Figurative Sculptures

Linda Stein, Warrior Waging Peace: Addressing Feminism 1278 - Feminist Figurative Mixed Media Black and Colorful Contemporary Sculpture Free-standing contemporary sculpture with ve...

One of a series of sculpted dancers created by the incomparable Edgar Degas, this exceptional bronze exudes all of the expressivity one expects from this 20th-century great. Degas captures the essence of his model in the graceful work, as she strikes a particularly difficult pose of the arabesque. The dancer's features have been manipulated and simplified, executed in a manner that seems almost as if one of Degas' Impressionist canvases has come to life. Degas was obsessed with capturing the dancer in motion throughout his career. He rendered their grace and movement in oil, pastel, pencil, chalk and wax - in fact, of the seventy-four wax sculptures created by Degas during his lifetime, forty of them depicted dancers. Seven of these belong to his series that capture the various forms of the arabesque, and the present work is included among them. It details one of the most difficult and animated poses of the ballet. Degas’ dancer is precariously posed in a study of balance and motion, one leg gracefully thrust into the air as she tilts her body down towards the earth and extends her arm forward. The sense of her movement is perfectly captured in the extraordinary work, as well as the fluid lines of her body. The bronze is a sought-after rarity in terms of Degas’ sculptures. Not only are his dancers the most desirable of his work, but this bronze is also distinguished by the fact that it is a Valsuani bronze, meaning it faithfully records Degas’ wax version’s pose as it appeared at the time of its creation. Most Degas' bronzes that are found on the market were cast by Hébrard – these serialized bronzes are surmoulages, or “aftercasts,” that were cast from the modèle bronzes currently in the Norton Simon Museum (Pasadena). Because these bronzes are second generation, they are smaller and far less detailed that the current bronze. This example, however, was cast by Valsuani from a plaster that was taken directly from Degas’ waxes, according to scholarship by the art historian Dr. Gregory Hedberg. These plasters were created by Degas’ sculptor friend Albert Bartholomé shortly after Degas completed his wax figurines. Thus, they record the earliest versions of Degas’ wax sculptures, before they were damaged by time or handling, and before Degas himself altered the works. The Hébrard bronzes...

Sailboat Out At Sea - Landscape Scene by Jeffrey Nelson Hudson River Inlay Landscape Scene by Jeffrey Nelson (American, b. 1959-). A sailboat sails across the sea as three birds fly...

Don't miss this opportunity to own a piece of history! Ex Nihilo Figure 4, a full-scale plaster from the final stone sculpture of Ex Nihilo, commissioned as part of the Creation Scul...

"Clear Mountain Morning" by Cody Houston, Limited Edition Bronze with Wooden Plinth, 18" x 21" x 13", Edition #4/15, signed and numbered on back, titled on plaque. Provenance: Cast i...

Indulge in the beauty of divine creation with Adam by Frederick Hart. This masterpiece, number 2 out of 8, is up for sale and waiting to be cherished by its new owner. This piece is ...

G. Harvey (Gerald Harvey Jones) (1933-2017) San Antonio, Austin, and Fredericksburg Artist Image Size: 81 Inches Tall Medium: Bronze Sculpture Dated 2006 "The Spirit Of Texas" Bucking Bronco & Rider They are very scarce. I only know about 2 others that have even come up for sale in the last 10 years or so. Please not the dedication on the wooden base of the sculpture. There is one on Gerald Harvey Jones (G. Harvey) tombstone in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas. Western, Cowboy, Horse, Bronc, Bronco Riata, Rodeo G. Harvey (Gerald Harvey Jones) (1933-2017) Known for paintings closely linked in mood and subject matter to Edouard Cortes [1882-1962], G Harvey creates romanticized street scenes of turn of the century towns in America. Rain slick streets reflect urban lights, and the weather is obviously cold. He grew up in the rugged hills north of San Antonio, Texas from where herds of longhorn cattle were once driven up dusty trails to the Kansas railheads. His grandfather was a trail boss at 18 and helped create an American legend for his grandson. So the American West is not only the artist's inspiration but his birthright. Harvey's early interest in sketching and drawing slowly evolved into a passion for painting in oils. After graduating cum laude from North Texas State University, Harvey took a position with the University of Texas in Austin, but he soon realized that weekends and nights at the easel did not satisfy his love of painting. He abandoned the security of a full-time job in 1963 and threw his total energy into a fine art career. Harvey paints the spirit of America from its western hills and prairies to the commerce of its great cities. His original paintings and bronze sculptures are in the collections of major corporations, prestigious museums, the United States government, American presidents, governors, foreign leader and captains of industry. The Smithsonian Institution chose Harvey to paint The Smithsonian Dream, commemorating its 150th Anniversary. The Christmas Pageant of Peace commissioned Harvey to create a painting celebrating this national event. He has been the recipient of innumerable awards and the subject of three books. G. Harvey lived in Fredericksburg, Texas, with his wife Pat in a 150-year-old stone home built by German settlers. His studio and residence are nestled within the Historic District of Fredericksburg. It is obligation of fine artists to present us with more than pretty pictures. They must also make us feel. Among the western painters of today, there is none more capable of accomplishing this than G. Harvey. In his paintings, the viewer into only sees the physical elements of his subject, but also senses the mood that surrounds them. It is a remarkable aspect of fine art, which few artists are able to master. Gerald Harvey Jones was born in San Antonio, Texas, in 1933. His grandfather was a cowboy during the trail-driving era when legends grew up along the dusty trails north from Texas. Family stories of wild cattle and tough men were absorbed by a wide-eyed boy and became the genesis of G. Harvey's art. A graduate in fine arts at North Texas State University, Harvey taught full-time and painted nights and weekends for several years. It was through painting that he found his greatest satisfaction, and his native central Texas hill country provided the inspiration for most of his earliest work. With the development of his talent and the growth of his following, Harvey began to expand his artistic horizons. He left teaching and concentrated on a career in fine art. He sought the essence that is Texas and found it not only along the banks of the Guadalupe, but in cow camps west of the Pecos, and in the shadows of tall buildings in big Texas cities. The streets of Dallas once echoed with the sound of horse hooves and the jingle of spurs. Historic photographs reveal what it looked like, but only an artist like Harvey can enable a viewer to experience the mood and flavor or the time. Contemporary western art has too often centered on the literal representations from its roots in illustrations. Artists like G. Harvey take us a step further, to the subjective impressions that are unique to each great talent and which constitutes something special and basic to fine art expression. Harvey was a soft-spoken and unassuming man who cared deeply about what he painted without becoming maudlin or melodramatic. We sense there is more in each Harvey painting than just that which is confined to the canvas. Resources include: The American West: Legendary Artists of the Frontier, Dr. Rick Stewart, Hawthorne Publishing Company, 1986 Artist G. Harvey grew up in the rugged hills north of San Antonio, Texas from where herds of longhorn cattle were once driven up dusty trails to the Kansas railheads. His grandfather was a trail boss at 18 and helped create an American legend. The American West is not only the artist's inspiration but his birthright. Harvey's early interest in sketching and drawing slowly evolved into a passion for painting in oils. After graduation cum laude from North Texas State University, Harvey took a position with the University of Texas in Austin, but he soon realized that weekends and nights at the easel did not satisfy his love of painting. He abandoned the security of a full-time job in 1963 and threw his total energy into a fine art career. Two years as a struggling artist followed, but 1965 brought acclaim for the artist's first prestigious show, The Grand National exhibition in New York, and the American Artists' Professional League presented him with their New Master's Award. President Lyndon Johnson discovered his fellow Texan's talent, became a Harvey collector and introduced John Connally to the artist's work. Connally was enthusiastic about Harvey's art, and, on one occasion, he presented a G. Harvey original to each governor of Mexico's four northern states. Harvey paints the spirit of America from its western hills and prairies to the commerce of its great cities. His original paintings and bronze sculptures are in the collections of major corporations, prestigious museums, the United States government, American presidents, governors, foreign leader and captains of industry. The Smithsonian Institution chose Harvey to paint The Smithsonian Dream commemorating its 150th Anniversary. The Christmas Pageant of Peace commissioned Harvey to create a painting celebrating this national event. He has been the recipient of innumerable awards and the subject of three books. Through his art, our history lives. Gerald Harvey Jones, better known as G. Harvey, grew up in the Texas Hill Country listening to his father and grandfather tell stories about ranch life, frontier days in Texas, and driving cattle across the Red River. Early in his career, he began to draw inspiration from that collective memory for paintings that would eventually earn him the reputation as one of America's most recognized and successful artists. His art is rooted in the scenic beauty of the land he grew up in and the staunch independence of the people who live there. He says, "My paintings have never been literal representations. They are part first-hand experience, and part dreams generated by those early stories I heard. They are a product of every place I have been, everything I have ever seen and heard." G. Harvey graduated from North Texas State University. He taught in Austin, but continued to study art in his spare time, eventually devoting full time to his painting. The year 1965 was a turning point when he won the prestigious New Masters Award in the American Artist Professional League Grand National Exhibition in New York. It is often said that in viewing a work of art, one is granted a unique look into the thoughts and expressions of values that give meaning to the artist work. Nowhere does this ring truer than the art of G. Harvey. Though Harvey has had nearly two decades of sell-out shows, an outstanding honor came with a series of one-man shows in Washington, D.C. in 1991. The first was at the National Archives featuring his paintings of the Civil War era, then a selection of paintings of notable Washington landmarks was exhibited at the Treasury Department, culminating in a one-man show of 35 paintings at the Smithsonian Institution during their exhibition of The All-American Horse. His work was featured in Gilcrease Museum exhibitions from 1992-1997. In 1987 his alma matter...

Rumsey’s specialties included equestrian sculptures – portraits of polo players and prize horses, as well as of cowboys, cattle and horses as metaphors. He worked principally in bron...

From the estate of the Artist Charles Cary Rumsey The Artist, Charles Rumsey, was a child prodigy sent to Paris as a young boy to study sculpture. He later was a world class sports...

Charles Rumsey was a child prodigy sent to Paris to train in sculpting at age 12. He was not only a prodigy sculptor but an avid horseman and sportsman...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Haney Onyx, Natural Stone, All one piece of work, One of a Kind Year: 2024 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Portrait- Happy Ma...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Black Alabaster, Natural Stone, All one piece of work, One of a Kind Year: 2024 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Nude, Size: 1...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Haney Onyx, Natural Stone, All one piece of work, One of a Kind Year: 2023 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Nude, Size: 16" x ...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Natural Onyx Stone, All one piece of work, One of a Kind Year: 2023 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Tiger, Size: 15" x 11'' x...

G. Harvey (Gerald Harvey Jones) (1933-2017) San Antonio, Austin, and Fredericksburg Artist Image Size: 9 inches across Frame Size: 10 inches tall Medium: Bronze Sculpture Dated 1982 "Ixtapan Burro" G. Harvey, known for paintings closely linked in mood and subject matter to Edouard Cortes [1882-1962], G Harvey creates romanticized street scenes of turn of the century towns in America. Rain slick streets reflect urban lights, and the weather is obviously cold. He grew up in the rugged hills north of San Antonio, Texas from where herds of longhorn cattle were once driven up dusty trails to the Kansas railheads. His grandfather was a trail boss at 18 and helped create an American legend for his grandson. So, the American West is not only the artist's inspiration but his birthright. Harvey's early interest in sketching and drawing slowly evolved into a passion for painting in oils. After graduating cum laude from North Texas State University, Harvey took a position with the University of Texas in Austin, but he soon realized that weekends and nights at the easel did not satisfy his love of painting. He abandoned the security of a full-time job in 1963 and threw his total energy into a fine art career. Harvey paints the spirit of America from its western hills and prairies to the commerce of its great cities. His original paintings and bronze sculptures are in the collections of major corporations, prestigious museums, the United States government, American presidents, governors, foreign leader and captains of industry. The Smithsonian Institution chose Harvey to paint The Smithsonian Dream, commemorating its 150th Anniversary. The Christmas Pageant of Peace commissioned Harvey to create a painting celebrating this national event. He has been the recipient of innumerable awards and the subject of three books. Today, G. Harvey lives in Fredericksburg, Texas, with his wife Pat in a 150-year-old stone home built by German settlers. His studio and residence are nestled within the Historic District of Fredericksburg. It is obligation of fine artists to present us with more than pretty pictures. They must also make us feel. Among the western painters of today, there is none more capable of accomplishing this than G. Harvey. In his paintings, the viewer into only sees the physical elements of his subject, but also senses the mood that surrounds them. It is a remarkable aspect of fine art, which few artists are able to master. Gerald Harvey Jones was born in San Antonio, Texas, in 1933. His grandfather was a cowboy during the trail-driving era when legends grew up along the dusty trails north from Texas. Family stories of wild cattle and tough men were absorbed by a wide-eyed boy and became the genesis of G. Harvey's art. A graduate in fine arts at North Texas State University, Harvey taught full-time and painted nights and weekends for several years. It was through painting that he found his greatest satisfaction, and his native central Texas hill country provided the inspiration for most of his earliest work. With the development of his talent and the growth of his following, Harvey began to expand his artistic horizons. He left teaching and concentrated on a career in fine art. He sought the essence that is Texas and found it not only along the banks of the Guadalupe, but in cow camps west of the Pecos, and in the shadows of tall buildings in big Texas cities. The streets of Dallas once echoed with the sound of horse's hooves and the jingle of spurs. Historic photographs reveal what it looked like, but only an artist like Harvey can enable a viewer to experience the mood and flavor or the time. Contemporary west art has too often centered on the literal representations from its roots in illustrations. Artists like G. Harvey take us a step further, to the subjective impressions that are unique to each great talent, and which constitutes something special and basic to fine art expression. Harvey is a soft-spoken and unassuming man who cares deeply about what he paints without becoming maudlin or melodramatic. We sense there is more in each Harvey painting than just that which is confined to the canvas. Resources include: The American West: Legendary Artists of the Frontier, Dr. Rick Stewart, Hawthorne Publishing Company, 1986 Artist G. Harvey grew up in the rugged hills north of San Antonio, Texas from where herds of longhorn cattle were once driven up dusty trails to the Kansas railheads. His grandfather was a trail boss at 18 and helped create an American legend. So, the American West is not only the artist's inspiration but his birthright. Harvey's early interest in sketching and drawing slowly evolved into a passion for painting in oils. After graduation cum laude from North Texas State University, Harvey took a position with the University of Texas in Austin, but he soon realized that weekends and nights at the easel did not satisfy his love of painting. He abandoned the security of a full-time job in 1963 and threw his total energy into a fine art career. Two years as a struggling artist followed, but 1965 brought acclaim for the artist's first prestigious show, The Grand National exhibition in New York, and the American Artists' Professional League presented him with their New Master's Award. President Lyndon Johnson discovered his fellow Texan's talent, became a Harvey collector and introduced John Connally to the artist's work. Connally was enthusiastic about Harvey's art, and, on one occasion, he presented a G. Harvey original to each governor of Mexico's four northern states. Harvey paints the spirit of America from its western hills and prairies to the commerce of its great cities. His original paintings and bronze sculptures are in the collections of major corporations, prestigious museums, the United States government, American presidents, governors, foreign leader and captains of industry. The Smithsonian Institution chose Harvey to paint The Smithsonian Dream commemorating its 150th Anniversary. The Christmas Pageant of Peace commissioned Harvey to create a painting celebrating this national event. He has been the recipient of innumerable awards and the subject of three books. Through his art, our history lives. Today, G. Harvey lives in Fredericksburg, Texas, with his wife Pat in a 150-year-old stone home built by German settlers. His studio and residence are nestled within the Historic District of Fredericksburg. Gerald Harvey Jones, better known as G. Harvey, grew up in the Texas Hill Country listening to his father and grandfather tell stories about ranch life, frontier days in Texas, and driving cattle across the Red River. Early in his career, he began to draw inspiration from that collective memory for paintings that would eventually earn him the reputation as one of America's most recognized and successful artists. His art is rooted in the scenic beauty of the land he grew up in and the staunch independence of the people who live there. He says, "My paintings have never been literal representations. They are part first-hand experience, and part dreams generated by those early stories I heard. They are a product of every place I have been, everything I have ever seen and heard." G. Harvey graduated from North Texas State University. He taught in Austin, but continued to study art in his spare time, eventually devoting full time to his painting. The year 1965 was a turning point when he won the prestigious New Masters Award in the American Artist Professional League Grand National Exhibition in New York. It is often said that in viewing a work of art, one is granted a unique look into the thoughts and expressions of values that give meaning to the artist work. Nowhere does this ring truer than the art of G. Harvey. Though Harvey has had nearly two decades of sell-out shows, an outstanding honor came with a series of one-man shows in Washington, D.C. in 1991. The first was at the National Archives featuring his paintings of the Civil War era, then a selection of paintings of notable Washington landmarks was exhibited at the Treasury Department, culminating in a one-man show of 35 paintings at the Smithsonian Institution during their exhibition of The All-American Horse. His work was featured in Gilcrease Museum exhibitions from 1992-1997. In 1987 his alma matter...

A study in bronze Egretta ardesiaca – Black Heron Famous for its “umbrella” feeding technique in which it hunts for food inside of its own spread and curled wings. Edition 1 of 9. L...

"The Present" by Jane DeDecker Cast Aluminum Nativity Creche with Joseph, Mary and baby Jesus and an Angel Make your Christmas yard display extra special with this beautiful sculptu...

Linda Stein, Brave Spirits Merged 807 - Feminist Mixed Media Fabric Black Sculptural Tapestry Stein began to produce sculptural tapestries in 2011, in which she combines images from...

Linda Stein, Power Merged 804 - Feminist Mixed Media Fabric Leather Black Sculptural Tapestry Stein began to produce sculptural tapestries in 2011, in which she combines images fro...

Native North American carved wood and painted effigy figure, Hopi Katsina or Kachina doll. This is one of a group of eight dolls all individually priced, or available as a set, and ...

Native North American carved wood and painted effigy figure, Hopi Katsina or Kachina doll. This is one of a group of eight dolls all individually priced, or available as a set, and ...

Unique. (The price is for one piece. If the works are considered to be purchased together, price negotiation and discounts are possible.) What is the work about: The expressive pow...

Unique. What is the work about: The expressive power of the shadow and the inner landscapes that emphasize the female identity. Suzy Hug Levy brings an imaginary movement to the ra...

Ex Nihilo Fragment 7 is a detail from the full-scale plaster from the final stone sculpture of Ex Nihilo, commissioned as part of the Creation Sculptures at Washington National Cathe...

Native North American carved wood and painted effigy figure, Hopi Katsina or Kachina doll. This is one of a group of eight dolls all individually priced, or available as a set, and ...

Native North American carved wood and painted effigy figure, Hopi Katsina or Kachina doll. This is one of a group of eight dolls all individually priced, or available as a set, and o...

This exquisite sculpture captures the essence of feminine beauty and grace in a breathtaking display of craftsmanship and artistry. Crafted by a local sculptor, this remarkable piece...

American, b. 1961 Jane DeDecker’s energetic and dynamic bronze sculptures serve as a reflection of her own life experiences and those of her closely-knit family. Her twelve nieces a...

Native North American carved wood and painted effigy figure, Hopi Katsina or Kachina doll. This is one of a group of eight dolls all individually priced, or available as a set, and o...

A group of eight Native North American carved wood and painted effigy figures, Hopi Katsina or Kachina dolls. Eight wonderfully playful, brightly coloured and highly individual Hopi...

Native North American carved wood and painted and articulated effigy figure, Hopi Katsina or Kachina doll. This is one of a group of eight dolls all individually priced, or availabl...

Edition of 21 Jane DeDecker, American, b. 1961 Jane DeDecker’s energetic and dynamic bronze sculptures serve as a reflection of her own life experiences and those of her closely-kn...

Native North American carved wood and painted effigy figure, Hopi Katsina or Kachina doll. This is one of a group of eight dolls all individually priced, or available as a set, and ...

The Painter Titian in his maturity. In left hand, his palette. Posture in majesty of this genial painter born in Poeve, in 1488 and dead in .Venice in 1575. Rare Bronze, lost wax c...

Forward Still by JaneDeDecker Abstract Figurative Sculpture ©2015 80x54x10" limited edition of 21 A contemplative person walks on the top of a large ring ABOUT THE ARTIST: 'Part of...

Charming little bronze by the great animal sculptor Auguste-Nicolas Cain, signed A.Cain on the side, inscribed Ane d’Afrique (Donkey from Africa) and Susse Fres on the terrace. The...

Dawn by Jane DeDecker Abstract Figurative Cast Bronze Sculpture ©2008 Family of four waking to the rising sun 116x84x27" (base not included) limited edition of 11. Shipping price in...

Earth by Jane DeDecker Allegorical Element Figurative Bronze 72x32x20" bronze ed/17 (available patina is a darker blue-grey hue) Shipping price includes the custom packing/crating n...

Water by Jane DeDecker Allegorical Element Figurative Bronze 72x25x15" bronze ed/17 (available patina is a darker blue-grey hue) Shipping price includes the custom packing/crating n...

Kudu Bull - Limited Edition of 12, Bronze sculpture on bronze base, L 35 cm x W 12 cm x H 36 cm, brown patina. The majestic Kudu bull has one of the most recognisable silhouettes of ...

Fire by Jane DeDecker Allegorical Element Figurative Bronze with Gold Leaf 72x14x20" bronze ed/17 (available patina is the darker blue-grey hue) Shipping price includes the custom p...

Posthumous C.M. Russell (1864-1926) Bronze on wood plaque Foundry: Cottonwood 8" x 11" x 7" Edition #59/100 Charles Marion Russell (1864–1926) masterfu...

This is a one of a kind original portrait relief by southern California artist Mary Buckman. It is 10" x 8" x 1.5". It is unframed. A certificate of au...

Ann Rothman Juggler (Circus, Whimsical, Viola Frey, Delicate, Playful, Fun, Cirque du Soleil, The Ringling Bros., Barnum & Bailey) 2021 Porcelain, Low Fire Glazes, Crayons, Watercolo...

'Tusker' - African Elephant Bull in bronze on Sandstone base, limited edition of 24. Once roaming throughout Africa, great Tuskers are now rarely seen. As sculpture is made on order ...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Natural Stone, All one piece of work, One of a Kind Year: 2023 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Nude, Size: 13" x 7'' x 5'' i...

Torso 1955 is a cast plaster with oil paint to resemble a bronze cast. The base is wood, carved, sanded and painted. The base shows slight wear on corners. The sculpture is perfect. ...

Black Rhino Bust in Bronze Blue Verdigris patina, Limited Edition of 12, bronze sculpture on Sandstone base. The first time I was sculpting in the field, all I saw oft this magnificent Black Rhino was its head sticking out from behind the bush...

The Place of Refuge on the Big Island of Hawaii is a sacred place for Hawaiians. It signifies rebirth and health. During one of my visits to this heritage sight, I was inspired to fe...

Sculpture predominantly in the modernist, surrealist and figurative styles, with a delicate air of a goddess of beauty

Michael Vaynman Born December 1974 to a family of artists in St Petersburg, Michael has always exhibited a strong talent in the visual arts. Michael e...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Ceramic, Clay, Handmade, One of a Kind Year: 2023 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Nude Figure, Size: 24" x 6'' x 6'' inch, (...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Hydro Stone, Dust Marble, One of a Kind Year: 2023 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Standing Nude, Size: 32" x 15'' x 10'' in...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Stone, One of a Kind Year: 2023 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Nude Woman Size: 30" x 14...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Hydro Stone, One of a Kind Year: 2023 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Inseparable, Size: ...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Hydro Stone, One of a Kind Year: 2023 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Inseparable, Size: ...

Artist: (Garo) Karapet Balakeseryan Medium: Hydro Stone, One of a Kind Year: 2023 Style: Classic, Impressionism, Subject: Fallen Angel, Size:...

Linda Stein, Defender 696 - Feminist Contemporary Black/Silver Leather Metal Torso Sculpture Starting in 2007, the artist Linda Stein began to ...