Landscape Paintings

Early American impressionist landscape painting. Framed. Possibly signed verso. Oil on board.

Incredible quality American school portrait painting. Oil on canvas. Framed. No signature found.

Adolphus Knell 19th-century English Warship at sea Owning in a 19th-century English fishing boat captured at sea circa 1880 by Adolphus Knell, with the sun rising or setting, offer...

Antique French impressionist landscape oil painting by Leon Richet (1847 - 1907). Oil on canvas. Signed. Framed. Measuring 22 by 29 inches overall and 15 by 20 painting alone.

A stunning impressionist oil painting by listed female artist Clara Elizabeth Sackett.

This quietly atmospheric painting by Jon Loman captures a group of four hooded crows in a snow-covered winter landscape. Three of the birds perch on a rustic wooden fence, while the ...

This painting, titled A Creek on the Maas, is by George Stanfield Walters (1838–1924), a British artist known for his maritime and coastal scenes. Walters’ work often captured the se...

Attributed to Antonio María de la Concepción Reyna Manescau María de la Concepción Reyna Manescau, variously cited as Antonio María Reyna Manescau or simply Antonio Reyna Manescau...

A fine Maine coastal landscape by American artist Edward Meriam Stetson (1872-1953). Stetson was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, educated at Friends University and also attended ...

Very nicely painted 19th century American landscape painting. Oil on canvas. Framed. Image size, 12H x 16L. Signed illegibly.

This late 19th-century oil painting by Austrian artist Otto von Thoren (1828-1889) depicts three horses pulling a cart across a shallow ford. Von Thoren was a celebrated painter of l...

Early 20th Century Tonalist Pastel Landscape Beautiful tonal landscape, c.1915, by pastel artist William Henry Chandler (American, 1854-1928). The viewer looks out over a serene riv...

This charming French Impressionist watercolour painting was painted in 1914 and is indistinctly signed. The composition is a market scene with various stalls under trees. The colouring is lovely and it is housed in a superb, gilded oak frame...

Arvid Frederick Nyholm (Swedish-American, 1866-1937) Signed: A Nyholm (Lower, Right and Lower, Left) " Mother and Child in a Landscape ", circa 1910-1920 Oil on Canvas 25" x 30"...

A fine small river landscape "Silverån" painted "en plein air" by Elias Erdtman, (1862-1945). Signed E. Erdtman and dated 1883. Oil on canvas mounted on board. This is a rare work f...

Signed oil on canvas landscape circa 1910 by French post impressionist painter Raymond Thibesart. The piece depicts a view of a small rural village deep in winter. The roof tops and ...

Signed and dated oil on canvas figures in landscape painting by British romantic artist Thomas Edwin Mostyn. The work depicts a lake at the centre of ...

Among the treasured classic arts we offer for sale is this stunning painting by the artist Anton Genberg. Born in 1862 to Pehr Jonsson and Anna Genberg, he left an indelible mark on the art world through his magnificent creations. Genberg's life was colored with a passion for exploration, study, and artistic expression. His artistic journey began with studies at the Tekniska skolan in Stockholm from 1882 to 1884, during which he also honed his skills at Oscar Törnås' private painting school. He furthered his education under the tutelage of Per Daniel Holm at the prestigious Konstakademien from 1884 to 1889. During these years, Genberg's exceptional talent was recognized with numerous scholarships and medals. Our painting, dated 1889, transports us to a captivating scene just some minutes after sunset. The canvas is imbued with a beautiful golden glow as the sun's last rays kiss the sky. Amidst a serene lake, the heavenly light reflects, painting the water's surface with mesmerizing shades of purple. In the distance, the landscape is dominated by a mountainous forest, while in the foreground, a stretch of land adorned with bushes creates a sense of depth. The impressionist style comes alive through Genberg's swift brushstrokes, reminiscent of the masterful techniques employed by Rembrandt, with branches delicately etched using the opposite end of the brush. Genberg's fame as a landscape artist was solidified through his enchanting depictions of snow-laden landscapes from Norrland, particularly the majestic "fjällen" (mountains). His art also captured the allure of Stockholm, Dalarna, and his birthplace in Jämtland. Notably, his masterpiece "Vinterafton" earned him a place of honor at the esteemed Nationalmuseum. Beyond his creative pursuits, Anton Genberg was actively involved in the art community. He served as the vice-chairman of the Svenska konstnärernas förening from 1913 to 1918 and held a position on the board of Sveriges allmänna konstförening from 1906 to 1939. His exceptional contributions were recognized when he was elected as a member of the Konstakademien in 1922. Throughout his life, Genberg resided in various places, leaving behind a trail of artistic inspiration. From 1916 to 1924, he lived in the enchanting Villa Wallbeck-Hansen, a masterpiece of national romanticism...

Gustav VERMEHREN (Copenhagen 1863 – Copenhagen 1931) Rest Oil on canvas H. 72 cm; W. 79 cm Signed lower right and dated 1911 (twice) Exhibition: 1963, F...

'Rivière de Mon Paix', Pair of Fine French Impressionist Oils, Musée d'Orsay, Luxembourg Museum. --- Raoul André Ulmann (French, 1867-1941) Each signed, 'R.A. Ulmann' and offered as ...

Bruce Crane Autumn Landscape Signed lower right Oil on canvas 16 x 24 inches Bruce Crane Was born in New York City, he studied with Alexander H. Wyant before attending the Art Stud...

A fine & large antique oil painting on canvas by Raimond Louis Lecourt (1882-1946), the cliffs at the Atlantic Ocean, Etretat, Normandy, France, circa 1910. Lecourt was the quintessential painter of scenes of Normandy France, this is a large and very fine example of his work. The painting depicts the Falaise d' Amont located near Etretat, Normandy, the Falaises (cliffs) are on the Atlantic coast and are a very impressive formation of flint cliffs with huge naturally created archways. The painting is beautifully rendered and in some areas the artist has employed impasto technique (thickly applied paint) to provide texture to the ocean & cliffs, in the foreground of the cliffs is a flock of herring gulls circling overhead. The painting is signed "Lecourt" lower right with a dedication, the painting is housed in the original sponge decorated gesso frame, also created by the artist. Condition is excellent, this charming painting is ready to hang on your wall. The artist was born in Le Havre, and studied at the National School of Fine Arts and the Regional School of Fine Arts of Rouen, he studied under Charles Lhuillier and Léon Bonnat. He received the Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 Military medal during WW1. Lecourt studied at the Le Havre School of Fine Arts under the direction of Charles Lhuillier , then with Léon Bonnat at the Paris School of Fine Arts . He then lived in Fontaine-la-Mallet , where he painted in the Normandy region, which was his favorite subject. In 1899, Lecourt obtained the honorary prize for the upper course with the city's silver medal. A municipal scholarship which allowed him to enter the Paris School of Fine Arts in the studio of the painter Léon Bonnat . There he found his comrades from Le Havre who had preceded him there: Othon Friesz , Raoul Dufy , the brothers René and Henri de Saint-Delis . He debuted at the Salon of French Artists in 1901 with his painting Le Herseur . He completed his studies in the studio of Luc-Olivier Merson and it was around this time that he got into the habit of spending his holidays in Fontaine-la-Mallet with his comrade Othon Friesz . He settled there permanently in 1907, after a trip to Brittany from where he brought back numerous sketches and portraits. During the First World War , he was mobilized on August 1, 1914 in the same regiment and behaved like a hero, decorated with the Croix de Guerre and the Military Medal . During an engagement at Courcy - Brimont , September 14, he was injured by a gunshot to the right forearm. He continued to draw with his left hand then, after a long rehabilitation, he regained the use of his right hand. He became a member of the Society of French Artists, also exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants, and made regular submissions to the Salons. Many paintings by him appear in museums & galleries in Denmark , Germany, the United States, Japan, and in England where the "Dogs of the Duchess of Manchester" painting was exhibited and won Lecourt great acclaim. After the outbreak of World War II, Lecourt takes the German Occupation of France very badly. After General Philippe Petains's handshake with Hitler in Montoire-sur-le-Loir, he returned his military medal to the Chancellery, accompanied by this comment: "We have no need for decorations in a country which no longer has the sense of honor" During this period, he resided with Charles Toussaint, a Le Havre broker and companion from the 74th infantry regiment, at the Frescinet manor, a property which would disappear under the bombings of the September 11, 1944. At this time, he painted mainly on wood, as canvases were rare and expensive at this time. In the winter of 1943-1944, he was hit by a military truck which skidded on the ice, during the fighting for the liberation of the port of Le Havre, the village of Fontaine-la-Mallet, where he lived, was raised to the ground under heavy bombing. His house, his studio, his notes and sketches were destroyed. However he went back to work with courage, but something had broken inside him. The following winter, he caught a cold and contracted pneumonia which took him away in eight days, unable to be properly treated following the refusal of an American army colonel, to give to civilians penicillin that only the Americans had at the time. His friends mourned him and others said that he was a gifted painter of Cauchoise (Normandy) painting, and who knew so well how to render plough horses, Normandy cows...

This lovely Scottish Stirlingshire Impressionist landscape is by noted artist Joseph Morris Henderson. Painted circa 1910 the composition is a river landscape with the river in the foreground and cows in the fields beyond. In the distance one can see some dwellings and hills beyond those, all beneath a summers sky. The impressionistic brushwork and colouring are just lovely. This is an excellent large example of Henderson's work and of Scottish landscape art...

Pair of romantic Bavarian paintings is an old master artwork realized in 1889 by the master Karl Adolf Wilhelm Chelius (1856-1923). Mixed colored oil panting on...

Alexander John Drysdale (1870-1934) New Orleans Louisiana / New York Artist Size: 20 x 30 Frame: 26 x 36 Medium: Oil Wash? Watercolor? Dated: 1917 "Misty Bayou" Housed in the original magnificent frame. Alexander John Drysdale (1870-1934) New Orleans Louisiana / New York Artist Alexander John (A.J.) Drysdale was an early 20th century Louisiana artist who specialized in landscapes using the technique of oil wash, that gave his works a characteristic of a hazy look. Drysdale made use of this technique by diluting the oil paint with kerosene and applying it with cotton balls. Alexander John Drysdale, born in Marietta, Georgia on March 2, 1870, came to New Orleans at the age of fifteen with his parents. His father, Reverend Alexander J. Drysdale, became the rector of Christ Church Cathedral. Alex received private tutoring from a Professor Mehado and art lessons from Ida Hackell at the Southern Art Union. Later in New Orleans (1887) he studied art under Paul Poincy (1833-1909). The exact date of Drysdale's arrival in New York is unknown, but he enrolled in the Art Students League where he received instruction from Charles C. Curran and Frank Vincent DuMond. Apparently, he remained in New York for about five years and did not go to Europe for further study. After some time, Drysdale began specializing in landscapes, executed in a tonalist manner. Back in New Orleans, Drysdale was inspired by local subjects, especially swamp or bayou areas and other desolate wetlands. Over a period of many years Drysdale's landscapes evolved to a unique stylistic maturity. In 1909 he received a gold medal from the New Orleans Art Association. It is easy to see the influence of two artists that he admired: Corot and Inness. Working equally well in oil and watercolor (he also did scenes in charcoal), Drysdale usually divided his scene into halves or thirds, typically, a foreground consisting of tall swamp grasses achieved with broad vertical strokes; a middle ground consisting of a backdrop row of trees at the horizon line executed with staccato, jabbing strokes resulting in textural contrast; and a background devoted totally to a tonalist-like moisture-laden sky often hazy with no clouds or only a slight indication of them. This formulaic compositional format rendered with an economy of technique resulted in imagery with repetitious forms and shapes diffused in a nebulous space. In this regard, Drysdale's works are impressionistic; he also tended to use the violets and blues of the impressionist palette. Yet he lacked a specific interest in color and light. Although his expression of the Louisiana scenery is very personal, even mystical, the artist appears to have been very limited in subject matter. One of his last works was a mural for the Shushan (New York) Airport administration building, and shortly before his death he was employed as an artist by the Civil Works Administration. Drysdale was a member of the Arts and Crafts Club of New Orleans, and his work was in the permanent collection of the Delgado Museum for many years. The artist worked at his studio at 320 Exchange Place in the picturesque Vieux Carré until his death at the age of sixty-three. Stewart (in Painting in the South, 1983), describes how Drysdale was a shrewd businessman. He would solicit new homeowners who might need a canvas to decorate a wall, or a cotton broker who recently made the headlines. Drysdale died in New Orleans, on February 9, 1934. Sources: Louisiana Artists from the Collection of Dr. and Mrs. James W. Nelson. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University, 1968; Wiesendanger, Martin and Margaret Wiesendanger, Nineteenth Century Louisiana Painters and Paintings from the Collection of W. E. Groves. New Orleans: W. E. Groves Gallery, 1971, pp. 44-45; Painting in the South: 1584-1980, Exh. cat. Richmond, VA: Virginia Museum, 1983, pp. 106-107, 114, 276; Chambers, Bruce W., Art and Artists of the South: The Robert P. Coggins Collection of American Paintings. Exh. cat. Rochester, NY: Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, 1984, p. 88; Zellman, Michael David, 300 Years of American Art. Seacacus, NJ: Wellfleet Press, 1987, p. 634; Gerdts, William H., Art across America: Two Centuries of Regional Painting, 1710-1920. New York: Abbeville Press, 1990, vol. 2, pp. 110-111. Submitted by Richard H. Love and Michael Preston Worley, Ph.D. Biography from The Johnson Collection ALEXANDER JOHN DRYSDALE (1870–1934) Born in Marietta, Georgia, Alexander John Drysdale was the only son of an ordained Episcopal priest whose ministry required frequent moves to parishes in Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee. In 1883, he accepted the call to become dean of Christ Church Cathedral, New Orleans, and was later elected a bishop. Alexander, thirteen years old when the family settled in New Orleans, began his art studies under the instruction of Ida C. Haskell, a California-born artist who was on the faculty of the recently established Southern Art Union. The local academy had been founded by several leading artists, including Andres Molinary, William Henry Buck...

Antique French impressionist signed landscape oil painting. Oil on board. Signed. Framed. Image size, 15.5L x 11.5H.

Signed and dated oil on board landscape by French Post-Impressionist painter Victor Charreton. The piece depicts a view of Lake Chambon, near Mont-Dore - with a view of the blue moun...

'The Boat in Martigues', oil on canvas, by Marie de Nivouliès de Pierrefort (circa 1910). Martigues is a small port town just northwest of Marseille in the South of France. Its nickname is the Provençal Venice. Further eastward down the coast is the town of Toulon where the artist was born in 1879. Nivouliès depicts a charming sailboat tied to the small pier yet with an unfurled sail. It looks to be a wondrous day along the Mediterranean, the kind we can always dream about. The painting is over one hundred years old and is in fair condition, yet recently brought back to life by an art restoration professional. Elegantly framed, it is stabilised now for decades into the future. Please enjoy the many photos accompanying the listing. Upon request, a video may be provided of the artwork. About the Artist: Although she was a direct descendant of the counts of de Pierrefort, Marie de Nivouliès de Pierrefort's (1879-1968) family was very poor. In spite of the poverty, Pierrefort attended a Catholic school run by nuns, obtaining a scholarship from the School of Fine Arts of Paris. While still a student, she attended workshops of great Impressionist masters such as Pierre Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) and Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947). In 1910 she won a travel award from the school and traveled to Tunisia where she painted several Mediterranean landscapes. In 1938 the painter moved to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where she painted the beautiful landscapes seen from her window. In Rio, Pierrefort had two individual exhibitions, both at the National Museum of Fine Arts, in the years 1946 and 1956. Although widowed in 1944, Pierrefort decided not to return to France until 1950. She remained there until 1959 when she definitively returned to Brazil. Her atelier in the neighbourhood of Glória was frequented by many emerging artists who learned the techniques of impressionism from her. Afterwards, Pierrefort painted for almost a decade in Brazil until she passed away in 1968 in Rio. After her death, many canvases were found in her studio but had been damaged or destroyed by humidity and by the intervention of her many cats. The painter Sergio Telles...

1880s Century Original California School Oil Painting of Native Americans Fishing in Sierras by Ransome Gillet Holdredge Wonderful landscape of Sierra Mountains in Hudson River Scho...

A very pretty late 19th-century English marine scene of fishing boats beached after being out to sea and bringing in their catch for the day. This was a subject that was very popul...

Signed and dated oil on canvas seascape by French impressionist painter Emilio Boggio. The piece in a view of the vast, open ocean - a rich blue sea with white ocean foam leading to ...

Antique American landscape oil painting by . Oil on board. Signed. Framed. Measuring 16 by 19 inches overall and 10 by 13.5 painting alone.

Signed impressionist landscape oil on canvas by French painter Jean Baptiste Armand Guillaumin. The work depicts barges moored on the b...

This beautiful British Edwardian Impressionist coastal landscape oil painting is by noted artist John Alfred Arnesby Brown. Painted circa 1910 the location is Wells Next the Sea in N...

A very beautiful signed and dated 1886 Danish oil on canvas depicting a coastal sunrise, by Laurits Bernhard Holst. The work is exceptionally atmospheric, with cliffs bathed in hazy...

Orientalist School Attributed to Émile Willaey (1880-1963) Title View of Istanbul – Golden Horn and Süleymaniye Mosque Date 1910 Medium Oil on canvas Dimensions 50 × 89 cm (canvas)...

This lovely Scottish Impressionist Victorian oil painting is by noted artist Joseph Henderson. Painted circa 1880 it is entitled Washing Day. The composition is of two women laying o...

Resting Dog in a landscape " the fidelity " Swedish oil painting on panel by Ida Von Schulzenheim Ida Eléonora Davida von Schulzenheim (1859–1940) was a Swedish painter. Her foremo...

Julian Onderdonk (1882 - 1922) San Antonio Artist Image Size: 6 x 9 Frame Size: 10.75 x 13.75 Medium: Oil Dated 1910 "A Glowing Sky" SW Texas Julian Onderdonk (1882 - 1922) Known as...

Signed fauvist oil on canvas landscape circa 1910 by French painter Louis Valtat. This stunning piece depicts a view of Bagatelle Park in the north of France in summer when all of th...

Nicely painted Italian seascape painting. Oil on board. Nicely framed. Signed.

Impressive early American impressionist forest interior landscape oil painting by William McKendree Snyder (1848 - 1930). Framed. Oil on board. Signed. Image size, 18H by 24L.

"The Bridge upon the Sauceron at Nesles la Vallée (Val d'Oise), 1918" Maurice Walter Edmond de Lambert (French, 1873-1952) Oil on cardboard Signed and dated lower right 10 3/4 x 8 3/...

George Dunlop Leslie (1835 - 1921) Antique English realist oil painting. Oil on canvas. Signed. Framed. Measuring 17 by 20 overall and 12 by 15 paining alone. Artist Bio: George Dunlop Leslie RA (London 2 July 1835 – 21 February 1921 Lindfield, Sussex) was a British genre painter, author and illustrator. He was born into an artistic family; his father was the notable genre painter Charles Robert Leslie RA, and his uncle Robert Leslie was a marine artist. He studied art first at Cary's Art Academy, then from 1854 at the Royal Academy. His first exhibition at the Academy was in 1859, and he showed his work every year thereafter. He became an Associate (ARA) in 1868 and a full Royal Academician (RA) in 1876.George Dunlop Leslie lived early on in St John's Wood (London), and was part of the St John's Wood Clique, a group of artists who favoured light-hearted genre subjects. From 1884–1901 he was resident at "Riverside", St. Leonard's Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire. His sister Mary Leslie (1833–1907), also an artist, lived at "Cromwell Lodge" next door. Fellow artist, James Hayllar, was also a resident of the village and they painted a portrait of Queen Victoria together for her Golden Jubilee in 1887. From 1906 he lived at "Compton House" in Lindfield, SussexHis early works, such as Matilda (1860) showed the strong influence of the Pre-Raphaelites, but he settled into a more academic, aesthetic, style of painting with the aim of showing "pictures from the sunny side of English domestic life". He often used children as subjects and his work was praised by John Ruskin for its portrayal of the "sweet quality of English girlhood". One of his pictures, This is the Way we Wash our Clothes, was used as a poster in an advertising campaign for soap. Despite its apparently trivial subject matter, however, Leslie's work was highly regarded by critics of the time.In 1889 during his time at Riverside house in Wallingford Leslie is credited with painting four angel murals in St Leonards Church.Leslie was also an author and had several books published. Our river (1888), Letters to Marco (1893) and Riverside letters (1896) were all illustrated by him in black and white, and based on personal observations of life and nature in his local area. He also wrote a history of the early years of the Royal Academy - The inner life of the Royal Academy.Leslie was married to Lydia. They had a daughter Alice (depicted in his painting Alice in Wonderland) and a son Peter Leslie...

This intimate plein air study by Olof Arborelius captures the quiet beauty of a sunlit forest edge reflected in still water. The confident, spontaneous brushwork and delicate handlin...

Guy Wiggins Clearing after a Shower Signed lower right, titled on verso Oil on panel 12 x 16 inches Guy Carleton Wiggins is best known for his impressionistic snow scenes of New Yo...

A fine marine sunset painting in Venice by American artist Walter Franklin Lansil (1846-1925). Walter was born in Bangor, Maine was a marine painter of sailing ships, often in Veneti...

Signed oil on canvas figures in riverscape circa 1910 by sought after French impressionist painter Pierre Eugene Montezin. The work depicts bathers in a river on a sunny summer's day...

It's just a little embarassing. Our young bather went for a skinny dip in the river and now needs to snatch her clothes without being spotted by the elderly artist on the river bank ...

Antique American impressionist landscape oil painting by Arthur E. Ward (1863 - 1928). OIl on board. Framed. Signed.

Signed figure in landscape oil on board circa 1910 by French Post-Impressionist painter Victor Charreton. The piece depicts a lone figure taking a walk beside a stream in a wooded ar...

Very nicely painted, early American impressionist landscape painting. Oil on board. Housed in a period and valuable gold giltwood frame. Image size, 8 by 10 inches. Circa 1910.

Signed and dated figures in cityscape oil on panel by French impressionist painter Amedee Marcel-Clement. The work depicts a view of the Pont Neuf bridge that runs over the River Sei...

Wilson Irvine Winter Landscape Signed lower left Oil on canvas 24 x 27 inches A prolific Impressionist with a penchant for atmospheric scenes, Illinois native Wilson Irvine began h...

This painting by Ture Ander, created in 1917, depicts a serene landscape from Värmland, Sweden. At the center of the composition is a large tree, likely a deciduous species, as suggested by the hints of autumn seen in both the tree and the meadow below it. The short brushstrokes used to depict the leaves and grass evoke a sense of movement and texture, typical of the early 20th-century artistic style. Another beautiful detail is the bluish-tinted forested mountains in the background, creating a sense of depth and tranquility. Ture Ander played a significant role in the Racken group (Rackstadkolonin), an important artistic collective in Sweden at the time. Ander was born on September 17 in Askers socken, Örebro. At the age of 13, he became an apprentice painter in Stockholm, attending evening classes at the Technical School (now known as Konstfack) while working during the day. He earned his journeyman’s certificate in 1902, and the following year, he graduated from the Technical School with the highest honors in painting. In 1905, he was accepted into the Konstnärsförbundets skola (School of the Artists' Association), where he studied alongside notable artists like Leander Engström, Isaac Grünewald, and Einar Nerman...

Charles Henry Miller (American, 1842-1922) Untitled (Watermill), c, 1885 Oil on panel 10 x 14 in. Framed: 16 x 20 x 2 in. Signed lower left: Chas. H. Miller, N.A. Charles Henry Miller was a noted artist and painter of landscapes from Long Island, New York. The American poet Bayard Taylor called him, "The artistic discoverer of the little continent of Long Island." Miller was educated at Mount Washington Collegiate Institute, and graduated in medicine at the New York Homeopathic Institute in 1864. Before his graduation, he had occasionally painted pictures, and in 1860 he exhibited The Challenge Accepted at the National Academy of Design, in New York City. He lived in Queens at the summer estate, Queenslawn, originally purchased by his parents. He went abroad in 1864 and again in 1867, and was a pupil in the Bavarian Royal Academy at Munich under the instruction of Adolf Lier...

'The Sacramento River, Rio Vista', California, Bohemian Club, White House, SFSD Signed lower left, 'J. E. Stuart' for James Everett Stuart (American, 1852-1941) ), dated 'Jan. 31, 19...

Elias Erdtman (Sweden, 1863–1945) Moonlit Reflections, Heyst-sur-Mer oil on canvas laid on board signed E. Erdman och daterad -84 unframed: 29 x 18.5 cm (11.4 x 7.3 inches) framed:...