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Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

CHINESE EXPORT STYLE

Expanded trade between Europe and East Asia, starting in the 16th century, led to a booming market for exported goods, particularly furniture. This was bolstered by the establishment of the Dutch and English East India Companies at the beginning of the 17th century. From folding screens and chairs to lacquer tables and silver, Chinese Export furniture was in demand and regularly copied and imitated, leading to styles like chinoiserie and Chinese Chippendale.

The expansion of exporting that had strengthened the arts during the Ming dynasty continued into the Qing dynasty era — Chinese designers made many furniture pieces specifically for export, resulting in distinctive designs that mixed traditional techniques with forms appealing to foreign buyers. For instance, cabinetmakers in Canton (modern-day Guangzhou) were prolific in crafting hardwood furniture for export in European styles that involved the expert joinery techniques of Chinese furniture. Designs for Chinese Export porcelain, cabinets, decorative objects and other furniture were often more ornately adorned than they would be for a local audience, such as with mother-of-pearl overlays or surfaces featuring lavish pictorial scenes or gold on black motifs. Some were even commissioned by wealthy European families to be adorned with their coat of arms.

Because lacquer furniture was especially prized, and the resin used to create it was difficult to import as it would harden during the long voyage, artisans in China and Japan exported numerous lacquer pieces. Long before lacquer made its way to Japan, the Chinese treated the material differently. They used it to create smooth, glossy surfaces, but also for carving, an art that began in the 12th century and is exclusively Chinese. These pieces are called cinnabar lacquer after the powdered mercury sulfide (cinnabar) employed to produce their characteristic red hue. A popular form for export was a compact cabinet with drawers, usually displayed on a small table. Undecorated furniture built in Europe was also shipped to China to be lacquered. The international exchange of design would influence furniture into the 19th century and later, informing styles such as Art Deco and Art Nouveau.

Find a collection of antique Chinese Export tables, beds, cupboards, table lamps and more furniture on 1stDibs.

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Item Ships From: Europe
Style: Chinese Export
LARGE DECORATIVE VINTAGE MiD CENTURY HAND CARVED CHINESE LION FOO DOG STATUE
Located in GB
Royal House Antiques Royal House Antiques is delighted to offer for sale this lovely, vintage hand carved Chinese Foo Lion Dog statue with original paint and patina This is a very ...
Category

20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Wood

Large Scale Antique Chinese Carved Cork Diorama in Ebonised Glass Display Case
Located in Llanbrynmair, GB
A large scale Chinese carved cork diorama in its original glass display case, early 20th Century piece, Circa 1910. The scene is of a Chinese villa...
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Early 20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Cork

Pair of Guardian Lions / Fo Dogs / Shizi, White Ceramic, China, Qing Era, 19th
Located in VÉZELAY, FR
Rare pair of Important Guardian Lions / Fo Dogs / Shizi in ceramic with cracked white enamel. China, Qing Dynasty, 19th century Each Fo Dog / Shizi is seated on a wooden base, it...
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19th Century Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Ceramic, Wood

A 19th century Chinese miniature carved giltwood figure group circa 1890
Located in Central England, GB
This remarkable miniature Chinese/Cantonese carved hardwood and gold leaf figure group depicts a group of five scholars, two of them holding a large object while the other three are ...
Category

1890s Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Giltwood

An early 20th century Chinese cloisonne sculpture of a five clawed dragon c 1930
Located in Central England, GB
An early 20th century Chinese decorative cloisonne sculpture of a five clawed dragon gripping a ball. This bright and unusual dragon is a Chinese ...
Category

1930s Chinese Vintage Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Copper

Pair Matching Ivory Chinese Dogs of Foo Matchstick Holders Silver Bases
Located in High Wycombe, GB
A Delicate Pair Of Ivorine Dogs of Foo Matching Matchstick Box Holders. Bases Have Silver Mark Stamp. Chinese guardian lions, or imperial guardian lions, are a traditional Chinese a...
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20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Silver

LOVELY EARLY 20TH CENTURY SMALL CHiNESE HAND CARVED SOAPSTONE VASE
Located in GB
We are delighted to offer for sale this lovely early 20th century Chinese hand carved soapstone small vase. This is a unique item of a Chinese hand carved vase...
Category

Early 20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Soapstone

Guanyin in Carved Wood and Polichrome, China, Early 20th Century, Asian Art
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
Guanyin in carved wood and polichrome, China, early 20th century, Asian art Measures: H 56cm, W 16cm, W 15cm.
Category

1910s Chinese Vintage Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Wood

A pair of 19th Century carved Foo temple dogs or Chinese guardian Lions
Located in London, GB
Chinese guardian lions, or imperial guardian lions, are a traditional Chinese architectural ornament. Typically made of stone, they are also known as stone lions or shishi (石獅; shíshī). They are known in colloquial English as lion dogs or foo dogs / fu dogs. The concept, which originated and became popular in Chinese Buddhism, features a pair of highly stylized lions—often one male with a ball and one female with a cub—which were thought to protect the building from harmful spiritual influences and harmful people that might be a threat. Used in imperial Chinese palaces and tombs, the lions subsequently spread to other parts of Asia including Japan (see komainu), Korea, Philippines, Tibet, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Cambodia, Laos, and Malaysia. There has been extensive interaction between Chinese mythology and Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Elements of pre-Han dynasty mythology such as those in Classic of Mountains and Seas were adapted into these belief systems as they developed (in the case of Taoism), or were assimilated into Chinese culture (in the case of Buddhism). Elements from the teachings and beliefs of these systems became incorporated into Chinese mythology. For example, the Taoist belief of a spiritual Paradise became incorporated into mythology as the place where immortals and deities used to dwell. Sometimes mythological and religious ideas have become widespread across China's many regions and diverse ethnic societies. In other cases, beliefs are more limited to certain social groups, for example, the veneration of white stones by the Qiang. One mythological theme that has a long history and many variations involves a shamanic world view, for example in the cases of Mongolian shamanism among the Mongols, Hmong shamanism among the Miao people, and the shamanic beliefs of the Qing dynasty from 1643 to 1912, derived from the Manchus. Politically, mythology was often used to legitimize the dynasties of China, with the founding house of a dynasty claiming a divine descent. Mythology and philosophy. Further information: Chinese philosophy True mythology is distinguished from philosophical treatises and theories. Elaborations on the Wu Xing are not really part of mythology, although belief in five elements could appear. The Hundred Schools of Thought is a phrase suggesting the diversity of philosophical thought that developed during the Warring States of China. Then, and subsequently, philosophical movements had a complicated relationship with mythology. However, as far as they influence or are influenced by mythology, divides the philosophical camps into two rough halves, a Liberal group and a Conservative group. The liberal group being associated with the idea of individuality and change, for example as seen in the mythology of divination in China, such as the mythology of the dragon horse that delivered the eight bagua diagrams to Fu Xi, and methods of individual empowerment as seen in the Yi Jing (Book of Changes). The Liberal tendency is towards individual freedom, Daoism, and Nature. The relationship of the Conservative philosophies to mythology is seen in the legendary Nine Tripod Cauldrons, mythology about the emperors and central bureaucratic governance, Confucianism, written histories, ceremonial observances, subordination of the individual to the social groups of family and state, and a fixation on stability and enduring institutions. The distinction between the Liberal and Conservative is very general, but important in Chinese thought. Contradictions can be found in the details, however these are often traditional, such as the embrace by Confucius of the philosophical aspects of the Yi Jing, and the back-and-forth about the Mandate of Heaven wherein one dynasty ends and another begins based according to accounts (some of heavily mythological) where the Way of Heaven results in change, but then a new ethical stable dynasty becomes established. Examples of this include the stories of Yi Yin, Tang of Shang and Jie of Xia or the similar fantastic stories around Duke of Zhou and King Zhou of Shang. Mythology exists in relationship with other aspects of society and culture, such as ritual. Various rituals are explained by mythology. For example, the ritual burning of mortuary banknotes (Hell Money), lighting fireworks, and so on. A good example of the relationship of Chinese mythology and ritual is the Yubu, also known as the Steps or Paces of Yu. During the course of his activities in controlling the Great Flood, Yu was supposed to have so fatigued himself that he lost all the hair from his legs and developed a serious limp. Daoist practitioners sometimes incorporate a curiously choreographed pedal locomotion into various rituals. Mythology and practice, one explains the other: in these rituals, the sacred time of Yu merges with the sacral practice of the present. Various ideas about the nature of the earth, the universe, and their relationship to each other have historically existed as either a background or a focus of mythologies. One typical view is of a square earth separated from a round sky by sky pillars (mountains, trees, or undefined). Above the sky is the realm of Heaven, often viewed of as a vast area, with many inhabitants. Often the heavenly inhabitants are thought to be of an "as above so below" nature, their lives and social arrangements being parallel to those on earth, with a hierarchical government run by a supreme emperor, many palaces and lesser dwellings, a vast bureaucracy of many functions, clerks, guards, and servants. Below was a vast under ground land, also known as Diyu, Yellow Springs, Hell, and other terms. As time progressed, the idea of an underground land in which the souls of the departed were punished for their misdeeds during life became explicit, related to developments in Daoism and Buddhism. The underground world also came to be conceived of as inhabited by a vast bureaucracy, with kings, judges, torturers, conductors of souls, minor bureaucrats, recording secretaries, similar to the structure of society in the Middle Kingdom (earthly China). Chinese temple Dogs...
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1860s Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Hardwood

LOVELY EARLY 20TH CENTURY CHiNESE HAND CARVED SOAP STONE BRUSHES POT
Located in GB
We are delighted to offer for sale this lovely early 20th century Chinese hand carved soapstone small figure sculpture. This is a good example...
Category

Early 20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Soapstone

Beautiful Chinese fan of Canton of the 19th Century
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
Beautiful Chinese fan of Canton of the 19th century in Bone, Paper and Silk. Dimensions: H: 49cm, W: 28cm, D: 2cm.  
Category

19th Century Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Bone, Silk

Chinese Hand Carved Tigers Eye Stone Libation Cup with Dragon
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
A fine antique/vintage Chinese carved tigers eye stone libation cup supported by a dragon and dating from the early 20th century or possibly earlier. The hard stone cup...
Category

Early 20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Stone

Chinese Jade Statue of a Confucian Sage
Located in Milano, IT
Splendid statue made of jade in the typically Chinese 19th century. The statue is very beautiful and rests on an oval base made of very fine dark wood. The lower part of the statue ...
Category

Early 1800s Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Jade

Soapstone Seal, Carved and Polished, China 1930, Republic Period, China 1930
Located in Auribeau sur Siagne, FR
This Seal is in Soapstone, in white color. This has been made in China. The Period is the Republic Period, circa 1930. It is Hand-carved, and polished.
Category

1930s Chinese Vintage Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Soapstone

Larger Than Life Terracotta Buddha Bust of Guanyin, Early 20th Century, China
Located in Antwerp, BE
A massive larger than life terracotta buddha bust of Guan Yin, China, early 20th century. Broken and restored with wear and tear from enduring exposure to the elements. Size: 75 cm high. Weight: 40 kg. Guanyin, Kwanyin, Guanshiyin or Guanyin Pusa is the Chinese interpretation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (the goddess of comfort and mercy). In addition, she is seen in Taoism as an immortal. The scripture dedicated to her is Dabeizhou. Guanyin is the goddess of compassion and the sea. She is one of the three saints of the western paradise, along with Mahasthamaprapta and Amitabha Buddha; they are worshiped to save departed loved ones from hell and grant them entrance to the western paradise. Guanyin Chinese name Traditional Chinese 觀音 Simplified Chinese 观音 Transcriptions Full Chinese name Traditional Chinese 觀世音 Simplified Chinese 观世音 Literal meaning "[The One Who] Perceives the Sounds of the World" Transcriptions Second alternative Chinese name Traditional Chinese 觀自在 Simplified Chinese 观自在 Literal meaning "Lord who Gazes down on the World" Transcriptions Burmese name Burmese ကွမ်ယင် IPA [kwàɴ jɪ̀ɴ] Tibetan name Tibetan སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས Vietnamese name Vietnamese alphabet Quan Âm (Quán Âm) Quán Thế Âm (Quan Thế Âm) Quán Tự Tại Chữ Hán 觀音 觀世音 觀自在 Thai name Thai กวนอิม, พระอวโลกิเตศวรโพธิสัตว์ RTGS Kuan Im, Phra Avalokitesuan Korean name Hangul 관음, 관세음, 관자재 Hanja 觀音, 觀世音, 觀自在 Transcriptions Mongolian name Mongolian script ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ Japanese name Kanji 観音, 観世音, 観自在 Hiragana かんのん, かんぜおん, かんじざい Transcriptions Indonesian name Indonesian Kwan Im, Kwan She Im, Awalokiteswara Filipino name Tagalog Guanyin (ᜄᜓᜀᜈᜌᜒᜈ) Sanskrit name Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara) Khmer name Khmer អវលោកិតេស្វរៈ (Avalokitesvarak), អវលោកេស្វរៈ (Avalokesvarak), លោកេស្វរៈ (Lokesvarak) Hmong name Hmong Kabyeeb, Niam-Txiv Kabyeeb, Dabpog, Niam-Txiv Dabpog Guanyin (traditional Chinese: 觀音; simplified Chinese: 观音; pinyin: Guānyīn) is a Bodhisattva associated with compassion. She is the East Asian representation of Avalokiteśvara (Sanskrit: अवलोकितेश्वर) and has been adopted by other Eastern religions, including Chinese folk religion.[note 1] She was first given the appellation "Goddess of Mercy" or "Mercy Goddess" by Jesuit missionaries in China.[1] Guanyin is short for Guanshiyin, which means "[The One Who] Perceives the Sounds of the World."[2] On the 19th day of the sixth lunar month, Guanyin's attainment of Buddhahood is celebrated.[3] Some Buddhists believe that when one of their adherents departs from this world, they are placed by Guanyin in the heart of a lotus, and then sent to the western pure land of Sukhāvatī.[4] Guanyin is often referred to as the "most widely beloved Buddhist Divinity"[5] with miraculous powers to assist all those who pray to her, as is mentioned in the Pumen chapter of Lotus Sutra and Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra. Several large temples in East Asia are dedicated to Guanyin, including Shaolin Monastery, Longxing Temple, Puning Temple, Nanhai Guanyin Temple, Dharma Drum Mountain, Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple, Shitennō-ji, Sensō-ji, Kiyomizu-dera, Sanjūsangen-dō, and many others. Guanyin's abode and bodhimaṇḍa in India is recorded as being on Mount Potalaka. With the localization of the belief in Guanyin, each area adopted their own Potalaka. In Chinese Buddhism, Mount Putuo is considered the bodhimaṇḍa of Guanyin. Naksansa is considered to be the Potalaka of Guanyin in Korea. Japan's Potalaka is located at Fudarakusan-ji. Tibet's Potalaka is the Potala Palace. Vietnam's Potalaka is the Hương Temple. There are several pilgrimage centers for Guanyin in East Asia. Putuoshan is the main pilgrimage site in China. There is a 33 temple Guanyin pilgrimage in Korea which includes Naksansa. In Japan, there are several pilgrimages associated with Guanyin. The oldest one of them is the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage, a pilgrimage through 33 temples with Guanyin shrines. Guanyin is beloved by most Buddhist traditions in a nondenominational way and found in most Tibetan temples under the name Chenrézik (Wylie: Spyan ras gzigs). Guanyin is also beloved and worshipped in the temples in Nepal. The Hiranya Varna Mahavihar located in Patan is one example. Guanyin is also found in some influential Theravada temples such as Gangaramaya Temple, Kelaniya and Natha Devale nearby Temple of the Tooth...
Category

Early 20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Terracotta

Late 19th Century Bronze Chinese Buddha Sculpture
Located in Catania, Sicilia
An high quality bronze sculpture of Buddha hand-crafted in China in late 19th century. It has normal signs of use and age.
Category

Late 19th Century Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Bronze

Chinese Soapstone Seal, 19th Century
Located in Auribeau sur Siagne, FR
This Seal is in Soapstone. It has been made, in China circa 1880. Brown color.  
Category

1880s Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Soapstone

Pair of Mid Century Chinese Copper, Enamel & Gilt Horses
Located in London, GB
A fantastic pair of enamel, gilt and copper horses. Take a look at all our pictures to see the intricate detail and life like expressions - amazing colours too. Made in China in th...
Category

1960s Chinese Vintage Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Copper, Enamel

Chinese Carved Lapis Lazuli Duck and Lotus Flower Figure
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
A well carved Chinese Lapis Lazuli figure of a duck with a Lotus flower probably dating from the latter 19th or early 20th century. The figure is h...
Category

Early 20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Lapis Lazuli

Asian Pedestal Table in Carved Wood on a Mythological Theme, circa 1890
Located in VÉZELAY, FR
Superb Asian high pedestal table in solid wood richly carved. The tripod base is composed of 3 heads of dragons / demons. In the center, a dragon walks on clouds. He is surround...
Category

1890s Vietnamese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Wood

19th Century Chinese Guardian Lions in Original Condition
Located in Kramfors, SE
Chinese guardian lions in original condition. The lions are made from wood and were handmade sometime during the 19th century in China. The guard...
Category

19th Century Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Wood

Large Ceramic Buddha Head or Bust with Real Gold Leaf, Asian Circa 1920s
Located in Lincoln, Lincolnshire
This is a very good large head or bust statue or sculpture of Buddha, possibly Chinese or Japanese, which we date to the first half of the 20th century, circa 1920s. The large hea...
Category

Early 20th Century East Asian Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Ceramic

Spherical Vase Forming Planter Cloisonné Decorated with Polychrome Floral Motifs
Located in Madrid, ES
Spherical vase forming planter cloisonné decorated with polychrome floral motifs, Top without base 40 cm, diameter 46 cm 19th century Good condition.
Category

19th Century Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Ceramic

Indonesian Goddess in Gilded Metal Holding a Lotus Flower, 1920-1940
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
Indonesian goddess in gilded metal holding a lotus flower, 1920-1940. Measures: H 61cm, W 15cm, W 15cm.
Category

1920s Asian Vintage Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Metal

Chinese Carved Wood Wall Art from a Hunting Tiger
Located in Antwerp, BE
A large 19th century Chinese carved wall plaque in wood features a hunting tiger on rocks with bamboo trees and the sun in the background. ...
Category

Mid-20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Wood

Bronze Sculpture, Late 19th Century, Asia
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
Bronze sculpture, late 19th century, Asia Measures: H 19cm, W 15cm, W 8cm.
Category

1880s Asian Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Bronze

Rare Large Chinese Export circa 1900 Shoushan Stone Sculpture Pandas Crane Birds
Located in GB
We are delighted to offer for sale this stunning and very rare original Chinese Export circa 1900 Shoushan stone carving of mountain lions on rocks I h...
Category

Early 1900s Chinese Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Stone

China Mid-18th Century Wood Hand-Carved Architectural Sculpture
Located in Brescia, IT
This charming Mid-19th Century fragment of wood, is a detail of an hand-carved wood column and it has its country of origin in the Oriental part of Indo-China. This is an elegant object that can be used as a paperweight or it can be a decorative object simply, to appreciate for its charming shape and for the beauty of the detailed engraving in the wood. It is only a little piece, but trought it, is possible to understand the beauty and quality of design of the building from which it is coming out. This beautiful piece can be useful as bookend also. The photos shown this antique wood fragment...
Category

Late 18th Century Indonesian Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

Materials

Wood

One-of-a-kind Carved Chinese Style Tableaux, 19th Century
Located in Isle Sur La Sorgue, Vaucluse
Gorgeous and unusual pair of wood carvings in the Chinese taste, set in beautiful, gold-colored, faux-bamboo frames.
Category

19th Century Unknown Antique Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

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Pair of Chinese Guardian Lion Dogs, c. 1850
Located in Chicago, IL
This pair of monumental Fu-Lions, also known as shizi, once would have flanked the entrance to a Qing-dynasty home in China’s Shanxi province. One has a pearl under its foot, and the...
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Hand Carved Meerschaum Chinese Sitting Buddha on Wood Display Stand
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A true gem of a work. Wonderfully carved and detailed. We haven't come across another work quite like it. We are unsure of age so are simply listing it as 20th century but could be older. Would be a nice addition to any South-East Asian/ Chinese artifacts...
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Chinese Green Glazed Foo Lions, Near Pair, Late 19th Century, China
Located in Austin, TX
A charming near pair of Chinese green glazed foo lion joss stick holders, late 19th century, China. The delightful foo lions, also referred to as foo dogs, crafted as joss (incens...
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Pair Antique Chinese Carved Celadon Jade Guardian Lions ROC Early 20th Century
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Chinese Pair Hand Carved Red Hardstone Mounted Foo Dogs
Located in Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire
A delightful and well carved pair Chinese red hard stone dog of Foo figures of miniature size dating from the first half of the 20th century. The figures stand raised on a solid hand...
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20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

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Chinese Pair Hand Carved Red Hardstone Mounted Foo Dogs
Chinese Pair Hand Carved Red Hardstone Mounted Foo Dogs
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H 2.96 in W 1.78 in D 1.19 in
20C Chinese Soapstone Foo Dog Carving
Located in Dallas, TX
Presenting a lovely 20C Chinese soapstone foo dog carving. Made in China in the early 20th century circa 1930. This is a small green and brown ...
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Early 20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

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Vintage Pair Chinese Pewter Guardian Foo Lions Hong Kong NG AN Signed Mid 20c
Located in Richmond, CA
Pair of vintage Chinese pewter guardian lions, in fierce sitting pose, with copper accents for sharp claws, and each topped with an adjustable height brass ball attached by a threade...
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Mid-20th Century Chinese Chinese Export Sculptures and Carvings

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Chinese Glazed Ceramic Pottery Guardian Ancestor Roof Tile Qing Figure on Horse
Located in Studio City, CA
A fantastic piece. Wonderfully glazed and colored work of a seated man with brightly colored robes riding a mythical galloping horse. We believe this is Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) ...
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Larger Than Life Terracotta Buddha Bust of Guanyin, Early 20th Century, China
Located in Antwerp, BE
A massive larger than life terracotta buddha bust of Guan Yin, China, early 20th century. Broken and restored with wear and tear from enduring exposure to the elements. Size: 75 cm high. Weight: 40 kg. Guanyin, Kwanyin, Guanshiyin or Guanyin Pusa is the Chinese interpretation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (the goddess of comfort and mercy). In addition, she is seen in Taoism as an immortal. The scripture dedicated to her is Dabeizhou. Guanyin is the goddess of compassion and the sea. She is one of the three saints of the western paradise, along with Mahasthamaprapta and Amitabha Buddha; they are worshiped to save departed loved ones from hell and grant them entrance to the western paradise. Guanyin Chinese name Traditional Chinese 觀音 Simplified Chinese 观音 Transcriptions Full Chinese name Traditional Chinese 觀世音 Simplified Chinese 观世音 Literal meaning "[The One Who] Perceives the Sounds of the World" Transcriptions Second alternative Chinese name Traditional Chinese 觀自在 Simplified Chinese 观自在 Literal meaning "Lord who Gazes down on the World" Transcriptions Burmese name Burmese ကွမ်ယင် IPA [kwàɴ jɪ̀ɴ] Tibetan name Tibetan སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས Vietnamese name Vietnamese alphabet Quan Âm (Quán Âm) Quán Thế Âm (Quan Thế Âm) Quán Tự Tại Chữ Hán 觀音 觀世音 觀自在 Thai name Thai กวนอิม, พระอวโลกิเตศวรโพธิสัตว์ RTGS Kuan Im, Phra Avalokitesuan Korean name Hangul 관음, 관세음, 관자재 Hanja 觀音, 觀世音, 觀自在 Transcriptions Mongolian name Mongolian script ᠨᠢᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠴᠢ Japanese name Kanji 観音, 観世音, 観自在 Hiragana かんのん, かんぜおん, かんじざい Transcriptions Indonesian name Indonesian Kwan Im, Kwan She Im, Awalokiteswara Filipino name Tagalog Guanyin (ᜄᜓᜀᜈᜌᜒᜈ) Sanskrit name Sanskrit अवलोकितेश्वर (Avalokiteśvara) Khmer name Khmer អវលោកិតេស្វរៈ (Avalokitesvarak), អវលោកេស្វរៈ (Avalokesvarak), លោកេស្វរៈ (Lokesvarak) Hmong name Hmong Kabyeeb, Niam-Txiv Kabyeeb, Dabpog, Niam-Txiv Dabpog Guanyin (traditional Chinese: 觀音; simplified Chinese: 观音; pinyin: Guānyīn) is a Bodhisattva associated with compassion. She is the East Asian representation of Avalokiteśvara (Sanskrit: अवलोकितेश्वर) and has been adopted by other Eastern religions, including Chinese folk religion.[note 1] She was first given the appellation "Goddess of Mercy" or "Mercy Goddess" by Jesuit missionaries in China.[1] Guanyin is short for Guanshiyin, which means "[The One Who] Perceives the Sounds of the World."[2] On the 19th day of the sixth lunar month, Guanyin's attainment of Buddhahood is celebrated.[3] Some Buddhists believe that when one of their adherents departs from this world, they are placed by Guanyin in the heart of a lotus, and then sent to the western pure land of Sukhāvatī.[4] Guanyin is often referred to as the "most widely beloved Buddhist Divinity"[5] with miraculous powers to assist all those who pray to her, as is mentioned in the Pumen chapter of Lotus Sutra and Kāraṇḍavyūha Sūtra. Several large temples in East Asia are dedicated to Guanyin, including Shaolin Monastery, Longxing Temple, Puning Temple, Nanhai Guanyin Temple, Dharma Drum Mountain, Kwan Im Thong Hood Cho Temple, Shitennō-ji, Sensō-ji, Kiyomizu-dera, Sanjūsangen-dō, and many others. Guanyin's abode and bodhimaṇḍa in India is recorded as being on Mount Potalaka. With the localization of the belief in Guanyin, each area adopted their own Potalaka. In Chinese Buddhism, Mount Putuo is considered the bodhimaṇḍa of Guanyin. Naksansa is considered to be the Potalaka of Guanyin in Korea. Japan's Potalaka is located at Fudarakusan-ji. Tibet's Potalaka is the Potala Palace. Vietnam's Potalaka is the Hương Temple. There are several pilgrimage centers for Guanyin in East Asia. Putuoshan is the main pilgrimage site in China. There is a 33 temple Guanyin pilgrimage in Korea which includes Naksansa. In Japan, there are several pilgrimages associated with Guanyin. The oldest one of them is the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage, a pilgrimage through 33 temples with Guanyin shrines. Guanyin is beloved by most Buddhist traditions in a nondenominational way and found in most Tibetan temples under the name Chenrézik (Wylie: Spyan ras gzigs). Guanyin is also beloved and worshipped in the temples in Nepal. The Hiranya Varna Mahavihar located in Patan is one example. Guanyin is also found in some influential Theravada temples such as Gangaramaya Temple, Kelaniya and Natha Devale nearby Temple of the Tooth...
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