1920s Art
Period: 1920s
Color: Gray
"Château under the Moon" 1929, 20th Century Oil on Canvas by Joaquín Peinado
Located in Madrid, ES
JOAQUÍN PEINADO
Spanish, 1898 - 1975
CHÂTEAU UNDER THE MOON
signed "Peinado ´29" (lower right)
oil on canvas
13 x 16-1/4 inches (33 x 41 cm.)
framed: 2...
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Four Men Conversing, Liberty Magazine Cover
Located in Fort Washington, PA
Date: 1927
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Signature: Signed Lower Right
Liberty Magazine Cover, September 24, 1927
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Boy Reading
Located in Fort Washington, PA
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Signature: Unsigned
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
"Plain Black and White, " Saturday Evening Post, October 13, 1923
By John Gould
Located in Fort Washington, PA
Medium: Charcoal on Paper
Signature: Signed Lower Right
Illustration from The Saturday Evening Post
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Paper, Charcoal
Boy in Striped Sweater Sits on a Tree Branch, Advertisement, Cream of Wheat, 1929
Located in Fort Washington, PA
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Signature: Unsigned
Advertisement, Cream of Wheat, 1929.
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Study for Irish Liberty
Located in Fort Washington, PA
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Signature: Unsigned
The present work is a study for the cover of the March 18, 1922 cover of The Saturday Evening Post.
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
'None but the Brave, ' Liberty Magazine Cover, 1928
Located in Fort Washington, PA
Date: 1928
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Dimensions: 20.00" x 16.00"
Signature: Signed Lower Left
Liberty Magazine Cover 3/31/28
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
"The Credit Trimmers, " Story Illustration for Saturday Evening Post, 1922
Located in Fort Washington, PA
Signature: Signed Center Right.
"The Credit Trimmers," by Edward H. Smith and illustrated by Guernsey Moore for the Saturday Evening Post, May 13th, 1922.
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Paint
Macaroni, from Bauhaus I Portfolio
By Irene Bayer
Located in Dallas, TX
Bauhaus I Portfolio
Ed. 33/70
Signed and dated in black ink on print margin.
Category
Modern 1920s Art
Materials
Silver Gelatin
Figure allongée devant un carrelage (Figure Lying in front of a Tiled Floor)
Located in Saint Augustine, FL
Artist: Henri Matisse (French, 1869-1954)
Title: "Figure allongée devant un carrelage (Figure Lying in front of a Tiled Floor)"
*Signed and numbered by Matisse in pencil lower right
...
Category
Modern 1920s Art
Materials
Etching, Intaglio
Auction
Located in New York, NY
Bernard Kretzschmar (1889-1972), Auction, etching, drypoint, and burnished aquatint, 1921, signed and dated (’20) in pencil lower right [also initialed in the plate lower left] Refe...
Category
Expressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Drypoint, Etching, Aquatint
River Seine Banks by René THOMSEN
By René Thomsen
Located in Pasadena, CA
THOMSEN René
Born in Paris in 1897 and died in 1976 in Paris.
20th century. French.
Painter of figures, nudes, portraits, landscape, still life, flowers.
Pupil of Louis ...
Category
Impressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Oil
Sale and Marketing Kiosk for P Cigarettes (Bauhaus) (20% OFF + Free Shipping)
Located in Kansas City, MO
Herbert Bayer
Sale and Marketing Kiosk for P Cigarettes (Verkauf- und Werbekiosk, Zigarettenmarke P ), 1924
Offset Lithograph
Year: 1994
Size: 33.2 × 23.2 inches
Publisher: Bauhaus A...
Category
Bauhaus 1920s Art
Materials
Lithograph
Béla Kádár "Weiblicher Akt" ( Female Nudes ), Ink on Paper 1920's
By Bela Kadar
Located in Berlin, DE
Ink on paper, about 1920s, by Béla Kádár ( 1877-1956 ), one of the most important Hungarian artists of the 20th century.
Signed lower right: Kádár Béla. Me...
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Ink, Paper
'Agay, le château et le Sémaphore'. Oil on canvas. Signed.
Located in Paris, FR
'Agay, le château et le Sémaphore'.
Oil on canvas. +/- 1922
Signed lower right
Measurements : 60 x 73 cm.
This painting will be recorded in the second volume of the Catalogue Raisonn...
Category
Impressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Oil
Lovers
Located in Saint Ouen, FR
Lovers
Painting on canvas / frame
Charles Léandre
Circa 1925
Signature lower right
L 81 cms x h 115 cms
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Oil
Spanish Woman with Guitar
By Jan Matulka
Located in New York, NY
Jan Matulka (1890-1972), Spanish Woman with Guitar, lithograph, 1925, an unsigned proof impression. Reference: Flint 13, only a few impressions known...
Category
American Modern 1920s Art
Materials
Lithograph
Une Escale au Brasil (A Stopover in Brazil)
Located in New York, NY
Charles Dufresne (1876-1938), Une Escale au Brasil (A Stopover in Brazil), etching and drypoint, c. 1920, signed in pencil lower right margin and inscribed “epreuve de artist” lower ...
Category
Modern 1920s Art
Materials
Drypoint, Etching
"Senior Womens Hall In The Moonlight" 1921 UC Berkeley Yearbook Color Lithograph
Located in Soquel, CA
"Senior Womens Hall In The Moonlight" 1921 UC Berkeley Yearbook Color Lithograph
"Senior Womens Hall In The Moonlight" 1921 University of California Berkeley Color Lithograph by Pedro Lemos...
Category
American Impressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper, Ink
"The Library From The Botanical Gardens" - 1921 UC Berkeley Yearbook Lithograph
Located in Soquel, CA
"The Library From The Botanical Gardens" - 1921 UC Berkeley Yearbook Lithograph
"The Library From The Botanical Gardens" 1921 University of California Berkeley Color Lithograph by Pedro Lemos...
Category
American Impressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper, Ink
"The Mining Building From The Road" - 1921 UC Berkeley Yearbook Color Lithograph
Located in Soquel, CA
"The Mining Building From The Road" - 1921 UC Berkeley Yearbook Color Lithograph
"The Mining Building From The Road" 1921 University of California Berkeley Color Lithograph by Pedro Lemos...
Category
American Impressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper, Ink
Post Impressionist Portrait of a Girl -Jewish 1920's art oil painting apples
Located in London, GB
This superb Post Impressionist portrait oil painting is by noted Jewish artist Alfred Lomnitz. Lomnitz was born in Germany and Jewish by denomination. He emigrated to England in 1933...
Category
Post-Impressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Oil
St John's College, Oxford 1920s photograph by Hills & Saunders
Located in London, GB
To see our other Oxford and Cambridge pictures, scroll down to "More from this Seller" and below it click on "See all from this Seller" - or send us a message if you cannot find the view you want.
Hills...
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Silver Gelatin
Portrait of Water Bearers, Africa - British 1920's Orientalist art oil painting
Located in London, GB
This superb vibrant Orientalist Post Impressionist oil painting is by noted British artist Gerald Spencer Pryse. It was painted about 1925 when Pryse was visiting Morocco and Norther...
Category
Post-Impressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Oil
The Train Set - British 20's art interior oil portrait boy playing female artist
By Agnes L Reid
Located in London, GB
This charming oil painting is by British female artist Agnes L Reid. Painted circa 1920 the painting is of a little boy playing on the floor with his train set, with balloons and a b...
Category
Realist 1920s Art
Materials
Oil
Sheep Shearers, Tangiers - British 1920's Orientalist figurative oil painting
Located in London, GB
This superb vibrant Orientalist Post Impressionist oil painting is by noted British artist Gerald Spencer Pryse. It was painted about 1925 when Pryse was visiting Morocco and Norther...
Category
Post-Impressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Oil
The Close of Day - British 20s Art Deco exhibited oil painting harvest landscape
By Frederick George Swaish
Located in London, GB
A superb pastoral oil painting by British listed artist Frederick George Swaish and painted in 1923. He was a noted British artist of the inter war period and a regular exhibitor at ...
Category
Art Deco 1920s Art
Materials
Oil
Ex libris - Domingo Hospital - Woodcut by Emilio Marcel Bondurand - 1924
Located in Roma, IT
Ex libris - Domingo Hospital is an Artwork realized in 1924 by the artist Emilio Marcel Bondurand, from Spain.
Woodcut print on ivory paper. The work is glued on ivory cardboard.
...
Category
Modern 1920s Art
Materials
Paper, Woodcut
Ouvert la Nuit - Rare Book by Raoul Dufy - 1924
By Raoul Dufy
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 320 copies including 6 illustrations by R. Dufy, A. Favory, R. De La Fresnaye, A. Lhote, L.A. Moreau, A. D. de Segonzac. One of 305 copies on Velin d'Arches. Original soft...
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Malice - Rare Book Illustrated by Chasles Laborde - 1924
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 746 copies including original colored etchings by Chas Laborde. Copy on papier de rives. Perfect conditions.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
L'Enfant - Rare Book - 1920
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 1000 copies. Copy on Japon Imperial, one of 60 copies. Perfect conditions and uncut.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Le Diable Amoureux - Rare Book Illustrated by Jean Emile Laboreur - 1921
Located in Roma, IT
Copy on velin paper including original etchings in the definitive state by Jean Emile Laboreur. Copy in perfect conditions and partially uncut.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Les Dernières Nuits de Paris - Rare Book Illustrated by Philippe Soupault - 1928
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 500 copies. Copy on papier Velin du Marais paper. Language: french. Soft editorial cover, almost perfect conditions. Uncut. Philippe Soupault was born in 1897 and died in ...
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Escales - Rare Book illustrated by André Lhote - 1920
By André Lhote
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 440 copies including 32 coloured illustrations by André Lhote. One of the illustrations is full-page. Original editorial softcover with spine lightly damaged. Inside near ...
Category
Modern 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Mitsou ou Comment l'Esprit vient aux Filles - Rare Book - 1926
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 1300 copies on Vélin du Marais.
Excellent Condition. Partially Uncut.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Le Roi de la Vie - Rare Book by Philippe Soupault - 1928
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 620 copies including a portrait of the author by Alexeieff on frontispiece. Copy on Velin Lafuma paper. Language: french. Perfect conditions. Uncut. Philippe Soupault was ...
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Bonne-Fille - Rare Book Illustrated by André Dignimont - 1926
Located in Roma, IT
Copy on Japon Imperial paper. Many b/w and coloured illustrations. Excellent conditions and partially uncut.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Chansons Madécasses - Rare Book Illustrated by J.E. Laboureur - 1920
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 412 copies including 30 original colored vignettes by J. E. Laboureur. Copy on Jute naturel. Light flowering in the last pages. Very good conditions, uncut.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Marguerite - Rare Book Illustrated by Fernand Simeon - 1920
Located in Roma, IT
Perfect conditions and uncut. One of the only 19 copies on Japon Imperial including one suite of xilographs on papier de Chine.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Ex libris - Anny Rabl - Woodcut - 1950
Located in Roma, IT
Ex libris - Anny Rabl is an Artwork realized in 1950.
Etching on ivory paper. The work is glued on colored cardboard.
Total dimensions: 20x16.
Good conditions.
The artwork repr...
Category
Modern 1920s Art
Materials
Paper, Woodcut
Rues et Visages de Paris - Rare Book - 1926
Located in Roma, IT
Rues et Visages de Paris (Streets and Faces of Paris) is a rare book whose purpose is to introduce the city of Paris in the first page of 20th Century, written by Valery Larbaud and ...
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Juliette au Pays des Hommes - Rare Book Illustrated by Chas Laborde - 1926
By Chas Laborde
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 317 copies including engravings by Chas Laborde. Copy on Vergé de Rives.
Perfect Conditions. Partially Uncut.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Printemps - Neo-Impressionist Pointillist Oil, Landscape by Achille Lauge
Located in Marlow, Buckinghamshire
Stunning pointillist landscape oil on panel circa 1920 by French neo-impressionist painter Achille Lauge. The work depicts a spring landscape. In the centre are three tall trees covered in white and pink blossom. The trees are surrounded by fields painted in wonderful shades of green and blue.
Signature:
Signed lower right
Dimensions:
Framed: 28"x34"
Unframed: 20"x26"
Provenance:
A certificate of authenticity from Juliette Lauge accompanies the painting.
The work will be included in the catalogue raisonné of the artist, currently in preparation by Mme. Nicole Tamburini
Achille Laugé...
Category
Pointillist 1920s Art
Materials
Oil, Panel
Connaissance de la Déesse - Rare Book - 1924
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 1060 copies on Navarre verge including a lithograph representing the author on the frontispiece of Edouard Vuillard. Very good conditions and partially uncut.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Jeux de l'Ame - Rare Book - 1920s
Located in Roma, IT
Edition of 2300 copies. One of only 70 copies on Pur Fil Lafuma paper. Language: french. Little foxing on cover, copy with beards. Perfect conditions inside.
Category
Surrealist 1920s Art
Materials
Paper
Louis PASTOUR (1876-1948) French Post Impressionist 1928 Art Deco Period
Located in Holywell, GB
Louis PASTOUR (1876-1948)
Cannes 1928
A delightful painting of a coastal landscape depicting fishing boats and figures on a beach near Cannes by the French post impressionist artis...
Category
Art Deco 1920s Art
Materials
Oil
"Pool of my Imagination"
By Charles Frederick Naegele
Located in Southampton, NY
Beautiful oil on canvas painting of a young nude woman sitting on a large rock in a enchanted grotto with two swans. The painting was executed in the 1920's and is in fine original condition. Unlined and housed in its original Stanford White hand carved wood gilt frame. Signed lower left. Provenance: Szynanski Gallery, Beverly Hills; Temple Steel Company, Chicago, Illinois; acquired from the above in 1980. Condition report: Stretcher bar mark center with corresponding light cracks.
Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, as a child Naegele moved with his parents to Memphis, where by 1873 he was apprenticed to a tombstone carver at three dollars a week. He also earned money painting...
Category
American Impressionist 1920s Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Paris, Decorative Art Exhibition 1925, The Samaritaine Pavilion Photography
Located in Atlanta, GA
A unique original silver gelatin black and white photography.
The International Decorative Arts Exhibition in Paris, October 1925. Along with the Seine River, The Department Store "S...
Category
Art Deco 1920s Art
Materials
Silver Gelatin
Merry Xmas, Post Cover
By Ellen Pyle
Located in Fort Washington, PA
Signed Lower Right by Artist
Cover of The Saturday Evening Post, December 18, 1926
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Oil
Feuilles de tabac
Located in Miami, FL
Charles Schneider
La Verre Francais
"Feuilles de tabac" ca. 1920
Yellow glass with red overlay and etching.
Height: 16 in
Signed "La Verre Francais" at the base.
Category
Art Deco 1920s Art
Materials
Glass
French Lady in Waiting Female Portrait
Located in Douglas Manor, NY
4070 French oil painting Lady in Waiting by Alfreda Klebe
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Oil
Collier's Weekly Magazine Cover
Located in Fort Washington, PA
Signed Lower Left by Artist
Collier's Weekly magazine cover, April 23, 1921
Category
1920s Art
Materials
Watercolor, Gouache
Untitled
Located in Miami, FL
This speckled and sparkling glass vase is an exemplary piece of the Art Nouveau period of France and was created by legendary glass-smith Charles Schneider. This vase makes an excell...
Category
Art Nouveau 1920s Art
Materials
Glass
Brooklyn Waterfront
Located in Fairlawn, OH
Brooklyn Waterfront
Lithograph, 1931
Signed, titled, and dated in pencil by the artist
Edition: Undetermined (very small), plus artist's proofs
Printed by Meister Schulz, Berlin
Provenance:
Estate of the artist
Virginia Dehn, the artist's widow
Dehn Quests
Bibliography:
Lumsdaine and O'Sullivan 152
Illustrated: Adams, The Sensuous Life of Adolf Dehn, Fig. 9.14, page 213 (This impression)
Adolf Dehn, American Watercolorist and Printmaker, 1895-1968
Adolf Dehn was an artist who achieved extraordinary artistic heights, but in a very particular artistic sphere—not so much in oil painting as in watercolor and lithography. Long recognized as a master by serious print collectors, he is gradually gaining recognition as a notable and influential figure in the overall history of American art.
In the 19th century, with the invention of the rotary press, which made possible enormous print runs, and the development of the popular, mass-market magazines, newspaper and magazine illustration developed into an artistic realm of its own, often surprisingly divorced from the world of museums and art exhibitions, and today remains surprisingly overlooked by most art historians. Dehn in many regards was an outgrowth of this world, although in an unusual way, since as a young man he produced most of his illustrative work not for popular magazines, such as The Saturday Evening Post, but rather for radical journals, such as The Masses or The Liberator, or artistic “little magazines” such as The Dial. This background established the foundation of his outlook, and led later to his unique and distinctive contribution to American graphic art.
If there’s a distinctive quality to his work, it was his skill in introducing unusual tonal and textural effects into his work, particularly in printmaking but also in watercolor. Jackson Pollock seems to have been one of many notable artists who were influenced by his techniques.
Early Years, 1895-1922
For an artist largely remembered for scenes of Vienna and Paris, Adolf Dehn’s background was a surprising one. Born in Waterville, Minnesota, on November 22, 1895, Dehn was the descendent of farmers who had emigrated from Germany and homesteaded in the region, initially in a one-room log cabin with a dirt floor. Adolf’s father, Arthur Clark Dehn, was a hunter and trapper who took pride that he had no boss but himself, and who had little use for art. Indeed, during Adolf’s boyhood the walls of his bedroom and the space under his bed were filled with the pelts of mink, muskrats and skunks that his father had killed, skinned and stretched on drying boards. It was Adolf’s mother, Emilie Haas Dehn, a faithful member of the German Lutheran Evangelical Church, who encouraged his interest in art, which became apparent early in childhood. Both parents were ardent socialists, and supporters of Eugene Debs. In many ways Dehn’s later artistic achievement was clearly a reaction against the grinding rural poverty of his childhood.
After graduating from high school in 1914 at the age of 19—an age not unusual in farming communities at the time, where school attendance was often irregular—Dehn attended the Minneapolis School of Art from 1914 to 1917, whose character followed strongly reflected that of its director, Munich-trained Robert Kohler, an artistic conservative but a social radical. There Dehn joined a group of students who went on to nationally significant careers, including Wanda Gag (later author of best-selling children’s books); John Flanagan (a sculptor notable for his use of direct carving) Harry Gottlieb (a notable social realist and member of the Woodstock Art Colony), Elizabeth Olds (a printmaker and administrator for the WPA), Arnold Blanch (landscape, still-life and figure painter, and member of the Woodstock group), Lucille Lunquist, later Lucille Blanch (also a gifted painter and founder of the Woodstock art colony), and Johan Egilrud (who stayed in Minneapolis and became a journalist and poet).
Adolf became particularly close to Wanda Gag (1893-1946), with whom he established an intense but platonic relationship. Two years older than he, Gag was the daughter of a Bohemian artist and decorator, Anton Gag, who had died in 1908. After her husband died, Wanda’s mother, Lizzi Gag, became a helpless invalid, so Wanda was entrusted with the task of raising and financially supporting her six younger siblings. This endowed her with toughness and an independent streak, but nonetheless, when she met Dehn, Wanda was Victorian and conventional in her artistic taste and social values. Dehn was more socially radical, and introduced her to radical ideas about politics and free love, as well as to socialist publications such as The Masses and The Appeal to Reason.
Never very interested in oil painting, in Minneapolis Dehn focused on caricature and illustration--often of a humorous or politically radical character. In 1917 both Dehn and Wanda won scholarships to attend the Art Students League, and consequently, in the fall of that year both moved to New York. Dehn’s art education, however, ended in the summer of 1918, shortly after the United States entered World War I, when he was drafted to serve in the U. S. Army. Unwilling to fight, he applied for status as a conscientious objector, but was first imprisoned, then segregated in semi-imprisonment with other Pacifists, until the war ended. The abuse he suffered at this time may well explain his later withdrawal from taking political stands or making art of an overtly political nature. After his release from the army, Dehn returned to New York where he fell under the spell of the radical cartoonist Boardman Robinson and produced his first lithographs. He also finally consummated his sexual relationship with Wanda Gag.
The Years in Europe: 1922-1929
In September of 1921, however, he abruptly departed for Europe, arriving in Paris and then moving on to Vienna. There in the winter of 1922 he fell in love with a Russian dancer, Mura Zipperovitch, ending his seven-year relationship with Wanda Gag. He and Mura were married in 1926. It was also in Vienna that he produced his first notable artistic work.
Influenced by European artists such as Jules Pascin and Georg Grosz, Dehn began producing drawings of people in cafes, streets, and parks, which while mostly executed in his studio, were based on spontaneous life studies and have an expressive, sometimes almost childishly wandering quality of line. The mixture of sophistication and naiveté in these drawings was new to American audiences, as was the raciness of their subject matter, which often featured pleasure-seekers, prostitutes or scenes of sexual dalliance, presented with a strong element of caricature. Some of these drawings contain an element of social criticism, reminiscent of that found in the work of George Grosz, although Dehn’s work tended to focus on humorous commentary rather than savagely attacking his subjects or making a partisan political statement. Many Americans, including some who had originally been supporters of Dehn such as Boardman Robinson, were shocked by these European drawings, although George Grocz (who became a friend of the artist in this period) admired them, and recognized that Dehn could also bring a new vision to America subject matter. As he told Dehn: “You will do things in America which haven’t been done, which need to be done, which only you can do—as far at least as I know America.”
A key factor in Dehn’s artistic evolution at this time was his association with Scofield Thayer, the publisher of the most notable modernist art and poetry magazine...
Category
American Modern 1920s Art
Materials
Lithograph
La Verre Francais
Located in Miami, FL
Le Verre Francais
Charder Collection.
Signed "Charder" on one of the sides of the vase and "Le Verre Francais" on the base.
Similar works are published in the book "Charles Schneider...
Category
Art Deco 1920s Art
Materials
Glass
Kevin B. O'Callahan, (Exotic Temple)
Located in New York, NY
This (Exotic Temple) is monogrammed in the plate at the lower right.
A Rochester, New York native, Kevin O'Callahan studied at the Carnegie Institute and worked on the WPA. He is k...
Category
Aesthetic Movement 1920s Art
Materials
Intaglio
Lyon International Autumn Fair, 1927, Silver Gelatin Black and White Photography
Located in Atlanta, GA
A unique original silver gelatin black and white photography. The International Autumn Fair in Lyon, France, March 19, 1927.
Still a lot of people at the entrance of The Internation...
Category
Art Deco 1920s Art
Materials
Silver Gelatin
JOSHUA TREE
Located in Santa Monica, CA
FRANCES H. GEARHART (American, 1869-1958)
JOSHUA TREE c. 1925-30
Color block print. Signed in pencil. 6 1/2 x 4 1/2 inches. Edition unknown, bur likely ab...
Category
Modern 1920s Art
Materials
Linocut, Woodcut