1930s Figurative Sculptures
to
11
71
19
12
5
6
Overall Width
to
Overall Height
to
190
522
2,023
7,722
56
54
94
113
58
123
130
165
219
270
60
46
15
1
68
51
44
43
42
24
16
9
9
8
7
5
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
62
51
20
17
12
4
4
3
3
2
60
53
Period: 1930s
Portrait of Albert Dubarry
Located in PARIS, FR
Portrait of Albert Dubarry
by Léon-Ernest DRIVIER (1878-1951)
Bronze with a nuanced greenish dark brown patina
signed "Drivier"
cast by "Montagutelli, Paris, cire perdue" (with the ...
Category
French School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Charming French Art Deco Bronze Nude by F. Trinque, 1930
Located in Dallas, TX
French Art Deco bronze sitting nude by F. Trinque, 1930. A gorgeous Art Deco woman stretching her arms and drying her back with a towel possibly after a swim or bath with a rich gold...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Woman with flowers on head, terracotta, 1930s-40s, Giorgio Rossi (1894-1981).
Located in Firenze, IT
Woman with flowers on head, terracotta, 1930s-40s, Giorgio Rossi (1894-1981). Tuscan Sculptor.
Terracotta modeled by hand by the artist. Unique piece.
Dimensions: Height 53 cm.
The...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta
Portrait of boy, terracotta sculpture, 1930s-40s, Giorgio Rossi (1894-1981).
Located in Firenze, IT
Portrait of boy, terracotta sculpture, 1930s-40s, Giorgio Rossi (1894-1981). Tuscan Sculptor.
Terracotta modeled by hand by the artist. Unique piece.
Dimensions: Height 31 cm.
The...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta
"Nkondi Bakongo Fetish - Zaire, " Wood, Cloth, Nails, & Twine created in c. 1930
Located in Milwaukee, WI
"Nkondi Bakongo Fetish - Zaire" is a sculpture created out of wood, cloth, nails, and twine in circa 1930. This statue is large and formidable. The figure's limbs are wrapped up in a...
Category
Tribal 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood, Other Medium
The Trapdoor
Located in Roma, RM
Arturo Martini (Treviso 1889 - Milan 1947), La Botola (1930 / 1933)
Terracotta sculpture 34 x 42 x 9 cm signed lower left; label of Galleria del Milione, Milan, on back.
Provenance...
Category
Italian School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta
Pair of bookends with Elephants
By Ary Bitter
Located in PARIS, FR
Pair of bookends with Elephants
by Ary BITTER (1883-1973)
A very fine pair of bronze sculptures with old gilded nuanced dark brown patina
Signed " Ary Bitter Sclp " on an original plaque
Old cast by Susse Frères
Raised on wooden bases
France
Circa 1935
total height for one: 27,5 cm
total height for the other: 17 cm
Biography:
Ary Jean Léon...
Category
French School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Foal
Located in PARIS, FR
Foal
by Berthe MARTINIE (1883-1958)
Sculpture in bronze with a black patina
Signed twice " Martinie " on the base
With the foundry stamp " Valsuani "
France
circa 1935
height 21,2 cm
A similar model is exhibited at the Museum of Modern art in Paris (Inv. AMS 3).
Biography :
Berthe Martinie (1883-1958), was a French painter and sculptor. From 1906 to 1908, she studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, in the only studio open to women, that of the painter Ferdinand Humbert (1842-1934). In 1913, Berthe married Henri Martinie, journalist and art critic, who supported her throughout her career. The beginnings of her family life and the First World War nevertheless marked an interruption in her creation.
Berthe Martinie frequented the sculptors Robert Wlerick (1882-1944) and Jean Carton...
Category
French School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Hollywood
By Philip Paval
Located in West Hollywood, CA
Philip Paval was a sculptor and silversmith who worked primarily in Los Angeles. He was known as a Hollywood Artist, as he affiliated with many of the Hol...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Brass
Art Deco Tragic Mask in Silver-plated Ceramic by Guido Cacciapuoti 1930s
Located in Milano, IT
Cacciapuoti Tragic Mask, Art Dèco figurative sculpture by Neapolitan artist Guido Cacciapuoti (Naples 1892- Milan 1953) depicting a tragic mask, made of ceramic, hand-molded and sil...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
Woman and Child, Early 20th Century Ceramic, Female Cleveland School Artist
Located in Beachwood, OH
Thelma Frazier Winter (American, 1903-1977)
Woman and Child, c. 1935
Glazed stoneware, painted plaster
14 x 7 x 5.875 inches
Thelma Frazier Wint...
Category
1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Stoneware, Plaster, Glaze
Untitled (Hulda Goeller)
Located in Los Angeles, CA
This sculpture is part of our exhibition Charles Goeller: A Wistful Loneliness.
Carved and painted wood and gesso, 23 x 15 3/4 x 3 inches, Signed verso "Carved by Charles L. Goeller...
Category
American Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Gesso, Wood
Phi Beta Red Kappa
Located in West Hollywood, CA
American artist Burton Freund worked in Chicago in the 1930's and 1940’s for the FAP (Federal Arts Project) as an illustrator and sculptor.
These original wood sculptures are time capsules of the 1930's and 1940's, hand carved out of solid wood including their bases. Walking the train platform in Chicago in 1938, the artist saw a "Red Cap" porter with a Phi Beta Kappa key hanging around his neck. When asked, the porter...
Category
American Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Panther licking
By André Vincent Becquerel
Located in PARIS, FR
Panther licking
by André-Vincent BECQUEREL (1893-1981)
A bronze sculpture with nuanced green patina
Signed on the base " Becquerel "
Old edition cast
Presented on a wooden base
Fra...
Category
French School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Head of Young Boy
Located in Roma, IT
This head of young boy is a rare, precious and unpublished sculpture by Marino Marini, belonging to a private collection for over 60 years.
The same subject...
Category
Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Art Deco Venetian Mask Handcarved Wood Panel Wall Sculpture
Located in Atlanta, GA
This superb French Art Deco wooden panel or wall-mounted sculpture features a spectacular Venetian mask and was hand-crafted in the 1930s. The sculpted panel boasts finely detailed c...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Terracotta Galloping Horse. Signed by Giorgio Rossi (1894-1981)
Located in Firenze, IT
Terracotta galloping horse.
Signed on the base by the sculptor Giorgio Rossi (1894-1981).
Period: 1930-40
Terracotta modeled by hand by the artist. Unique piece.
Dimensions: Heigh...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta
Nude Walking, Early 20th Century Bronze Sculpture, Cleveland School Artist
By Max Kalish
Located in Beachwood, OH
Max Kalish (American, 1891-1945)
Nude Walking, 1930
Bronze
Signed and dated on base
17 x 9 x 4 inches
Born in Poland March 1, 1891, figurative sculptor Max Kalish came to the United States in 1894, his family settling in Ohio. A talented youth, Kalish enrolled at the Cleveland Institute of Art as a fifteen-year-old, receiving a first-place award for modeling the figure during studies with Herman Matzen. Kalish went to New York City following graduation, studying with Isidore Konti and Herbert Adams...
Category
American Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
1930 French Bronze Figure of a Lurcher Dog on Stone Base
Located in Beachwood, OH
Jules Edmond Masson (French, 1871–1932)
Bronze Figure of a Lurcher Dog, 1930
Bronze with brownish green patination, on a fitted stone base
The base inset with a bronze plaque reading...
Category
1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Stone, Bronze
Boy playing the shawm / - The transience of sounds -
Located in Berlin, DE
Hans Harders (1875 Mörel - 1955 Berlin), Boy playing the shawm, around 1930. Dark patinated bronze with round plinth on a black marble base (2 cm high), t...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Woman with Two Borzoi Dogs
Located in Saratoga Springs, NY
Monumental, Art Nouveau, Bronze Sculpture – Anonymous (20th Century)
“Woman with Two Borzoi Dogs”
6 feet 7 inches high x 3 feet 3 inches wide x 2 feet 5 inches wide
Medium: Silvered, patinaed and painted bronze
Provenance: Maxwell House...
Category
Art Nouveau 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Portrait of Italo Balbo - Original Wooden Sculpture by Marco Novati - 1930s
Located in Roma, IT
Signed lower right: Marco Novati
Italo Balbo was one of the key figures of Italian fascism, being among the four quadrumvirs of the March toward Rome whic...
Category
1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Ceremonial Figure w/Vessel For Offering. Nigeria-Yoruba
Located in Milwaukee, WI
African
Wood
c1930
Ceremonial Figure w/Vessel For Offering. Nigeria-Yoruba
32 1/2 x 16 x 10"
Category
1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Art Deco Expressionist Bronze Judaica Rabbi Sculpture Los Angeles Modernist
By Peter Krasnow
Located in Surfside, FL
Bronze Jewish Rabbi. Original Patina. Art-deco wood carved base. It is signed with initials P.K. and marked "Calif Art Bronze Fdry LA" (California Art Bronze Foundry Los Angeles). it is not dated.
PETER KRASNOW (1886-1979), Russian-Ukrainian, American artist painter and sculptor, born Feivish Reisberg, was a California modernist and colorist artist known for his abstract wood sculptures and architectonic hard-edge paintings and drawings which were often based on Hebrew calligraphy and other subjects related to his Jewish heritage...
Category
Expressionist 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Fregoli - Sculpture by Arrighini Nicola - 1930
Located in Roma, IT
Arrighini Nicola (Pietrasanta 1905-1977) a sculptor of Pietrasanta (Italy) in 1930 decided to create, in white Carrara marble on black marble basis, the Mask of Leopoldo Fregoli, o...
Category
Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Marble
Sculpture of head done by Werkstatte Hagenauer Wien
Located in Houston, TX
Sculpture of a head. Done from patinated bronze.
Inscribed "Werkstatte Hagenauer Wien" on the bottom
Austria, c. 1930s
18"h x 11"w x 11"d
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Italian Animal Bronze : Battling Rams by Sirio Tofanari
Located in Gent, VOV
A very rare bronze cast of two battling Rams, by Sirio Tofanari (1886-1969). An old cast with a dark brown shaded patina. On a heavy green marble steppe...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Marble, Bronze
Portrait of a woman
Located in PARIS, FR
Portrait of a woman
by Marcel GIMOND (1894-1961)
Bronze with a nuanced dark brown patina
signed on the neck with the monogram "MG"
period cast by "Meroni Radice, cire perdue, Paris"...
Category
French School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
The Falconer, Art Deco British Plaster Sculpture by Richard Garbe RA
Located in London, GB
RICHARD GARBE, RA
(1876-1957)
The Falconer
Signed and dated on the reverse: Richard Garbe, ARA / 1932
Patinated plaster
49.5 cm., 19 ½ in. high
Proven...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Plaster
Golf (Wall Plaque)
Located in Fairlawn, OH
Golf (Wall Plaque)
Polychromed ceramic, c. 1930-1
Signed with the artist's initials: VS recto
Very rare, only a few produced prior to the closure of Cowan Pottery
Format: Round ceramic plate, 11 1/4 inches
Designed by the artist while working for Cowan Pottery in 1930. One of Cowan's clients, an interior designer, requested plates decorated with different outdoor activities. Others in the series included "Swimming," "Tennis," "Polo," and "The Hunt."
According to Henry Adams, the number of examples created was very limited due to the closing of Cowan Pottery in 1931. Very rare
Condition: Good, with the usual craquelure of the glazes used.
Note: Industrial design democratizes high style, and Mr. Schreckengost was widely considered among the most democratic industrial designers. He made, quite literally, the stuff of life — things found routinely in homes, backyards and garages in this country and around the world. He designed bicycles for Sears and everyday china for American Limoges. He designed children’s toys and pedal cars; flashlights, furniture and fans; lawn chairs, lawn mowers and golf carts; baby walkers and artificial limbs.
In 2006 Mr. Schreckengost was awarded the National Medal of Arts, the country’s highest cultural honor. His work is in the permanent collection of major museums, including the Renwick Gallery, the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum and the Art Institute of Chicago.
Mr. Schreckengost belonged to the first great generation of American industrial designers, which included luminaries like Russel Wright, Norman Bel Geddes and Raymond Loewy.
The lights of New York...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
Ernst Barlach Bronze Christ Mask VI, 1931
Located in Berlin, DE
Bronze with light gold patina, 1931. Numbered 6/11, signed. Foundry stamp: H. Noack Berlin
Width: 4.8 in ( 12,2 cm ), Depth: 3.31 in ( 8,4 cm ), Height: 6.1 in ( 15,5 cm )
Category
1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
"Idgo Nigeria Female Standing, " Wood Statue with Blue & White Pigment
Located in Milwaukee, WI
"Idgo Nigeria Female Standing" is a wooden statue with blue and white pigment created in Nigeria circa 1930. This figure stands up right with arms out slightly in front of her. A st...
Category
Tribal 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Art Deco Bronze Bust of Helen Coolidge Wooding by Burr Miller 1939
Located in Long Island City, NY
Artist: Burr Miller (1904-1958)
Title: Bust of Helen Coolidge Woodring
Year: 1939
Medium: Patinated Bronze, signed, titled, and dated on verso
Size: 14.5 x 7.5 x 9 in. (36.83 x 19.05...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Keith Murray Pottery designed for Wedgwood in the 1930's
Located in Brookville, NY
Keith Murray Pottery 6" matte green vessel. Excellent condition, normal wear on the bottom. We also have a larger collection of Keith Murray pottery in large Moonstone and Bombe, celadon polished glaze bowls and many others. Please contact for further details and photographs. Keith Murray was both an architect and industrial designer, considered one of the most famous industrial designers for art deco ceramics.
This green piece photographed, has a matching one in yellow. Each are 950.00 or $1700. for the pair. We have an extensive collection of his pieces, many not illustrated here. Please inquire for further photographs.
All from Keith Murray designed for Wedgwood in the 1930' and illustrated in the book "Wedgwood Ceramics...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Clay
Polo (Wall Plaque)
Located in Fairlawn, OH
Polo (Wall Plaque)
Polychromed ceramic, c. 1930-1931
Signed with the artist's initials: VS recto
Cowan Pottery stamp verso
References And Exhibitions:
Designed by the artist while working for Cowan Pottery in 1930. One of Cowan's clients, an interior designer, requested plates decorated with different outdoor activities. Others in the series included "Swimming," "Tennis," "Golf," and "The Hunt."
Condition: with the usual craquelure
Size: 11 1/4 inches in diameter
Industrial design democratizes high style, and Mr. Schreckengost was widely considered among the most democratic industrial designers. He made, quite literally, the stuff of life — things found routinely in homes, backyards and garages in this country and around the world. He designed bicycles for Sears and everyday china for American Limoges. He designed children’s toys and pedal cars; flashlights, furniture and fans; lawn chairs, lawn mowers...
Category
American Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
"SAM HOUSTON" HORN CARVING 1936 TEXAS CENTENNIAL AMAZING WORK
Located in San Antonio, TX
Dan Super "SAM HOUSTON"
(1873-1953)
Houston Artist
Image Size: 3 3/4 inches tall
Medium: Carved Horn of Sam Houston to celebrate the Texas Centennial.
Texas Centennial 1936
"Sam Houston Pin Cushion Holder"
Biography
Dan Super (1873-1953)
Dan E. Super, Jr. (1873 – 1953) Dan Super had the eye of a sculptor, envisioning and then creating hundreds of objects from the elongated form of a Texas Longhorn’s tusk. At the age of six, Dan Super carved his first drawing into a piece of the horn of a Texas Longhorn. Over the next 56 years, he made utilitarian pieces like pencil cups, pin cushions, and backscratchers, realistic replicas of animals and birds, and imaginative carvings of elegant nudes. While these carvings resemble the traditional art of scrimshaw, carvings from whale bone, we’ve not been able to identify another carver who used the Texas Longhorn as his material. “My work is done with an ordinary pocketknife, hacksaw file and rasp,” Super wrote in 1937. He used the horn in every way conceivable; whole, allowing the shape to define the object he was making, flattened to make mosaic or inlay work. He incised and pierced it and carved in the round. His own hands polished the horn to a sheen. Daniel Super, Jr. was born in Houston on August 22, 1873. His father owned stock years, D. Super and Brothers Co., providing the young Super with ready access to his raw material. Throughout his life, he worked in the businesses key to the identity and success of young, booming Houston, cattle, oil, real estate and rail. In 1896 he married Lula, and took over the family business, expanding it to include a grocery. He closed the company in 1912 and got into the oil business...
Category
Realist 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Other Medium
Alvin Ailey
Located in Wien, 9
John William Mills (born 4 March 1933, London) is an English sculptor.
He studied at Hammersmith School of Art, 1947–54, and at the Royal College of Art, 1956–60. He was a resident ...
Category
Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Granite, Bronze
Art Deco bronze sculpture two panther heads.
By Irénée Rochard
Located in Antwerp, BE
Art Deco bronze sculpture two panther heads by Irenee Rochard, France 1930.
The bronze has a green patina and stands on a Belgian Black marble base.
Information on the artist:
Ani...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Ducks
Located in PARIS, FR
Ducks
by Josette HEBERT-COEFFIN (1906-1973)
Sculpture made in stone
signed on the base "J. H. Coëffin"
France
circa 1930
height 10 cm
width 16,5 cm
depth 14,1 cm
Biography :
Jose...
Category
French School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Limestone
Animal Bronze: Lying eagle by Alberic Collin (close friend of Rembrandt Bugatti)
Located in Gent, VOV
Numbered 1/8
Cast Fonderie Rocher
A fine cast with a vivid green patina of a bird of prey
Category
1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Portrait boy
Located in Pasadena, CA
Marble portrait of a boy in 1930 not signed
Category
Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Marble
Roaring Lionness
Located in Gent, VOV
A fine quality, twentieth-century bronze model of a roaring lioness by Alberic Collin (Belgian 1886-1962). Prior to casting by the Valsuani foundry it w...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Ena Rottenberg Glass Sculpture, 1937, Nude Figure “Modell”
Located in Phoenix, AZ
Ena Rottenberg (1893-1952) art glass sculpture titled "Modell.”
Made in Czechoslovakia. Marked “Rottenberg” 13" H.
This piece was awarded the Grand Prix at the World’s Fair Paris, 19...
Category
Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Glass
Parrotlet
Located in PARIS, FR
Parrotlet
by Armand PETERSEN (1891-1969) & SEVRES Manufacture
Sculpture in white paste porcelain
Signed « A. Petersen »
Old edition artwork. Stamped by the porcelain manufacture of ...
Category
French School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Porcelain
Portrait of a Man
Located in PARIS, FR
Portrait of a Man
by Marcel GIMOND (1894-1961)
Bronze with a very nuanced dark brown patina
signed on the neck with the monogram "MG"
period cast by "Meroni Radice, cire perdue, Par...
Category
French School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Pair of bookends with Elephants
By Ary Bitter
Located in PARIS, FR
Pair of bookends with Elephants
by Ary BITTER (1883-1973)
A very fine pair of bronze sculptures with a nuanced green patina
Signed " Ary Bitter Sclp " on an original plaque on one o...
Category
French School 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Do It Yourself
By Gunter Uecker
Located in London, GB
Hammer and two nails on wood board, 1930, signed in pencil, from an unknown edition size, published by Edition VICE-Versand, Remscheid, Germany, overall sizes: 34 x 16.5 x 7.8 cm. (1...
Category
Op Art 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
"Petit masque découpé Montserrat", 20th Century Bronze by Julio González
Located in Madrid, ES
JULIO GONZÁLEZ
Spanish, 1876 - 1942
PETIT MASQUE DÉCOUPÉ MONTSERRAT
signed "GONZALEZ"
5 of an edition of 9
Cire Perdue "C. VALSUANI" foundry seal
bronze...
Category
Cubist 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Acrobat Family - Bronze Sculpture by Arturo Martini - 1936
Located in Roma, IT
Acrobat Family is an original artwork realized by Arturo Martini in 1936.
Bronze sculpture with wooden base.
Provenance: Pecci Blunt Collection.
Published in the general catalogue...
Category
Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
1, 000 piece Museum Quality Collection of Art & Objects from NYC 1939 Worlds Fair
By Chester Beach
Located in New York, NY
1,000 piece Museum Quality Collection of Art & Objects from NYC 1939 Worlds Fair is available for sale.
This sculpture, "Riders of the Elements," is the original 7' plaster maquette from the NYC 1939 World's Fair by Chester Beach...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Plaster, Canvas, Oil, Photographic Paper
1939 World’s Fair NYC, 1000 piece Museum Quality Collection of Art & Objects
By Harry Lane
Located in New York, NY
1,000 piece Museum Quality Collection of Art & Objects from NYC 1939 Worlds Fair
Harry Lane (1891-1973) "1939 World’s Fair Construction," 30 x 40 inches, Oil on canvas, signed lower...
Category
American Modern 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Canvas, Oil, Plaster, Photographic Paper
The Partisan
Located in West Hollywood, CA
Presenting A stunning original WPA wood sculpture by Chicago artist Burton Freund. Freund worked for the FAP(Federal Arts Project) in Chicago in the 1930's as well as an accomplished...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Repose
Located in West Hollywood, CA
Presenting an exceptional original wood sculpture by the famed Austrian design house Hagenauer.
"Repose" is an original carved wood sculpture on the original metal base, signed, c...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
The Mechanic
Located in West Hollywood, CA
Presenting A stunning original WPA wood sculpture by Chicago artist Burton Freund. Freund worked for the FAP(Federal Arts Project) in Chicago in the 1930's as well as an accomplished illustrator for some of the countries leading magazines.
"The Mechanic...
Category
Art Deco 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Last One In!
Located in West Hollywood, CA
An original WPA wood sculpture by Chicago artist Burton Freund. Freund worked for the FAP(Federal Arts Project) in Chicago in the 1930's as well as an accomplished illustrator for so...
Category
American Realist 1930s Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood