Skip to main content

Ceramic Paintings

to
26
255
187
76
7
82
43
24
105
66
25
20
39
Overall Height
to
Overall Width
to
96
56
12
3
2
2
1
1
1
66
56
23
20
16
16
11
8
8
8
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
1
50
22
181
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
43
40
29
20
8
90,234
83,766
49,168
37,523
34,275
Item Ships From: USA
Medium: Ceramic
Mt.S 14
Located in New York, NY
Leign Wen’s works reflect her personal and cultural histories. Having grown up on the island of Taiwan, she has a deep affinity for the elemental power of water and the forces of nat...
Category

2010s Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Silver

Girl & Plants Enamel Glazed Ceramic Plaque Israeli Artist Awret Naive Folk Art
Located in Surfside, FL
This is a rare ceramic plaque painted with enamel glaze by famed Israeli German artist Irene Awret (these are generally hand signed Awret Safed on the verso. I just have not opened the frame to check) the actual glazed ceramic is 10.25 X 14.75 inches. It depicts a girl or woman with potted plants, birds, pomegranates and other fruits and flowers in a naif, folk art style. Irène Awret was born to a Jewish family in Berlin called Spicker, the youngest of three children. Her mother died in 1927, when Irène was six years old. In 1937 she was forced to stop high school, due to the Nazi race laws. Because she could not continue her regular studies, her father sent her to study drawing, painting and art restoration with a Jewish painter. Among his students were a large number of German Jews who knew they would have to leave Germany within a short time and would require a profession to enable them to support themselves. When the situation grew worse, following the Kristallnacht (the first major attack on German and Austrian Jews in November 1938), her uncle decided to move to Belgium. In 1939 the situation became even worse - her father was fired from his job and the family were forced to leave their home. As a result, Awret's father tried to send her and her sister to Belgium, with the help of smugglers. The first smuggler proved to be a double agent and they were sent back from Aachen to Berlin. Two weeks later they made a second, successful, attempt to sneak across the border. Awret worked for a Dutch Jewish family as a maid. As she had her room and board there, she was able to save enough money to study art part-time at Brussels' Académie Royal des Beaux-Arts. A few months later Awret's father joined her and her financial situation became easier. She left her job and studied full-time, helping support herself with restoration work when it was available and by painting portraits to order. Later, Awret found a hiding place on a farm in Waterloo with a Jewish family who were connected with the underground. In January 1943 she had to return to Brussels, living with a false identity card which stated she was a married woman with two children. Awret succeeded in renting an attic without informing the police where she was - she told her landlady that she had been forced to flee her husband because he beat her. While there, she supported herself by restoring wooden sculptures. A Jewish informer gave her up to the Gestapo, accompanying the two Gestapo men who arrested her. Awret was able to take a bag containing food and drawing materials. She was detained in the Gestapo cellars in Brussels where she drew. Because there was nothing there to draw, she sketched her own hand (view this work). Awret was interrogated in order to reveal the hiding place of her father who was still in Brussels. The National Socialist regime was determined to persecute him, even though he had fought for Germany in World War I and been permanently disabled. They stepped up their torture and brought Awret before Hartmann, the head of the Gestapo in Brussels. When Hartmann saw her block of drawings, he asked her where she had studied art and halted the interrogation. Awret was placed in a narrow cell and then transferred to Malines camp, which the Belgian's called Mechelen. Malines was a transit camp to Auschwitz, regularly sending 2000 people at a time. Although she arrived just before Transport No. 20, Irène Awret avoided being included. Instead she was put to work in the leather workshop, decorating broaches. While she was there, Hartmann visited the camp and spotted her: "I could have discovered where your father is hiding," he told her. When her artistic talents became known, she was transferred to the Mahlerstube (artist's workshop) where she worked producing graphics for the Germans until the end of the war. When Carol (Karel) Deutsch (whose works are now on view at Yad Vashem) was sent from Mechelen to his death with his wife, he left young Irene his paintbox. Irene also recalls seeing the great painter Felix Nussbaum and his wife being pushed into a boxcar bound for the gas, and tells of the aftermath of the famous 20th Train incident, when a young Jewish doctor armed only with a pistol and helped by two unarmed friends with a lantern ambushed one of Mechelen's Auschwitz-bound trains carrying 1,618 Jews, most of whom had fled Eastern Europe for Belgium. Awret's job enabled her to paint and draw - mainly in pencil, but also in watercolors and oils. In the artists' workshop she met a Jewish refugee from Poland - Azriel Awret - who would later become her husband. Among the other artists in the workshop were Herbert von Ledermann-Vütemberg, a sculptor from an aristocratic family with Jewish roots, Léon Landau, and Smilowitz, who perished in the camps in the East. Irène and Azriel tried to bribe a German officer to prevent Smilowitz's deportation. Not only were they unsuccessful, but they were almost put onto the same train. Jacques Ochs was another artist with whom they became friends in the camp. Ochs, a French-born Protestant who lived in Belgium, was interned as a political prisoner. He remained in Belgium after liberation. After the war the Awrets immigrated to Israel and made their home in Safed. They continued to work, and were instrumental in founding Safed's artists' quarter. The Beit Lohamei Haghetaot (Ghetto Fighters' House Museum) art collection holds works donated by Awret. These date from her time in Malines camp and from her stay in Brussels after the war, when she was in the company of orphans who had hidden while their parents were sent to Auschwitz. Her highly expressive works have made their way to exhibitions at theTel Aviv Museum, the Haifa Museum of Modern Art and the Modern Art Gallery in Washington, D.C., as well as into the private collections of such individuals as Dr. Jonas Salk...
Category

1950s Expressionist Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Enamel

Mt.S 13
Located in New York, NY
Leign Wen’s works reflect her personal and cultural histories. Having grown up on the island of Taiwan, she has a deep affinity for the elemental power of water and the forces of nat...
Category

2010s Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Silver

'Reine on Clay' , Mixed Media on Cardboard Figurative Painting
By Casper Faassen
Located in Rye, NY
‘Reine on Clay’ is a medium size contemporary mixed media on fabric-wrapped board figurative painting created by Dutch artist Casper Faassen in 2015. Created during an extended trip ...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Contemporary Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Clay, Oil Crayon, Oil, Cardboard

Girl & Rooster Enamel Glazed Ceramic Plaque Israeli Artist Awret Naive Folk Art
Located in Surfside, FL
This is a rare ceramic plaque painted with enamel glaze by famed Israeli German artist Irene Awret is signed Awret Safed on the verso. the actual glazed ceramic is 10X15 inches. Irène Awret was born to a Jewish family in Berlin called Spicker, the youngest of three children. Her mother died in 1927, when Irène was six years old. In 1937 she was forced to stop high school, due to the Nazi race laws. Because she could not continue her regular studies, her father sent her to study drawing, painting and art restoration with a Jewish painter. Among his students were a large number of German Jews who knew they would have to leave Germany within a short time and would require a profession to enable them to support themselves. When the situation grew worse, following the Kristallnacht (the first major attack on German and Austrian Jews in November 1938), her uncle decided to move to Belgium. In 1939 the situation became even worse - her father was fired from his job and the family were forced to leave their home. As a result, Awret's father tried to send her and her sister to Belgium, with the help of smugglers. The first smuggler proved to be a double agent and they were sent back from Aachen to Berlin. Two weeks later they made a second, successful, attempt to sneak across the border. Awret worked for a Dutch Jewish family as a maid. As she had her room and board there, she was able to save enough money to study art part-time at Brussels' Académie Royal des Beaux-Arts. A few months later Awret's father joined her and her financial situation became easier. She left her job and studied full-time, helping support herself with restoration work when it was available and by painting portraits to order. Later, Awret found a hiding place on a farm in Waterloo with a Jewish family who were connected with the underground. In January 1943 she had to return to Brussels, living with a false identity card which stated she was a married woman with two children. Awret succeeded in renting an attic without informing the police where she was - she told her landlady that she had been forced to flee her husband because he beat her. While there, she supported herself by restoring wooden sculptures. A Jewish informer gave her up to the Gestapo, accompanying the two Gestapo men who arrested her. Awret was able to take a bag containing food and drawing materials. She was detained in the Gestapo cellars in Brussels where she drew. Because there was nothing there to draw, she sketched her own hand (view this work). Awret was interrogated in order to reveal the hiding place of her father who was still in Brussels. The National Socialist regime was determined to persecute him, even though he had fought for Germany in World War I and been permanently disabled. They stepped up their torture and brought Awret before Hartmann, the head of the Gestapo in Brussels. When Hartmann saw her block of drawings, he asked her where she had studied art and halted the interrogation. Awret was placed in a narrow cell and then transferred to Malines camp, which the Belgian's called Mechelen. Malines was a transit camp to Auschwitz, regularly sending 2000 people at a time. Although she arrived just before Transport No. 20, Irène Awret avoided being included. Instead she was put to work in the leather workshop, decorating broaches. While she was there, Hartmann visited the camp and spotted her: "I could have discovered where your father is hiding," he told her. When her artistic talents became known, she was transferred to the Mahlerstube (artist's workshop) where she worked producing graphics for the Germans until the end of the war. When Carol (Karel) Deutsch (whose works are now on view at Yad Vashem) was sent from Mechelen to his death with his wife, he left young Irene his paintbox. Irene also recalls seeing the great painter Felix Nussbaum and his wife being pushed into a boxcar bound for the gas, and tells of the aftermath of the famous 20th Train incident, when a young Jewish doctor armed only with a pistol and helped by two unarmed friends with a lantern ambushed one of Mechelen's Auschwitz-bound trains carrying 1,618 Jews, most of whom had fled Eastern Europe for Belgium. Awret's job enabled her to paint and draw - mainly in pencil, but also in watercolors and oils. In the artists' workshop she met a Jewish refugee from Poland - Azriel Awret...
Category

1950s Expressionist Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Enamel

Birds & Geometry No. 2 (Abstract Ceramic Tile Painting of Birds in Blue & Green)
Located in Hudson, NY
Abstract ceramic tile painting of green birds against dark blue and accents of yellow and orange 13 x 13 inches Earthenware, ceramic glazes on pa...
Category

2010s Abstract Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Ceramic, Glaze, Mixed Media

'Close Touching God' Mixed Media Conceptual Wall Sculpture
Located in Rye, NY
Artist Statement: With this sculpture I represented how every day man lives trying to outdo himself, almost in competition with himself and with others, in some cases feeling omnipot...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Conceptual Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Ceramic, Wood, Acrylic

Untitled
Located in Kansas City, MO
“Untitled” 2018-2019 Porcelain, Paper Clay Cone 6 Size: 32.5 in. x 48.75 in. Danielle Weigandt explores the construct of events in time and their role in our lives. Time cannot be s...
Category

2010s Minimalist Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Clay, Porcelain

Untitled
Located in Kansas City, MO
“Untitled” 2019 Porcelain Unfired Poplar Wood, Plex Size: 5.5in. x 5.5in.
Category

2010s Abstract Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Plexiglass, Wood, Clay, Porcelain

Untitled
Located in Kansas City, MO
“Untitled” 2019 Porcelain Unfired Poplar Wood, Plex Size: 5.5 in. x 5.5 in.
Category

2010s Minimalist Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Clay, Porcelain, Plexiglass, Wood

Untitled
Located in Kansas City, MO
“Untitled” 2019 Porcelain Unfired Poplar Wood, Plex Size: 8 in. x 8 in. Danielle Weigandt explores the construct of events in time and their role in our lives. Time cannot be seen, ...
Category

2010s Minimalist Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Clay, Porcelain, Plexiglass, Wood

Untitled
Located in Kansas City, MO
“Untitled” 2019 Porcelain Unfired Poplar Wood, Plex Size: 8 in. x 8 in. Danielle Weigandt explores the construct of events in time and their role in our lives. Time cannot be seen, ...
Category

2010s Modern Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Clay, Porcelain, Plexiglass, Wood

Untitled
Located in Kansas City, MO
“Untitled” 2019 Porcelain Unfired Poplar Wood, Plex Size: 5.5 in. x 5.5 in. Danielle Weigandt explores the construct of events in time and their role in our lives. Time cannot be se...
Category

2010s Abstract Geometric Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Clay, Porcelain, Plexiglass, Wood

Untitled
Located in Kansas City, MO
“Untitled” 2019 Porcelain Unfired Poplar Wood, Plex Size: 5.5 in. x 5.5 in. Danielle Weigandt explores the construct of events in time and their role in our lives. Time cannot be se...
Category

2010s Abstract Geometric Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Clay, Porcelain, Plexiglass, Wood

Untitled
Located in Kansas City, MO
“Untitled” 2019 Porcelain Unfired Poplar Wood, Plex Size: 8 in. x 8 in. Danielle Weigandt explores the construct of events in time and their role in our lives. Time cannot be seen, ...
Category

2010s Contemporary Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Clay, Porcelain, Plexiglass, Wood

Épanouissement
Located in Missouri, MO
KPM Porcelain After Angelo Asti (French, 1847-1903) "Épanouissement" c. 1900 With Original Gold Gilded Frame Image Size: approx. 6 x 4 inches Framed Size: approx. 9 x 6 inches Eve...
Category

Late 19th Century Victorian Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Porcelain, Oil

Napoleon
Located in Missouri, MO
KPM Style German "Napoleon" c. late 19th c. Signed "Bock" Original Hand-Painted Porcelain Marked Verso approx 7 x 5 inches/approx 10 x 8 framed
Category

Late 19th Century Realist Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Porcelain, Oil

Queen Louise
Located in Missouri, MO
KPM Porcelain "Queen Louise" c. late 19th century Original Hand-Painted Porcelain Signed "R. Dittrich" Since 250 years, the royal sceptre brand stands fo...
Category

Late 19th Century Victorian Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Porcelain, Oil

Marguerite
Located in Missouri, MO
Marguerite Hand Painted Porcelain w/crown stamp #107 Signed "Wagner" Original Gilded Florentine Frame approx 6 x 4 inches /approx 14 x 8 inches framed Since 250 years, the royal sc...
Category

Late 19th Century Victorian Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Porcelain, Oil

Napoleon
Located in Missouri, MO
Sevres 19th C. Original Hand Painted Porcelain Signed "G Poitevin" approx 9 x 5 inches/15 x 12 framed The vast and diverse production of the Sèvres factory in the nineteenth century resists easy characterization, and its history during this period reflects many of the changes affecting French society in the years between 1800 and 1900. Among the remarkable accomplishments of the factory was the ability to stay continuously in the forefront of European ceramic production despite the myriad changes in technology, taste, and patronage that occurred during this tumultuous century. The factory, which had been founded in the town of Vincennes in 1740 and then reestablished in larger quarters at Sèvres in 1756, became the preeminent porcelain manufacturer in Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century. Louis XV had been an early investor in the fledgling ceramic enterprise and became its sole owner in 1759. However, due to the upheavals of the French Revolution, its financial position at the beginning of the nineteenth century was extremely precarious. No longer a royal enterprise, the factory also had lost much of its clientele, and its funding reflected the ruinous state of the French economy. However, the appointment in 1800 of Alexandre Brongniart (1770–1847) as the administrator of the factory marked a profound shift in its fortunes. Trained as both an engineer and a scientist, Brongniart was both brilliant and immensely capable, and he brought all of his prodigious talents to the running of the troubled porcelain factory. He directed the Sèvres factory as administrator until his death in 1847, and during those five decades influenced every aspect of its organization and production. Much of the factory’s old, undecorated stock was immediately sold off, and new forms—largely in the fashionable, more severe Neoclassical style—were designed to replace out-of-date models. The composition for hard-paste porcelain was improved, and the production of soft paste, for which the factory had been famous in the previous century, was abandoned in 1804. New enamels colors were devised, and Brongniart oversaw the development of a new type of kiln that was both more efficient and cost-effective. Much of the factory’s output during Brongniart’s first decade reflected the prevailing Empire taste, which favored extensive gilding, rich border designs, and elaborate figural scenes (56.29.1–.8). Backgrounds simulating marble or a variety of hardstones were employed with greater frequency (1987.224); the new range of enamel colors developed under Brongniart made it easier to achieve these imitation surfaces, and it is thought that his interest in mineralogy provided the impetus for this type of decoration. For objects produced in sets, such as dinner, tea, and coffee services, and even garnitures of vases, Brongniart preferred decorative schemes that linked the objects in terms of subject matter as well as stylistically. Dinner services were given coherence by the use of an overall theme, in addition to shared border patterns and ground colors. One of the best examples of this can be found in the “Service des Départements,” which was conceived by Brongniart in 1824 (2002.57). Each of the plates in the service was decorated with a famous topographical view of the département (administrative unit) of France that it represented, and its border was painted with small cameo portraits of figures from the region, as well as symbols of the major arts, industries, and products of the area. This same type of thematic unity is found on a coffee service produced in 1836 (1986.281.1ab–4). All of the pieces of the service are decorated with scenes depicting the cultivation of cacao, from which chocolate is made, or various stages in the preparation of chocolate as a beverage. The compositions were conceived and executed by Jean Charles Develly, a painter at Sèvres who was responsible for many of the most ambitious dinner services produced at the factory during Brongniart’s tenure. The range of objects produced in the first half of the nineteenth century was enormous, as were the types of decoration that they employed. A recent exhibition catalogue devoted to Brongniart’s years at Sèvres indicates that ninety-two new designs for vases were introduced, as were eighty-nine different cup models, and the types of objects produced by the factory included every sort of form required by a dinner or dessert service, coffee and tea wares, decorative objects such as vases, and functional objects such as water jugs, basins, and toiletry articles. A new form rarely replaced an older one; the range of production simply increased. The same was true with types of decoration, as the factory was working in a wide variety of styles at any given time. From the earliest years of the Sèvres factory, its painters had copied not only contemporary compositions but also prints and paintings from earlier periods. However, under Brongniart, the factory sought to copy famous paintings with the specific intention of recording the “true” appearance of works increasingly perceived to be fragile. Works by a wide variety of artists were copied, but those by Raphael were especially popular. Raphael’s stature is reflected in a vase of 1834 in which a cameo-style portrait of the artist decorates the primary reserve, while on the back an artist’s palette is encircled by the names Titian, Poussin, and Rubens (1978.373). Just as works by earlier artists were copied, so too were decorative techniques of previous centuries. The interlace patterns of so-called Saint-Porchaire ceramic ware of the sixteenth century served as the inspiration for the decoration on a cup of 1837 (2003.153). The form of the cup itself derives from Renaissance silver forms made in Italy and France. However, the palette of vibrant reds, greens, blues, and yellows contrasts markedly with the muted browns and off whites of Saint-Porchaire wares and reflects the reinterpretation of historical styles that was characteristic of so much of nineteenth-century decorative arts. Interest in the Gothic style emerged early in Brongniart’s tenure at Sèvres and remained popular for much of the nineteenth century. Strict adherence to Gothic motifs was rarely observed, however, and the Gothic style was more evoked than faithfully copied. This tendency is reflected in a pair of vases (1992.23.1) for which the model was designated vase gothique Fragonard (named after the vase’s designer, Alexandre Evariste Fragonard [1780–1850]. The Gothic elements lie more in the painted decoration than in the form itself, and the style of the painting reflects a Renaissance technique rather than a medieval one. The palette of grays and whites on a blue ground instantly recalls the enamel-on-copper wares produced in Limoges, France, in the sixteenth century, and its use on these vases indicates the willingness to freely mix artistic styles and techniques of different periods in order to achieve new aesthetic effects. The eclecticism and historicism that characterized so much of the production during Brongniart’s tenure continued after his death in 1847. The factory’s output reflected an ongoing desire for technical innovation as well as a wide embrace of diverse decorative styles that were employed simultaneously. A tea and coffee service of 1855–61 (69.193.1–.11) embodies the selective borrowing of forms and motifs that is found so frequently in Sèvres production of the middle decades of the nineteenth century. The shapes used for the different components of the service evoke both China and the Near East, an obvious allusion to the origins of the two beverages. The openwork decoration refers directly to Chinese ceramics made in this technique, and the decoration employs a variety of Chinese emblems. However, the palette of pink and gold, entirely European in character, serves to neutralize the Asian aspects of the service. Perhaps the only thread that can be said to run through much Sèvres production of the nineteenth century is the proclivity to borrow freely from various historical styles and then to either reinterpret these styles or combine them in unprecedented ways. A standing cup of 1879 (1990.238a,b) draws upon silver cups of the Renaissance for its form, but in this instance the size of the porcelain cup dwarfs any of its metal prototypes. Its style of decoration derives from Limoges painted enamels of the sixteenth century, but the prominent use of gilding throughout reflects its wholly nineteenth-century character. This cup was presented by the French government to one of the first-prize winners at the 1878 Exposition Universelle. It was with the advent of the Art Nouveau style at the very end of the nineteenth century that historicism lost its grip at Sèvres, and indeed throughout the decorative arts, and forms inspired by nature and often characterized by asymmetry become dominant. This reliance upon natural forms is fully evident in a coffee service of 1900–1904 (1988.287.1a,b). The designer, Léon Kann...
Category

Late 19th Century Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Porcelain, Oil

Ruth
Located in Missouri, MO
KPM Porcelain "Ruth" c. 1900 Original hand-painted KPM Porcelain In Original Gilded Florentine Frame 7 x 4 (16 x 9 framed) Since 250 years, the royal sceptre brand stands for finest...
Category

Late 19th Century Victorian Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Porcelain, Oil

Queen Louise
Located in Missouri, MO
KPM Porcelain "Queen Louise" c. 1900 Original hand-painted KPM Porcelain approx. 14 x 11 inches approx. 21 x 15 inches framed Since 250 years, the royal ...
Category

Late 19th Century Victorian Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Porcelain, Oil

Hygeia
Located in New Orleans, LA
Black clay with palladium leaf.
Category

Ceramic Paintings

Materials

Clay

Ceramic paintings for sale on 1stDibs.

Find a wide variety of authentic Ceramic paintings available on 1stDibs. While artists have worked in this medium across a range of time periods, art made with this material during the 21st Century is especially popular. If you’re looking to add paintings created with this material to introduce a provocative pop of color and texture to an otherwise neutral space in your home, the works available on 1stDibs include elements of blue, purple, green, yellow and other colors. There are many well-known artists whose body of work includes ceramic sculptures. Popular artists on 1stDibs associated with pieces like this include Roger König, Königliche Porzellan-Manufaktur (KPM), Tony Moore, and Jared Fitzgerald. Frequently made by artists working in the Abstract, Contemporary, all of these pieces for sale are unique and many will draw the attention of guests in your home. Not every interior allows for large Ceramic paintings, so small editions measuring 0.1 inches across are also available

Read More

Art Brings the Drama in These Intriguing 1stDibs 50 Spaces

The world’s top designers explain how they display art to elicit the natural (and supernatural) energy of home interiors.

Welcome (Back) to the Wild, Wonderful World of  Walasse Ting

Americans are rediscovering the globe-trotting painter and poet, who was connected to all sorts of art movements across a long and varied career.

In Francks Deceus’s ‘Mumbo Jumbo #5,’ the Black Experience Is . . . Complicated

Despite the obstacles, the piece’s protagonist navigates the chaos without losing his humanity.

With Works Like ‘Yours Truly,’ Arthur Dove Pioneered Abstract Art in America

New York gallery Hirschl & Adler is exhibiting the bold composition by Dove — who’s hailed as the first American abstract painter — at this year’s Winter Show.

Donald Martiny’s Jumbo Brushstrokes Magnify the Undeniable Personality of Paint

How can a few simple gestures — writ extra, extra, extra large — contain so much beauty and drama?

Patrick Hughes’s 3D Painting Takes Us on a Magical Journey through Pop Art History

The illusions — and allusions — never end in this mind-boggling portrayal of an all-star Pop art show on a beach.

Mid-Century Americans Didn’t Know Antonio Petruccelli’s Name, but They Sure Knew His Art

The New York artist created covers for the nation’s most illustrious magazines. Now, the originals are on display as fine art.

Learn Why There Have Been So Many Great Women Painters

Featuring iconic works by more than 300 female artists, a new book makes a more than compelling case for casting off the patriarchal handcuffs that have bound the art historical canon for far too long.

Recently Viewed

View All