European Planters and Jardinieres
to
297
1,271
1,228
2,123
389
31
Height
to
Width
to
389
87
79
75
64
51
37
30
26
26
26
19
17
16
13
9
5
5
99
672
1,352
420
299
704
158
48
8
32
46
25
112
314
82
11
8
1,056
753
534
503
327
2,543
706
618
561
541
2,543
2,169
2,189
329
123
8
6
6
Place of Origin: European
Vintage Metal Clawfoot Planter
Located in High Point, NC
These rustic planters are a playful interpretation on typical zinc garden-ware. Inspired by traditional outdoor pitchers, wash-bins and basins, this metal planter is weather resistan...
Category
1940s Rustic Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Metal, Zinc
Large Vintage Mediterranean Mosaic Planter
Located in Atlanta, GA
This is a wonderful 20th Century large mosaic urn-shaped planter from the Mediterranean region. It is handcrafted from ceramic tiles set into concrete having a black and white floral...
Category
20th Century Greco Roman European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Concrete
Pair of William and Mary pattern Lead urns.
Located in Alton, GB
Pair of William and Mary pattern Lead urns. Made in the 19th century by the Bulbeck Foundry. With two handles in the form of caryatids and acanthus leaves, framing a gadrooned urn, d...
Category
Late 19th Century William and Mary Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Lead
English Faux Bois Pair of Planters
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
A whimsical pair of early 20th century English faux bois planters to add organic texture to any interior or patio. The reconstituted stone (a concrete mixture) has the familiar stria...
Category
20th Century Country European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Concrete
Willy Guhl Planter with Coaster for Eternit, Mid-Century Modern Design
By Eternit, Willy Guhl
Located in Bad Säckingen, DE
This vintage planter by Swiss designer Willy Guhl for Eternit is an iconic example of Mid-Century Modern garden design. Crafted from durable fiber cement, it features a distinctive f...
Category
1960s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Cement
Large Majolica Orchid Cache Pot Fives Lille, circa 1890
By Fives-Lille
Located in Austin, TX
Large Majolica cache pot in two parts decorated with orchids Fives Lille, circa 1890.
H / 9.5 inches , D / 10.5 inches.
Rare size.
Category
1890s Art Nouveau Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Ceramic
Vintage Italian Brass-Finish Plant Stand (circa 1960s)
Located in London, GB
Vintage Italian brass-finish plant stand (circa 1960s). For plant lovers who are searching for a greenery receptacle with vintage character and boundless style, this is for you. Disc...
Category
1960s Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Brass
19th century copper log bin / garden planter
Located in Budleigh Salterton, GB
Very decorative 19th century copper cheese pot , which makes a great log bin or garden planter
French circa 1850’s
Height 12 inches
Width 27 inches
Depth 25 inches
Category
1850s Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Copper
Hollywood Regency Foliage Tall Planter Jardinière or Drinks Stand in Gilt Iron
Located in Barcelona, ES
Large Hollywood Regency rectangular tall jardinière or drinks corner, Gold leaf, gilt iron, France, 1940s.
This elegant tall plant stand is entirely made by hand. It features a leafe...
Category
20th Century Hollywood Regency European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Iron, Wrought Iron, Gold Leaf
Willy Guhl Planters Set of 2 for Eternit, Mid-Century Modern Clam Shell Design
By Eternit, Willy Guhl
Located in Bad Säckingen, DE
This striking pair of sculptural planters was designed by Willy Guhl for Eternit in the mid-20th century. Crafted from fiber cement, these biomorphic planters feature an organic, und...
Category
1970s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Cement
Pair of Greek Reproduction Terracotta Pots
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
Pair of reproduction terracotta pots, or planters, made on the island of Crete, Greece using centuries if not millennia-old techniques to achieve their bulbous forms decorated with p...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Other European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Terracotta
Large Carved Stone Rectangular Trough English Garden Feature Planter on Pedestal
Located in Llanbrynmair, GB
A large characterful 19th Century antique stone planter on pedestal, beautifully weathered appearance, with a weathered patina of moss and lichen that gives the piece an established,...
Category
19th Century Victorian Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Stone, Sandstone
Willy Guhl 'Diabolo' Spindel Planter - Eternit AG, Switzerland
By Willy Guhl, Eternit
Located in Bern, CH
Concrete 'Diabolo' Spindel planter by Swiss designer, Willy Guhl. Produced by Eternit AG. Made in Switzerland 1960 - 1970.
Iconic mid century Swiss design. Perfect for garden, terra...
Category
Mid-20th Century Minimalist European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Concrete
large architectural PLANTER conical shape willy guhl eternit plant pot 1950s
By Eternit, Willy Guhl
Located in Mannheim, DE
1950's plant pot designed by Swiss architects Willy Guhl and Anton Bee in 1951. It is made of stone grey fiber cement.
For outdoor use only!
Dimensions in cm:
Height 25.5 cm, diame...
Category
1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Cement
Cast iron relief by Anna Petrus for Näfveqvarns Bruk, Sweden, ca 1925
By Anna Petrus, Nafveqvarns Bruk
Located in Stockholm, SE
Striking relief by Anna Petrus, made from cast iron. Beautiful, energetic motif of a lion with a flowing mane on its back paws, great attention to detail.
Anna Petrus was a Swedish ...
Category
1920s Scandinavian Modern Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Iron
Signed Jardinière & Pedestal Glazed Ceramic by Weller Dickens Ware
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Signed jardinière & pedestal glazed ceramic by Weller Dickens Ware.
Early 20th century
Each piece marked for Weller to underside
Each glazed cerami...
Category
Early 20th Century European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Ceramic, Paint
18th c. French Anduze Jardiniere Vase
Located in Wichita, KS
An unusually small French terracotta Anduze jardiniere. A rare find. This piece has a beautiful worn glaze of green and faded ochre with traditional swags in raised relief. There is ...
Category
18th Century Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Terracotta
Pair of Handmade Wicker Urns with Rectangular Bases and Iron Structure
Located in Marbella, ES
Pair of Handmade Wicker Urns with Rectangular Bases and Iron Structure
Category
2010s European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Iron
Pair of Greek Reproduction Terracotta Pots
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
A pair of reproduction terracotta pots, or planters, made on the island of Crete, Greece using centuries if not millennia-old techniques to achieve their bulbous forms decorated with...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Other European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Terracotta
Large Rare Mid-Century Mobach Ceramic Trough Planter
By Mobach
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Mid-Century green and brown mottled Mobach planter. This signed heavy, large, linear ceramic trough floats on two full-width angled feet. We rarely see Mobach Ceramics this large! In...
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Ceramic
Greek Reproduction Terracotta Pot
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
Greek reproduction terracotta pot, or planter, made on the island of Crete using centuries if not millennia-old techniques to achieve their specialized forms decorated with a ringed ...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Other European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Terracotta
Large 19th century copper log bin / garden planter
Located in Budleigh Salterton, GB
Very decorative 19th century copper cheese making pot
French circa 1850’s would make a great log bin / garden planter
Height 15 inches
Width 29 inches
Depth 43 inches
Category
1850s Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Copper
19th Century Pair of English Stone Planters
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
This classic pair of English rectangular planters are the perfect addition to your garden or sunny interior. Made of reconstituted stone with geometric trellis motif for a touch of s...
Category
19th Century Neoclassical Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Stone
Jugendstil Josef Hoffman/ Wiener Werkstätte Flower-Table Flower Stand, Reedition
By Wiener Werkstätte, Woka Lamps, Josef Hoffmann
Located in Vienna, AT
Flower-table from the very early phase of the Wiener Werkstatte, circa 1903-1905. Exhibition: Moderne Vergangenheit, Wien 1981, Nr. 253 sowie Titelabb.; Exhib.- Kat, Josef Hoffmann W...
Category
2010s Jugendstil European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Brass
Large Wiener Werkstaette Koloman Moser Flower Stand, Jardiniere, Re-Edition
By Wiener Werkstätte, Woka Lamps, Koloman Moser
Located in Vienna, AT
Designed and originally manufactured for the early showrooms of the Wiener Werkstaette in Vienna VII, Neustiftgasse 32-34 - Model# M 0182
The diameter of the pots is 16cm
Punched i...
Category
2010s Jugendstil European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Iron
21st Century Pair of Paddington Blue French Orangerie Planters
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Fashionable in Paris during the 18th and 19th Centuries, this style of French planter box was often used to flank grand entrances with citrus trees or topiaries.
Benjamin Moore Col...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Metal, Aluminum
Massive Spanish Copper Cauldron with Iron Hook Handles
Located in Barcelona, ES
Oversized hand-hammered copper cauldron with iron hook handles. Spain, early 20th century.
This handcrafted copper cauldron has a terrific aged patina. It has an iron rim on the top ...
Category
Early 20th Century Rustic European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Copper, Iron, Wrought Iron
Reconstituted Stone Swan Planter, English Early 20th Century
Located in South Salem, NY
The concrete swan planter embodies both beauty and functionality in a single piece. This lovely model retains much of its original black and yellow paint. With its graceful curved ne...
Category
1960s Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Concrete
French Small Art Deco Blue Enamelled Cast Iron Wood/Coal Stove
Located in Labrit, Landes
Small Art Nouveau period wood/coal stove in blue enamelled cast iron, decorated with a classical vegetal motives.
It is sold purely for decoration.
This can be used as a plant holder...
Category
Early 1900s Art Nouveau Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Iron
Huge Primitive Wabi Sabi Late 18th C. Portuguese Stone Vessel
Located in London, GB
A huge carved stone vessel from the southern Portuguese town of Estremoz.
Very primitive utilitarian design, likely used as basin or below a fountain.
Perfect for planting.
Category
18th Century Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Stone
French 19th Century Terracotta Jar
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
A French provincial unglazed olive oil jar from Biot, France circa 1780. This patinated jar has lots of character and patina consistent with its age. Perfect for styling as a sculptu...
Category
19th Century Other Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Terracotta
Rattan Large Round Planter / Basket with Ring Handles and Brass Rim, Italy 1970
Located in Barcelona, ES
Beautiful Mid-Century Modern rattan pencil reed large planter or basket. Handcrafted in Italy, 1970s.
Round shaped rattan structure with brass rim and ring handles at both sides. Ins...
Category
20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Brass
Massive Spanish Copper Cauldron with Iron Handles
Located in Barcelona, ES
Oversized hand-hammered copper cauldron with iron handles, Spain, 1930s-1940s.
This handcrafted copper cauldron has a dramatic aged patina. The copper nicely addorned by decorative h...
Category
20th Century European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Copper, Iron
Massive French Copper Cauldron with Iron Handles
Located in Barcelona, ES
Oversized hand-hammered copper cauldron with iron handles. France, early 20th century.
This handcrafted copper cauldron has a terrific aged patina. The copper is heavily adorned by t...
Category
20th Century French Provincial European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Copper, Iron
Large Vintage Jardiniere Pot, Italian, Terracotta, Outdoor, Garden Planter, 1970
Located in Hele, Devon, GB
This is a large vintage jardiniere pot. An Italian, terracotta outdoor garden planter, dating to the late 20th century, circa 1970.
Of superb prop...
Category
Late 20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Terracotta
Mid-Century Willy Guhl "Vasque" Cement Planter for Eternit
By Willy Guhl, Eternit
Located in Los Angeles, CA
1950s "Vasque" cement planter designed by Willy Guhl for Eternit. Planter has a large wide bowl with pedestal base. Guhl (1915-2004), a Swiss modernist design pioneer, created iconic...
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Cement
21st Century Pair of French Black Orangerie Planters
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Fashionable in Paris during the 18th and 19th Centuries, this style of French planter box was often used to flank grand entrances with citrus trees or topiaries.
Benjamin Moore Bl...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Metal, Aluminum
rare large art déco PLANT POT flower pot 1930s ceramic dumler breiden drip glaze
By Dümler & Breiden
Located in Mannheim, DE
Rare large 1930s ceramic plant pot with multicolor drip glaze on beige and brown. Manufactured by Duemler & Breiden. Marked to bottom DB HÖHR 130/26.
Dimensions in cm:
Height 20 cm...
Category
1930s Art Deco Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Ceramic
Three Rattan Bamboo Planters / Baskets with Brass Rim, Italy, 1970s
Located in Barcelona, ES
Set of Three Mid-Century Modern rattan planters / baskets with brass rims. Italy, 1970s
Three rattan baskets in different sizes. The larger one in squared shape and the smallers roun...
Category
20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Brass
Kugge 41 Flower Pot from Ringvide, Pine, Natural or Pigmented Oil, Scandinavian
By Lukas Dahlén
Located in Visby, SE
Kugge flower pot
We are all a cog in the machinery of life, let us strive to be a force that lifts and does not lower.
The top of the pot resembles the shape of a gear wheel...
Category
2010s Scandinavian Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Pine
Handcrafted Oversized Glazed Terracotta Planters Geometric Pattern Design Small
Located in Alcoy, Alicante
43/1 Elevate your home or garden with these exquisite oversized glazed terracotta planters, each a testament to the artistry and dedication of our artisan team. These planters are no...
Category
2010s Spanish Colonial European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Clay
French Small Art Deco Blue Enamelled Cast Iron Wood/Coal Stove
Located in Labrit, Landes
Small classical style wood/coal stove in blue enamelled cast iron, decorated with a garland of flowers.
From French Mirus manufacture.
It is sold purely for decoration.
This can be u...
Category
Early 1900s Art Deco Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Iron
Spanish Rustic Iron Cauldron Pot or Vessel with Rusty Original Patina
Located in Barcelona, ES
Primitive Rustic Iron Cauldron from the northern part of Spain, 1920s
Made in molded cast iron, originally used for cooking.
This iron vessel is heavily constructed, it is strong ...
Category
Early 20th Century Rustic European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Iron
Vintage French Turned Column Screw Plinth, Reminiscent of Charles Dudouyt
By Charles Dudouyt
Located in London Road, Baldock, Hertfordshire
A French plinth with a turned column stem, reminiscent of Charles Dudouyt designs.
The plinth form most probably dates from the early 20th Ce...
Category
Early 20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Wood
Large Antique Well Bucket, English, Georgian, Planter, Fireside Store, Garden
Located in Hele, Devon, GB
This is a distinguished antique Georgian period well bucket, offering charming rustic appeal and versatile use, circa 1800. This estate-made antique boasts pleasingly naïve craftsmanship and a wonderful time-worn aesthetic.
Former country estate well bucket, ideal as a decorative planter or fireside fuel store
Presents a desirable aged patina and pleasingly rustic order
Aged pine and elm stocks, displaying warm caramel hues and rich natural grain
Pleasingly naïve craftsmanship, exuding traditional country house character
Broad handle with a gracefully time-worn patina, enhancing its authentic charm
Generous proportions, offering practicality and decorative presence
Suitable for all fuel types, including logs, coal and kindling
This is a superb antique well bucket...
Category
Early 1800s Georgian Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Elm, Pine
Original Josef Hoffmann & Wiener Werkstatte Vienna Secessonist Flower Stand
By Josef Hoffmann, Wiener Werkstätte, Woka Lamps
Located in Vienna, AT
A typical work from the early period of the Wiener Werkstatte. Punched iron sheet, white lacquered. See similar items - Wiener Werkstatte pattern books as displayed. No signature.
Category
Early 1900s Jugendstil Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Metal
21st Century Pair of White French Orangerie Planters
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Fashionable in Paris during the 18th and 19th Centuries, this style of French planter box was often used to flank grand entrances with citrus trees ...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Metal, Aluminum
Italian Marbleized Swirl Terracotta Planter Pot, Italy, 1970s
By Bitossi
Located in Miami, FL
Italian terra cotta planter flowerpot rendered in a beautiful marbleized swirl terracotta in shades of red, white, and buff. Marked Italy on the bottom.
Category
Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Terracotta
Rattan Umbrella Stand with Brass Rim, Italy 1970s
Located in Barcelona, ES
Beautiful Mid-Century Modern decorative brass and bamboo / rattan umbrella stand, tall planter or paper bin. Handcrafted in Italy, 1970s.
Round shape hand woven rattan structure with...
Category
20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Brass
19th Century Small Majolica Floral Jardinière Onnaing
Located in Austin, TX
19th-century small square Majolica floral jardinière Onnaing.
Sand background.
Category
1890s Art Nouveau Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Faience, Ceramic
Antique Carved Granite Farm Trough from Normandy, France, 19th Century
Located in Dallas, TX
This large hand-carved granite farm trough was discovered on a property in Normandy, France. The gray stone has developed patination that gives accents of green, ochre, and brown. Gr...
Category
19th Century Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Stone, Granite
19th Century English Iron Garden Plant Stand - Antique Victorian Floral Holder
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
An antique Victorian period six pot plant holder in white painted cast iron with perforated plates, in good condition. Geometrical decoration on scroll cast iron frame adorned by fol...
Category
19th Century Victorian Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Metal, Iron
Antique Capodimonte Ceramic Swan jardiniere 1880
By Capodimonte
Located in Den Haag, NL
Very nice Swan jardiniere . Capodimonte Ceramic italy .
normal wear and tear . Beautiful piece . signed .
Category
1880s Victorian Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Ceramic
English Pair of Large Art Deco Planters
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
Fabulous pair of English garden planters from the Art Deco period in quatrefoil shape with tactile, scalloped texture draping the exterior. The light color, reconstituted stone is gr...
Category
20th Century Art Deco European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Concrete
Large Majolica Thistle Jardinière Onnaing, circa 1880
By Onnaing
Located in Austin, TX
Large Majolica thistle jardinière Onnaing, circa 1880.
Height / 9.5 inches.
Diameter / 13 inches.
Category
1880s Aesthetic Movement Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Ceramic
Antique Smelting Pot
Located in Baton Rouge, LA
This large antique smelting pot was used for glass blowing and is a great example of industrial art. It is an object that was made to serve a pur...
Category
Early 20th Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Stone
Large Italian Woven Rattan and Brass Planter
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Large Italian Woven Rattan and Brass Planter, Italy, circa 1970s
This impressive Italian-woven rattan and brass planter, crafted in the 1970s, epitomizes the elegant yet natural Mid...
Category
Late 20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Brass
21st Century Pair of White French Orangerie Planters
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
Fashionable in Paris during the 18th and 19th Centuries, this style of French planter box was often used to flank grand entrances with citrus trees ...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Metal, Aluminum
Bretby Planter, Majolica Jardiniere, Green Art Nouveau Style c.1890
By Bretby Ceramics
Located in Glasgow, GB
A green glazed majolica jardinière/planter, handcrafted in England towards the end of the 19th century by the renowned potters Bretby.
This decorative set comprises a ceramic plante...
Category
1890s Art Nouveau Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Majolica
Majolica White Swan Jardinière Delphin Massier, circa 1890
By Delphin Massier
Located in Austin, TX
Majolica white swan jardinière Delphin Massier Vallauris, circa 1890.
Category
1890s Art Nouveau Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Majolica
Glazed Ceramic Flowerpot by Morillo Bros, Málaga, 1940s
Located in Benalmadena, ES
This original mid-century Malagueña ceramic flowerpot with green details, created by the renowned Cerámica Hermanos Morillo, is a standout example of traditional Málaga craftsmanship. Founded in 1941 by José Morillo, the creator of this type of flowerpot among other beautiful pieces, it features the iconic and unmistakable design of handles with knotted fabric in relief, which became a hallmark of Malagueña craftsmanship. The pottery was originally located in Colonia Santa Inés, within the grounds of the significant and historic Cerámica Santa Inés factory, established in 1879. Pieces from Cerámica Hermanos Morillo have decorated emblematic places such as Picasso's Birthplace and the Museum of Popular Arts, reflecting their deep roots in Málaga's culture.
What makes this flowerpot special is its history and artisanal quality. Each piece is handmade, following traditional techniques passed down through generations. The flowerpot is not just a decorative item but also a testament to Málaga's rich cultural heritage, reflecting the dedication and skill required to create such a piece, as well as its rarity and authenticity.
History and provenance: This flowerpot is part of a pottery tradition dating back to the 1940s. Cerámica Hermanos Morillo closed its doors in 1999 but left a lasting legacy in Malagueña craftsmanship. The pieces from this pottery are now collector's items, valued for their quality and connection to Andalusian history.
This flowerpot has been crafted using unique artisanal processes, utilizing clay extracted from the quarry, now known as the Laguna de la Barrera. This environment has influenced the uniqueness of the pieces, making them one of a kind.
This Malagueña ceramic flowerpot is more than just a plant...
Category
1940s Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Ceramic
Herend Hungary Porcelain Apponyi Brown Ram Head Cachepot
By Herend
Located in Delft, NL
Herend Hungary porcelain apponyi brown ram head cachepot.
Herend Hungary porcelain cachepot in pattern Apponyi Brown with ram heads as handles
M...
Category
20th Century European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Porcelain
19th Century French Majolica jardinière Onnaing
By Onnaing
Located in Austin, TX
French Majolica jardinière signed Onnaing, circa 1880.
Measures: H / 9.3”, 12” by 9”.
Category
1880s Victorian Antique European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Ceramic
Michel Dumas for Roche Bobois Smoked Plexi Planter with Inset Aluminum Dish
By Roche Bobois, Michel Dumas
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Michel Dumas for Roche Bobois, 1970's, smoked plexiglass planter with purple tint and inset aluminum dish. Attractive round drum planter ideal for an outdoor space or patio. In origi...
Category
1970s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Planters and Jardinieres
Materials
Aluminum
