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European Decorative Art

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Color:  Brown
Place of Origin: European
Thormod Larsen, Composition, Color Etching, 1961, Framed
Located in Warszawa, Mazowieckie
Thormod Larsen, Composition, 1961 Etching Number 1/10 The work is signed by the artist, dated and individually numbered (pencil) Work dimensions 62/70 Framed work Thormod Larsen (19...
Category

1960s Scandinavian Modern Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Paper

Italian Spolvero 'Cherubs' Rococo Print on Canvas with an Antique Scroll Frame
By Interi
Located in Dublin, Dalkey
18th century Italian spolvero 'cherubs' pattern printed onto canvas and framed with an antique scroll frame and adorned with fossil agate coral. Spolvero is an artistic method of tr...
Category

18th Century Rococo Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Agate, Coral, Gold Leaf

Vintage Pub Sign for "The Ship" Pub
Located in Chapel Hill, NC
Vintage English double-sided pub sign for "The Ship", from a Hall & Woodhouse owned pub. Each side featuring a different ship - one a schooner, the other a brigateen(?) with lighthou...
Category

1970s Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Metal

Love with the Proper Stranger 1966 East German Film Movie Poster, Schleusing
Located in Bath, Somerset
We adore the clean and contemporary design by Schleusing that features on the East German film poster for Natalie Wood and Steve McQueen's Love with the Proper Stranger. Simply stunn...
Category

20th Century European Decorative Art

Materials

Paper, Linen

Sowerby English Botany - Custom Framed Botanical Plates, Set of Two
By James Sowerby
Located in Pearland, TX
Custom framed 19th century botanical engravings from "Sowerby's English Botany, or, Coloured Figures of British Plants". Sowerby was a famous English naturalist, illustrator and mine...
Category

1860s Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Glass, Wood, Paper

Giovanni De Simone Italian Midcentury Ceramic Decorative Plate Centerpiece 1950s
By Giovanni de Simone
Located in Reggio Emilia, IT
Piatto decorativo a parete o centrotavola in ceramica decorato a mano, vintage di modernariato, disegnato dall’artista italiano Giovanni De Simone e prodotto dal suo laboratorio, fir...
Category

1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Ceramic

18th Century Hand-Painted Venetian Style Aquamarine 3-Panels Otello Screen
By Porte Italia
Located in Ronchi dei Legionari, IT
From our Hand-Painted Furniture Collection, we are pleased to introduce you to our aquamarine otello screen with ochre chinoiserie vignettes. A hand-painted screen evokes the luxury...
Category

2010s Other European Decorative Art

Materials

Wood

'Una Gitana' A Large Berlin (KPM) Porcelain Plaque After Angelo Asti
By Königliche Porzellan-Manufaktur (KPM)
Located in Brighton, West Sussex
'Una Gitana' A Large Berlin (KPM) Porcelain Plaque After Angelo Asti (1847-1903), depicting a portrait of a beautiful young woman in profile wearing a red cap. In an oval giltwood f...
Category

19th Century Renaissance Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Porcelain, Giltwood

Framed Marquetry Panel of a Man with Fruit and Vegetables
Located in New York, NY
This captivating Framed Marquetry Panel portrays a charming scene of a contented farmer seated in a room adorned with an abundance of nature's bounty. The intricate craftsmanship of ...
Category

Early 20th Century Other European Decorative Art

Materials

Wood

18th Century Delft Panel Of Nine Earthenware Tiles of a Bird in a Bird Cage
Located in New York, NY
This 18th-century panel, crafted from nine earthenware tiles, showcases an intriguing depiction of a bird in a cage. The delicate white tiles contrast beautifully against the white b...
Category

18th Century Baroque Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Ceramic, Wood

1 of the 20 Antique Glazed Art Nouveau Tiles, circa 1920
Located in Rijssen, NL
This is an amazing set of original Art Nouveau handmade tiles. A beautiful relief and color. With a stylish flower design. These tiles would be cha...
Category

1920s Art Nouveau Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Ceramic

1960s Hedgehog Wall School Chart by Jung Koch Quentell
By Jung Koch Quentell 1
Located in Antwerp, BE
1960s Hedgehog wall school chart by Jung Koch Quentell. A vintage school chart with beautiful illustration of the hedgehog. It shows the anatomical details of the animal on a black background. It's a canvas wall school chart...
Category

Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Decorative Art

Materials

Canvas, Wood, Paper

Delft Bird In Cage Tile Mural, Framed
Located in Bradenton, FL
Delft 18th Century style tiles featuring a bird in a cage. Mural has six approximately 5 x 5 tiles. These are painted with a green bird cage and yellow bird perched inside with yello...
Category

19th Century Dutch Colonial Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Ceramic, Delft, Wood

Taxidermy Fox's Mask by Spicer of Lemington
Located in Oxfordshire, GB
Vintage Fox Mask By Peter Spicer. This prepared fox mask, fox head, is mounted on a good quality oak shield impressed to reverse 'P. Spicer & Sons, Leami...
Category

1920s Sporting Art Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Animal Skin

1950s Tin Advertising Sign for Belgian Beer Brasserie Maire
Located in Antwerp, BE
1950s Tin advertising sign for Belgian beer: Brasserie Maire - Speciale Luxem - Export Beer. An advertising sign with a great design for blond beer: ...
Category

Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Decorative Art

Materials

Tin

Delft Bird In Cage Tile Mural, Framed
Located in Bradenton, FL
Delft 18th Century style tiles featuring a bird in a cage. Mural has six approximately 5 x 5 tiles. These are painted with a green and blue domed bird cage...
Category

19th Century Dutch Colonial Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Ceramic, Delft, Wood

Pair of 19th Century Sherwin's Framed Tiles with Dog Portraits
Located in Casteren, Noord-Brabant
A beautiful pair of semi relief tiles in caramel tones featuring two dogs looking directly at the viewer. The tiles date from circa 1860, various relief marks to the back including "Sherwin's Patent". 15cm/6in square. The tiles have nice old wooden frames...
Category

19th Century Victorian Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Ironstone, Wood

Original Antique Print after Thomas Rowlandson, 1819
By Thomas Rowlandson
Located in St Annes, Lancashire
Great image by Thomas Rowlandson from the "Tour of Dr Syntax" Etching and aquatint after a drawing by Rowlandson. Published by Ackermann, 1819 Unframed.   
Category

1810s Georgian Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Paper

'Kelly's Heroes' Original Polish Film Poster, Jerzy Flisak, 1970
By Jerzy Flisak 1
Located in Bath, Somerset
Suitably comedic and wacky artwork features on the Polish poster for classic 70s war romp Kelly's Heroes. The end of the Second World War marked the daw...
Category

20th Century European Decorative Art

Materials

Paper

Contemporary Italian Pineapple Hand-Colored Print Collection 1 of 2
Located in Scandicci, Florence
Hand-colored print entirely made in Florence by master craftsmen using an antique press and artisanal paper and showing a pineapple. Another print repr...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary European Decorative Art

Materials

Paper

Italian mid-century ceramic sculpture picture green-beige-grey monogrammed 1950s
Located in Salzburg, AT
Extraordinary midcentury ceramic sculpture conceived as a picture, framed. "Three countenances" in green - off-white - grey colored combination turned into one sculpture. The backgro...
Category

1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Ceramic, Wood

Gianni Versace "le Voyage de Marco Polo" for Rosenthal
By Gianni Versace
Located in North Hollywood, CA
Gianni Versace "le Voyage de Marco Polo" for Rosenthal. Gianni Versace for Rosenthal. "Le voyage de Marco Polo" porcelain plate with gold decoration, bright colors in red, green and blue with camels, Chinese temple in the center and peacock motif around. Stamped, part of the Rosenthal meets Versace 25th anniversary collection. Porcelain plate, serving plater collector plate could be used as a decorative hanging...
Category

Late 20th Century Baroque European Decorative Art

Materials

Porcelain

Small 15th Century French Illuminated Vellum Book Page, Handwriting
Located in Buisson, FR
Fabulous handwritten and illuminated book page. Beautiful period piece with gorgeous faded colors and typical Gothic gilded initials, France, 15th cent...
Category

15th Century and Earlier Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Parchment Paper

Italian Spolvero Rococo Scroll Print on Canvas with an Fragment Scroll Frame
By Interi
Located in Dublin, Dalkey
18th century Italian spolvero rococo scroll pattern printed onto canvas and framed with an fragment scroll frame and adorned with polished fossil agate coral. Spolvero is an artist...
Category

18th Century Rococo Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Agate, Coral, Gold Leaf

French Three Panel Decorative Painted Canvas Screen with Musical Monkeys C. 1830
Located in Hollywood, SC
French three panel decorative painted canvas folding screen with dogs playing in landscape scenes, perched musical monkeys, and foliage motif. Early 19th century.
Category

1830s Louis Philippe Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Canvas, Wood, Paint

1970s Wall Mounted Brass Sculpture By Daniel D'Haeseleer
Located in Tourcoing, FR
1970s Wall Mounted Brass Sculpture By Daniel D'Haeseleer showing an autumn landscape scene   
Category

Late 20th Century European Decorative Art

Materials

Brass

Vintage Hand Painted on Wood Historic Golf Club Sign, 1920s
Located in Casale Monferrato, IT
This vintage sign for collectors is truly special. Made of wood with relief decorations and hand painted. The sign was dedicated to the historic Royal St. George's Golf Club, founded...
Category

1920s Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Wood

Théodore Deck (1823-1891) Faience Paneled Fourteen-Tile Rectangular Wall Plaqu
By Theodore Deck
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
A Théodore Deck (1823-1891) Faience Paneled Fourteen-Tile Rectangular Wall Plaque Polychromic Earthenware very finely hand-painted, designed with a couple of pheasants among vegetat...
Category

1870s Japonisme Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Faience, Wood

Anonymous Oil Painting on Abstract Canvas, circa 1950 Italian design
Located in Palermo, Sicily
Anonymous oil painting on abstract canvas, circa 1950.
Category

1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Wood, Paint

"CYRK WEIGHT LIFTING SKATER " Original Circus Poster, Jan KOTARBINSKI 1974
Located in Bath, Somerset
We adore Jan Kotarbinski's design of a very talented weightlifting, rollerskating circus performer that features on this rare first edition Polish cyrk (circus) poster from 1974. T...
Category

20th Century European Decorative Art

Materials

Paper

20th Century French Still Life Oil on Canvas Painting by Michel De Saint-Alban
By Michel De Saint-Alban
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A white-green, vintage French still life oil on canvas painting by Michel De Saint-Alban in a hand crafted, original gilded wood frame, i...
Category

Mid-20th Century Mid-Century Modern European Decorative Art

Materials

Canvas, Giltwood

Antique Spanish Wall Pediment 'or Headboard' w/Original Floral-Painted Finish
Located in Atlanta, GA
A Spanish carved-wood wall hanging pediment with it's original painted finish from the 19th century. This antique wooden architectural pl...
Category

19th Century Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Wood

Nashville 1976 Polish A1 Film Movie Poster, Klimowski
By Andrzej Klimowski
Located in Bath, Somerset
Wonderful original Polish film poster for Robert Altman's lauded Nashville. Typically edgy design by Klimowski. This vintage movie poster is sized 22 5/8 x 31 1/2 inches. It will ...
Category

20th Century European Decorative Art

Materials

Paper

Heinz Pinggera, "Music Recital for the Cardinal" Oil on Canvas
By Heinz Pinggera
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Heinz Pinggera (Italian, b 1900) "A Recital for the Cardinal" oil on canvas within a gilt-wood and gesso frame. The interior 18th century rococo scene depicting a seated Cardinal or ...
Category

Early 20th Century Rococo European Decorative Art

Materials

Canvas, Giltwood

French Majolica Sun Wall Plate, circa 1880
Located in Austin, TX
Unusual French yellow Majolica sun plate with bird, butterfly, insects and grapes, circa 1880.   
Category

1880s Victorian Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Ceramic, Majolica

"Sunny Sky" Handcrafted Knit/Crochet Multicoloured Sky Landscape Wallhanging
By Paris Essex
Located in London, GB
Sunny Sky Handcrafted Knit/Crochet multicoloured Sky Landscape Wallhanging Textile Art, Hand-crafted, Knit and Crochet Art Blanket, Knitted Tapestry, Wa...
Category

2010s Modern European Decorative Art

Materials

Textile, Wool, Thread, Yarn

Cyrk Lion Acrobat R1978 Polish Circus Poster, Hilscher
Located in Bath, Somerset
The wonderful original stripy lion Polish Cyrk (circus) poster from 1978. Super cool and colourful design by Hilscher. The ‘Cyrk” circus poster in Poland appeared for the first time in 1962 when the ZPR (Zjednoczone Przedsiebiorstwa Rozrywkowe, or United Entertainment Entreprises), the state agency that oversaw the circus, commissioned leading artists from the Polish School of Posters to develop a modern approach to the circus poster. The ZPR wanted a new look for the circus poster to complement the circus’ efforts to upgrade its image. Not intended to advertise specific performances, they, rather, celebrated the essence of the circus through rich artistic expression with designs typically featuring clever metaphors, bold colours and humour. Heavy in symbolism, provocative and highly original the designs remain contemporary to this day and continue to gain appreciation. Hilscher's design was first printed in 1970, this vintage poster is from its official third print in 1978...
Category

20th Century European Decorative Art

Materials

Paper

French Green-white-black Art Nouveau Poster Advertising with Cancan Dance, 1980s
Located in Salzburg, AT
Advertising poster for an event featuring "cancan dancers" with printed event information and a well-staged dancer in motion with her petticoat billowing....
Category

1980s Art Deco Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Gold Leaf

George Baxter Antique Pair Hand Colored Print Engraving Birds Eye Maple Frames
By George Baxter
Located in Dublin, Ireland
A Rare Pair of Hand Coloured Engravings Lithographs by English Artist George Baxter, mid Nineteenth Century “News from Australis and Home” complete with their original Birds Eye Map...
Category

Mid-19th Century Victorian Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Canvas, Giltwood

19th Century Dark-Grey French Antique Louis XV Style Pinewood Wall Glass Mirror
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A French 19th century Louis XV style mirror, carved in Pinewood with Gesso finish and gilded, in good condition. The frame has the typical Rocaille décor. The antique mirror has its ...
Category

Mid-19th Century Louis XV Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Mirror, Pine, Giltwood

Lotus Flower, Natural Wall Decoration and Installation
By Gabriela de Sagarminaga Roldán
Located in Bilbao, PV
An organic modern wall decorative artwork handcrafted in Spain by Gabriela de Sagarminaga. We created it based on the idea of volume to add a touch of spatiality with its symmetrical...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Organic Modern European Decorative Art

Materials

Natural Fiber, Birch

Large Antique Victorian Two Rifle Rack / Wall-Mounted Gun Display Rack with Box
Located in Lisse, NL
Unique and large Victorian rifle rack with width open box at the bottom. This highly decorative and good condition gun rack for wall mounting could look great above your fireplace, but also in a private library, home office or trophy room etc. The beautifully patinated, light nutwood combined with the four strong and all handcrafted brass weapon holders make this victorian antique hunting piece an impressive sight to see. If you are not into hunting, but you simply love the great look of this finest quality rack then you could also use this stylish antique for various other purposes. You could, for example, also have rare swords...
Category

Late 19th Century Victorian Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Brass

Collection of 9 Early 20th Century Italian Herbiers in Large Paned Window Frame
Located in Birmingham, AL
A beautiful and decorative collection of nine early 20th century Italian herbiers framed in a large painted white nine-pane window frame, each catalogued by hand with the Latin or bo...
Category

Early 1900s Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Other

Antique 18th Century Dutch Delft Framed Biblical Tile
Located in Pearland, TX
A superb antique 18th-Century Dutch Delft hand painted tile in a custom mahogany wood frame, circa 1750. This fine tile depicts a biblical figure, Moses with the Ten Commandments, in...
Category

18th Century Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Delft, Oak

Fan Wall Decoration - Cultural Icon, Organic Fibers, Golden color, Installation
By Gabriela de Sagarminaga Roldán
Located in Bilbao, PV
Organic Modern Figurative Wall Fan handcrafted in Spain by Gabriela de Sagarminaga. It was crafted based on the an spanish cultural object: the fan. Made wit...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Organic Modern European Decorative Art

Materials

Natural Fiber, Wood

Stained Glass Panel
Located in Antwerp, BE
Offering this stunning stained glass panel on chain. In the shape of a floral tree with various colors and pattern. Also have many shades of green,...
Category

Mid-20th Century Hollywood Regency European Decorative Art

Materials

Stained Glass

19th Century French Antique, Round Wooden Clock, Napoleon III Wall Décor
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A round, antique French large dimensional clock face with its original clock made of hand painted wood from the Napoleon III period. In good condition, enhanced by detailed carvings....
Category

Late 19th Century Napoleon III Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Metal

Nazareth painting of the 70s
By Nazaret
Located in Catania, IT
Nazareth painting from the 70s. With brass frame, glass carved on mirror and covered with a wooden surface at the back
Category

1970s Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Brass

Gilded Wood Old Frame for Painting or for Mirror
Located in Alessandria, Piemonte
O/1886-1 -That's a beautiful gilded wood frame, perfect both for painting and for mirror. Not little, not large. Fair good price.
Category

Early 20th Century Other European Decorative Art

Materials

Fruitwood

Abstract Metal Triptych in Wooden Frame
Located in High Point, NC
Bold and enigmatic, this large scale abstract triptych combines the hand of man and the hand of nature. The form has a Minimalist simplicity: three sheets of metal are set within bla...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Industrial European Decorative Art

Materials

Metal

1970s Very Large Fairground Spinning Wheel
Located in Hook, Hampshire
1970s Very Large Fairground Spinning Wheel – 1.2m 1970s Very Large Fairground Spinning Wheel – 1.2m. Lovely original and very large hand painted spinning wheel from an English fairg...
Category

1970s Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Wood

Decorative socialist realism large marquetry wall board - mid century -
Located in Budapest, HU
Decorative socialist realism large marquetry wallboard. The picture is made of extra quality, with at least 7 types of wood. Marked intarsia artistic masterpiece picture, very beauti...
Category

1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Wood

Vintage Pencil Making Wall Art "Making Of Pensils", Czechoslovakia 1950s
Located in Zohor, SK
Industrial and original wall art piece. Produced by a National pensil making company in Czechoslovakia in 1960s. This art work shows the whole procedure of pensil making in one insta...
Category

1950s Mid-Century Modern Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Plastic, Wood

Handwoven 'Etterbeek' Bauhaus Merino Wool Wall Hanging
By Pamela Print
Located in Chelmsford, GB
Handwoven on a dobby loom in Pamela's studio using a complex double cloth weaving technique and a combination of weave structures, this unique, striking wall hanging draws inspiratio...
Category

2010s Mid-Century Modern European Decorative Art

Materials

Wool

Plaster Fragment of a Child
By Janine Janet
Located in Sharon, CT
A curly haired angelic subject, cast as a fragment in plaster with a rich and varied grey antiqued surface.
Category

Mid-20th Century Baroque Revival European Decorative Art

Materials

Plaster

1950s Original Winning Numbers Large Fairground Sign, Odds
Located in Hook, Hampshire
1950s Original Winning Numbers Large Fairground Sign – Odds 1950s Original Winning Numbers Large Fairground Sign – Odds. Lovely honest and original fairground sign mounted on wooden...
Category

1950s Vintage European Decorative Art

Materials

Wood

Art Deco Oak Wooden Relief 1920-1930 Greek Inspired
Located in Esbeek, NL
Oak Wood relief.
Category

20th Century European Decorative Art

Materials

Oak

After Raffaello Sanzio 1483-1520 Raphael La Madonna della Seggiola Oil on Canvas
By Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino)
Located in Los Angeles, CA
A fine Italian 19th century oil painting on canvas "La Madonna della Seggiola" after Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino 1483-1520) The circular canvas depicting a seated Madonna holding an infant Jesus Christ next to a child Saint John the Baptist, all within a massive carved gilt wood and gesso frame (all high quality gilt is original) which is identical to the frame on Raphael's original artwork. This painting is a 19th Century copy of Raphael's Madonna della Seggiola painted in 1514 and currently exhibited and part of the permanent collection at the Palazzo Pitti, Galleria Palatina, Florence, Italy. The bodies of the Virgin, Christ, and the boy Baptist fill the whole picture. The tender, natural looking embrace of the Mother and Child, and the harmonious grouping of the figures in the round, have made this one of Raphael's most popular Madonnas. The isolated chair leg is reminiscent of papal furniture, which has led to the assumption that Leo X himself commissioned the painting, circa 1890-1900. Subject: Religious painting Measures: Canvas height: 29 1/4 inches (74.3 cm) Canvas width: 29 1/4 inches (74.3 cm) Painting diameter: 28 1/4 inches (71.8 cm) Frame height: 57 7/8 inches (147 cm) Frame width: 45 1/2 inches (115.6 cm) Frame depth: 5 1/8 inches (13 cm).   Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Italian, March 28 or April 6, 1483 - April 6, 1520), known as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his death at 37, leaving a large body of work. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. After his early years in Rome much of his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking. After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (1504–1508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two Popes and their close associates. Raphael was born in the small but artistically significant central Italian city of Urbino in the Marche region, where his father Giovanni Santi was court painter to the Duke. The reputation of the court had been established by Federico III da Montefeltro, a highly successful condottiere who had been created Duke of Urbino by the Pope - Urbino formed part of the Papal States - and who died the year before Raphael was born. The emphasis of Federico's court was rather more literary than artistic, but Giovanni Santi was a poet of sorts as well as a painter, and had written a rhymed chronicle of the life of Federico, and both wrote the texts and produced the decor for masque-like court entertainments. His poem to Federico shows him as keen to show awareness of the most advanced North Italian painters, and Early Netherlandish artists as well. In the very small court of Urbino he was probably more integrated into the central circle of the ruling family than most court painters. Federico was succeeded by his son Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, who married Elisabetta Gonzaga, daughter of the ruler of Mantua, the most brilliant of the smaller Italian courts for both music and the visual arts. Under them, the court continued as a centre for literary culture. Growing up in the circle of this small court gave Raphael the excellent manners and social skills stressed by Vasari. Court life in Urbino at just after this period was to become set as the model of the virtues of the Italian humanist court through Baldassare Castiglione's depiction of it in his classic work The Book of the Courtier, published in 1528. Castiglione moved to Urbino in 1504, when Raphael was no longer based there but frequently visited, and they became good friends. He became close to other regular visitors to the court: Pietro Bibbiena and Pietro Bembo, both later cardinals, were already becoming well known as writers, and would be in Rome during Raphael's period there. Raphael mixed easily in the highest circles throughout his life, one of the factors that tended to give a misleading impression of effortlessness to his career. He did not receive a full humanistic education however; it is unclear how easily he read Latin. Early Life and Works His mother Màgia died in 1491 when Raphael was eight, followed on August 1, 1494 by his father, who had already remarried. Raphael was thus orphaned at eleven; his formal guardian became his only paternal uncle Bartolomeo, a priest, who subsequently engaged in litigation with his stepmother. He probably continued to live with his stepmother when not staying as an apprentice with a master. He had already shown talent, according to Vasari, who says that Raphael had been "a great help to his father". A self-portrait drawing from his teenage years shows his precocity. His father's workshop continued and, probably together with his stepmother, Raphael evidently played a part in managing it from a very early age. In Urbino, he came into contact with the works of Paolo Uccello, previously the court painter (d. 1475), and Luca Signorelli, who until 1498 was based in nearby Città di Castello. According to Vasari, his father placed him in the workshop of the Umbrian master Pietro Perugino as an apprentice "despite the tears of his mother". The evidence of an apprenticeship comes only from Vasari and another source, and has been disputed—eight was very early for an apprenticeship to begin. An alternative theory is that he received at least some training from Timoteo Viti, who acted as court painter in Urbino from 1495.Most modern historians agree that Raphael at least worked as an assistant to Perugino from around 1500; the influence of Perugino on Raphael's early work is very clear: "probably no other pupil of genius has ever absorbed so much of his master's teaching as Raphael did", according to Wölfflin. Vasari wrote that it was impossible to distinguish between their hands at this period, but many modern art historians claim to do better and detect his hand in specific areas of works by Perugino or his workshop. Apart from stylistic closeness, their techniques are very similar as well, for example having paint applied thickly, using an oil varnish medium, in shadows and darker garments, but very thinly on flesh areas. An excess of resin in the varnish often causes cracking of areas of paint in the works of both masters. The Perugino workshop was active in both Perugia and Florence, perhaps maintaining two permanent branches. Raphael is described as a "master", that is to say fully trained, in December 1500. His first documented work was the Baronci altarpiece for the church of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino in Città di Castello, a town halfway between Perugia and Urbino. Evangelista da Pian di Meleto, who had worked for his father, was also named in the commission. It was commissioned in 1500 and finished in 1501; now only some cut sections and a preparatory drawing remain. In the following years he painted works for other churches there, including the Mond Crucifixion (about 1503) and the Brera Wedding of the Virgin (1504), and for Perugia, such as the Oddi Altarpiece. He very probably also visited Florence in this period. These are large works, some in fresco, where Raphael confidently marshals his compositions in the somewhat static style of Perugino. He also painted many small and exquisite cabinet paintings in these years, probably mostly for the connoisseurs in the Urbino court, like the Three Graces and St. Michael, and he began to paint Madonnas and portraits. In 1502 he went to Siena at the invitation of another pupil of Perugino, Pinturicchio, "being a friend of Raphael and knowing him to be a draughtsman of the highest quality" to help with the cartoons, and very likely the designs, for a fresco series in the Piccolomini Library in Siena Cathedral. He was evidently already much in demand even at this early stage in his career. Influence of Florence Raphael led a "nomadic" life, working in various centres in Northern Italy, but spent a good deal of time in Florence, perhaps from about 1504. Although there is traditional reference to a "Florentine period...
Category

19th Century Baroque Antique European Decorative Art

Materials

Gesso, Canvas, Wood

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