthearted Abstract Expressionist". She works in various formats, large abstract paintings, watercolors, prints, monotype, monoprint and drawings made up of fields of gestures. This one is abstract swirling hues of purple, red, blue, orange and yellow,
Selected solo shows: Lennon, Weinberg, Inc., New York, NY; List Gallery, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA; New York Studio School, New York, NY; Rebecca Ibel Gallery, Columbus, OH. Selected Group shows: “The Maslow Collection: Context and Content”, The Maslow Study Gallery for Contemporary Art, Scranton, PA; “Summer Reverie Invitational,” William Siegel Gallery, Santa Fe, NM.; "One of a Kind; Monoprints, Monotypes", The Gallery, Spencertown Academy...
Category
Early 2000s Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Nell Sinton Abstract Expressionist Landscape San Francisco California Modernist
Located in Surfside, FL
Eleanor Nell Sinton
Roots and Stems 1950,
Oil on canvas,
Signed lower right N. Sinton,
Provenance: Braunstein Quay Gallery (bears label verso)
Framed: 24.5 X 20.5 sight 21 X 17 inches.
Nell (Eleanor) Sinton (1910-1997) was a painter, art collector and educator in San Francisco, California
Nell Sinton began painting in the 1920s. She studied at the San Francisco Art Institute (then called the California School of Fine Arts). Nell Sinton, one of the early California woman abstract expressionist painters.
A member of a family that moved to San Francisco in 1851, Nell Sinton began painting in the 1920s. She studied at the San Francisco Art Institute (then called the California School of Fine Arts) a decade before abstract expressionism emerged there, and, later, with Lucien Labaudt and Maurice Sterne, (1937-1938). She also worked as an apprentice to Sterne on the Federal Art Project (WPA) murals in San Francisco (1938-40) and was a member of the San Francisco Art Commission (1959-63). In 1959, Sinton was acknowledged as one of the Ten Most Distinguished Bay Area Women. A notable Bay Area Expressionist...
Category
1950s Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil
American Abstract Expressionist Artist Melissa Meyer Oil Painting Flaming Heart
By Melissa Meyer
Located in Surfside, FL
MELISSA MEYER (American, b. 1946),
''Bleeding Heart'', 1982,
Oil and wax (encaustic) on canvas,
Signed to canvas verso.
Canvas 39-1/4''h, 31-3/4''w.
Melissa Meyer (born May 4,...
Category
1980s Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Wax, Oil
Large Rigoberto Mena Contemporary Cuban Abstract Expressionist Oil Painting
By Rigoberto Mena
Located in Surfside, FL
"Grey".
Oil/Acrylic on Canvas. Signature lower right
Image: 39.5" x 39.5". Framed: 41" x 41".
Rigoberto Mena Santana (Cuban, born 1961) was born in Artemisia, Havana in 1961, where he currently lives and works. He attended the Instituto Politecnico de Diseno Industrial, La Habana, and continued his studies at San Alejandro Fine Art Academy, Havana. He traveled extensively throughout Europe to study the great masters. Mena has had Solo Exhibitions in China, Germany, Netherlands, Mexico, Cuba, Spain, France, and Holland, and in the U.S. in Miami, Massachusetts, Washington, D.C, and California. Following the inauguration of his exhibition “Hablando en Lenguas”. In 2011, Rigoberto’s work was chosen to be a part of the permanent collection of the National Museum of Fine Art in Havana, Cuba. Through the eyes of an abstract expressionist, he draws inspiration from his home’s urban landscapes and the spirit of the people and the city. The start of the Cuban Abstract movement was through a group called Los Once or The eleven. Though Mena was not an original member the influence by this new outlet began to spread ideals that put his own practice into fashion. Rigoberto is considered an important painter of his generation. He is one of the few artists in Cuba who has to have a private art gallery. Mena's private gallery at the Plaza de Armas is adjacent to the neighboring government art gallery. His work has been exhibited in Mexico, Belgium, Germany, France, Spain, and Holland.
Contemporaneous with the controversial, "La Generacion de los 80s" - The 80s Generation of Contemporary Cuban Art also referred to as New Cuban Art. This new Cuban plastic arts movement, with an expression of conceptual and non specific conscience manifestation, addressed many burning issues of the time and unveiled what these artists felt was the true reality of Cuba. It was more than a moment of artistic inspiration; it was a reflection of critical self-awareness and the new social role of art - the fundamental essence of the movement. They included Rubén Torres Llorca, Jose Bedia Valdes, Ricardo Rodriguez Brey, Juan Francisco Elso, Rogelio López Marín (Gory), Gustavo Pérez Monzón, José Manuel Fors, Leandro Soto Ortiz, Israel León, Tomás Sánchez and Carlos Alfonzo. In the second half of the decade, other artistic groups were formed, including 4 x 4, Grupo Hexágono, Arte Calle, Grupo Provisional, the duet René Francisco Rodríguez and Eduardo Ponjuán González and ABTV. Grupo Puré, another new wave of young artists, graduates of the Instituto Superior de Arte (ISA) included Ana Albertina Delgado Álvarez, Adriano Buergo, Ciro Quintana, Ermi Taño and Lázaro Saavedra, all greatly influenced by the German Kitsch art movement. Additionally, a large number of talented creators excelled independently, such as Florencio Gelabert (sculptor), Arturo Cuenca Sigarreta, Rigoberto Mena, Humberto Castro, Gustavo Acosta, Kcho, Antonio Eligio Fernandez (Tonel), Adriano Buergo, Flavio Garciandía, Tania Bruguera, Juan Francisco Elso, Carlos Rodríguez Cárdenas, Quisqueya Henríquez, Glexis Novoa, José Toirac, Carlos García, Heriberto Mora, Segundo Planes and Pedro Vizcaíno, among others.
Select Personal Exhibitions
2015 RBK 4200 ,La Cabaña,fortress. Bienal de La Habana,
2014 The shape without shape. Visual Arts Development Center, Bayamo, Cuba
2013 Allegro Ma Non Troppo. Lloyd’s Register, Havana.
2012 Spirit. Dennis Rosenthal Gallery, Chicago, U.S.A.
2011 Speaking in languages. Fine Arts National Museum, Havana.
2010 The places of time (with Alan Kleinmann). Orígenes Gallery, Havana’s Great Theater.
2009 The writing and the limit. 23 y 12 Gallery, Havana.
2007 The pleasure of absorb yourself. RAC Gallery, Veracruzan University, Xalapa, México.
2006 Coexistence. Public space, during the Ninth Havana’s Biennale.
2005 Ball change. La Casona Gallery, Havana, Cuba
Das Unbestimmbare Selbst. Refugium Gallery, Berlin.
2004 From the nothing to the infinite. La Casona Gallery, Havana, Cuba
2003 The visual poetry of life. Refugium Gallery, Berlin.
Rigoberto Mena. Recent Work. Habana Gallery, México DF.
Recent graphic work (with Jo Ann Rothschild). Graphic workshop, Havana.
Rigoberto Mena. Recent Work, Boston Art Institute, Lesley Boston University,
2001 Two plus one doesn’t make three (with Julio Girona and Angel Rivero), L Gallery,
2000 Cuba I, Space 12 Gallery, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Three abstract painters (with Jo Ann Rothschild and Julia Valdes...
Category
20th Century Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Large Rigoberto Mena Contemporary Cuban Abstract Expressionist Oil Painting
By Rigoberto Mena
Located in Surfside, FL
"Yellow/Green"
2004. Oil/Acrylic on Canvas. Signed lower right
Image: 34.5" x 47". Framed: 49" x 37".
Rigoberto Mena Santana (Cuban, born 1961) was born in Artemisia, Havana in 1961, where he currently lives and works. He attended the Instituto Politecnico de Diseno Industrial, La Habana, and continued his studies at San Alejandro Fine Art Academy, Havana. He traveled extensively throughout Europe to study the great masters. Mena has had Solo Exhibitions in China, Germany, Netherlands, Mexico, Cuba, Spain, France, and Holland, and in the U.S. in Miami, Massachusetts, Washington, D.C, and California. Following the inauguration of his exhibition “Hablando en Lenguas”. In 2011, Rigoberto’s work was chosen to be a part of the permanent collection of the National Museum of Fine Art in Havana, Cuba. Through the eyes of an abstract expressionist, he draws inspiration from his home’s urban landscapes and the spirit of the people and the city. The start of the Cuban Abstract movement was through a group called Los Once or The eleven. Though Mena was not an original member the influence by this new outlet began to spread ideals that put his own practice into fashion. Rigoberto is considered an important painter of his generation. He is one of the few artists in Cuba who has to have a private art gallery. Mena's private gallery at the Plaza de Armas is adjacent to the neighboring government art gallery. His work has been exhibited in Mexico, Belgium, Germany, France, Spain, and Holland.
Contemporaneous with the controversial, "La Generacion de los 80s" - The 80s Generation of Contemporary Cuban Art also referred to as New Cuban Art. This new Cuban plastic arts movement, with an expression of conceptual and non specific conscience manifestation, addressed many burning issues of the time and unveiled what these artists felt was the true reality of Cuba. It was more than a moment of artistic inspiration; it was a reflection of critical self-awareness and the new social role of art - the fundamental essence of the movement. They included Rubén Torres Llorca, Jose Bedia Valdes, Ricardo Rodriguez Brey, Juan Francisco Elso, Rogelio López Marín (Gory), Gustavo Pérez Monzón, José Manuel Fors, Leandro Soto Ortiz, Israel León, Tomás Sánchez and Carlos Alfonzo. In the second half of the decade, other artistic groups were formed, including 4 x 4, Grupo Hexágono, Arte Calle, Grupo Provisional, the duet René Francisco Rodríguez and Eduardo Ponjuán González and ABTV. Grupo Puré, another new wave of young artists, graduates of the Instituto Superior de Arte (ISA) included Ana Albertina Delgado Álvarez, Adriano Buergo, Ciro Quintana, Ermi Taño and Lázaro Saavedra, all greatly influenced by the German Kitsch art movement. Additionally, a large number of talented creators excelled independently, such as Florencio Gelabert (sculptor), Arturo Cuenca Sigarreta, Rigoberto Mena, Humberto Castro, Gustavo Acosta, Kcho, Antonio Eligio Fernandez (Tonel), Adriano Buergo, Flavio Garciandía, Tania Bruguera, Juan Francisco Elso, Carlos Rodríguez Cárdenas, Quisqueya Henríquez, Glexis Novoa, José Toirac, Carlos García, Heriberto Mora, Segundo Planes and Pedro Vizcaíno, among others.
Select Personal Exhibitions
2015 RBK 4200 ,La Cabaña,fortress. Bienal de La Habana,
2014 The shape without shape. Visual Arts Development Center, Bayamo, Cuba
2013 Allegro Ma Non Troppo. Lloyd’s Register, Havana.
2012 Spirit. Dennis Rosenthal Gallery, Chicago, U.S.A.
2011 Speaking in languages. Fine Arts National Museum, Havana.
2010 The places of time (with Alan Kleinmann). Orígenes Gallery, Havana’s Great Theater.
2009 The writing and the limit. 23 y 12 Gallery, Havana.
2007 The pleasure of absorb yourself. RAC Gallery, Veracruzan University, Xalapa, México.
2006 Coexistence. Public space, during the Ninth Havana’s Biennale.
2005 Ball change. La Casona Gallery, Havana, Cuba
Das Unbestimmbare Selbst. Refugium Gallery, Berlin.
2004 From the nothing to the infinite. La Casona Gallery, Havana, Cuba
2003 The visual poetry of life. Refugium Gallery, Berlin.
Rigoberto Mena. Recent Work. Habana Gallery, México DF.
Recent graphic work (with Jo Ann Rothschild). Graphic workshop, Havana.
Rigoberto Mena. Recent Work, Boston Art Institute, Lesley Boston University,
2001 Two plus one doesn’t make three (with Julio Girona and Angel Rivero), L Gallery,
2000 Cuba I, Space 12 Gallery, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Three abstract painters (with Jo Ann Rothschild and Julia Valdes...
Category
20th Century Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil, Acrylic
You May Also Like
Vertical Abstract with Blue and Green
By Catherine Freethy
Located in Soquel, CA
Bold abstract composition by California artist Catherine Freethy (American, b. 1962). Bold, sweeping shapes flow into each other in this vertical abstract, with a primarily blue, yel...
Category
Late 20th Century Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil
$628 Sale Price
20% Off
Domenick Capobianco Color Field Oil on Canvas
Located in Astoria, NY
Domenick Capobianco (American, b. 1928), Abstract Color Field Composition in Yellow and Orange, Oil on Canvas, 1980, apparently unsigned, dated to verso and with "Studio Domenick Cap...
Category
1980s Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Domenick Capobianco Abstract Oil on Canvas Panel
Located in Astoria, NY
Domenick Capobianco (American, b. 1928), Colorful Abstract Composition, Oil on Canvas Panel, depicting polychrom dots in the manner of Damien Hirst (English, born 1965), apparently u...
Category
Late 20th Century Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Faded Light (Abstract Expressionism painting)
By Gina Werfel
Located in London, GB
Faded Light (Abstract Expressionism painting)
Oil on canvas - Unframed
Werfel employs expressive, lyrical gestures that create bursts of movement and energy. Her color choices crea...
Category
Early 2000s Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Tumble (Abstract Expressionism painting)
By Gina Werfel
Located in London, GB
Tumble (Abstract Expressionism painting)
Oil on canvas - Unframed
This painting is from a series of large paintings based upon dolls that Werfel had found in the house where she gr...
Category
2010s Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Faded Light (Abstract Expressionism painting)
By Gina Werfel
Located in London, GB
Faded Light (Abstract Expressionism painting)
Oil on canvas - Unframed
Werfel employs expressive, lyrical gestures that create bursts of movement and energy. Her color choices crea...
Category
Early 2000s Abstract Expressionist Abstract Paintings
Materials
Canvas, Oil