Charcoal Figurative Drawings and Watercolors

Title: Mid Century French Portrait Artist: Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: Pencil/ charcoal on artists paper Size: 25 (height) x 19 (width) Stamped: Verso Condition: Go...

Artist: Ian Hornak (1944-2002) Title: Renaissance Female Figure Study Year: circa 1963 Medium: Original drawing on vélin paper Size: 23 x 18 inches Condition: Good Provenance: Estate...

Signed lower right Provenance: Acquired from the artist Exhibited: Homage to Béla Czóbel: Paintings, Watercolors, Drawings,R. S. Johnson Fine Art, Chicago, 1990: no. 56 and reprodu...

A Vintage, Mid-Century Modern, Beatnik-era portrait study of a young male model with long hair by notable Chicago artist, Harold Haydon. The drawing is charcoal on paper dating circ...

Title: Mid Century French Male Bust Artist: Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: Pencil/ charcoal on artists paper Size: 19 (height) x 12.5 (width) Stamped: Verso Condition:...

Mid Century French Portrait Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: Pencil/ charcoal on artists paper, double sided Size: 10 (height) x 6.5 (width) Stamped Verso Condition: Good P...

Artist: Ian Hornak (1944-2002) Title: Renaissance Male Hand Figure Study Year: circa 1964 Medium: Charcoal on vélin paper Size: 18 x 23 inches Condition: Good Provenance: Estate of I...

Outstanding male portrait by 20th-century American artist, Vito Tomasello. Portrait of a young man, c.1950. Charcoal and pastel on paper, sheet measures an impressive 11 x14 inches...

Artist: Ian Hornak (1944-2002) Title: Renaissance Hand Study Year: circa 1963 Medium: Original drawing on vélin paper Size: 23 x 18 inches Condition: Good...

Provenance Grand Central Art Galleries, New York; Samuel B. and Marion W. Lawrence Collection; Christie's, Important American Paintings, Drawings, and Sculpture, November 29, 2007, l...

The dramatic, rich markings left by charcoal appear in the earliest primitive cave painting of early humans, which are believed to have been drawn with the charcoal created from burnt sticks. Of the various kinds of charcoal available today, David Becker often chooses vine charcoal which provides a smooth, softer line. Able to produce lines with either a subtle or strong quality, charcoal is wildly versatile, allowing Becker to approach texture, shading and tone with ease. He is able to capture both gestures and emotions with an intuitive mixture of the soft and the dark. David Becker Reflection #1 charcoal on paper 36h x 25w in 91.44h x 63.50w cm DB0009 David Becker Exhibitions 2017 Figure8, Gallery Victor Armendariz, Chicago, IL Coming Attractions, Gallery Victor Armendariz, Cicago, IL 2012 Eye Teeth Group Show, Paint Creek Center for the Arts, Rochester, MI 2011 Art Chicago 2011, Merchandise Mart, Chicago, IL 2010 Art Chicago 2010, Merchandise Mart, Chicago, IL 2009 David Becker Retrospective, Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, IL Art Chicago 2009, Merchandise Mart, Chicago, IL The 184th Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Art, National Academy Museum, NYC Selections, Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, IL 2008 Art Chicago 2008, Represented by Ann Nathan Gallery, Merchandise Mart, Chicago, IL 2007 Unruly Muse, Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, IL SOFA NY (Sculptural Objects Functional Art), Ann Nathan Gallery, 7th Regiment Armory, NY, NY Art Chicago, Merchandise Mart, Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, IL 2006 Palm Beach³, Ann Nathan Gallery, Palm Beach, FL 2005 SOFA NY (Sculptural Objects Functional Art), Ann Nathan Gallery, 7th Regiment Armory, NY, NY Art Chicago in the Park, Butler Field, Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, IL Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, IL Palm Beach³, Ann Nathan Gallery, Palm Beach, FL 2004 Contemporary Prints: National Academy Museum Collection, National Academy of Design, NYC Art Chicago 2004, Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, IL Fantastic & Visionary Art, touring exhibit: Orange, Manning, Riddoch, & Ballart Gallery, Australia Return of the Men, Peltz Gallery, Milwaukee, WI 2003 Art Chicago 2003, Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, IL Fantastic & Visionary Art, touring exhibit: Orange Regional Gallery, New South Wales, Australia National Academy of Design 178th Annual Exhibition, NY, NY 2002 Art Chicago 2002, Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, IL Art of the 20th Century, Ann Nathan Gallery, Park Ave. Armory, NY, NY Outsider Art Fair, The Puck Building @ Houston & Lafayette Sts., NYC Self and Other Portraits, Wisconsin Artists, Charles Allis Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI Return of the Men, Peltz Gallery, Milwaukee, WI 2001  Beyond the 50's, May 4 - July 1, Exhibit A, A Gallery of Art & Design, Birmingham, Michigan Outsider Art Fair, January 26-28, The Puck Building @ Houston & Lafayette Sts., NYC "FANTASTIC ART", April/May, Orange Regional Gallery, Orange NSW, Australia. David Becker: Etchings and Engravings, Ann Nathan Gallery, Chicago, solo exhibition of prints, February. 2000  Four person exhibition, Columbus State University, Columbus, Georgia, Oct. 31 - Nov. 27, 2000. 1999 National Academy 174th Annual Exhibition, NY University of Wisconsin-Madison Faculty, Elvehjem Museum of Art, Madison, WI Treasures Revealed: 19th and 20th Century American Works on Paper, National Academy, NY 1995 Bharat Bhavan International Biennial of Prints, Bhopal, India Contemporary Prints, Selections from John Szoke Gallery, NYC, Drew University, Madison, NJ Collection Update, 1994, National Academy of Design Museum, NY 1994 David Becker and Robert Sholties, Peconic Gallery, Suffolk Community College, Riverhead, NY In Black and White: Works by Four Printmakers, Atrium Gallery, University of Connecticut, Storrs Aesthetics of Athletics: Sports, Games, and Exercise, Charles A. Wustum Musem, Racine, WI GMI IX Award Winners, Art Center Gallery, Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg 1993 Take Home a Nude benefit auction, NY Academy of Art Graduate School Of Figurative Art, NY 1993 American Prints: Last Half 20th Century, Jane Haslem Gallery, Washingtion, DC Outstanding American Prints, Anderson Arts Center, Kenosha,WI National Academy of Design 168th Annual Exhibition, NY David Becker: Etchings, Davidson Galleries, Seattle, WA Portraits, Davidson Galleries, Seattle, WA 1992 The Print Fair, 7th Regiment Armory, NY 1991 166th Annual Exhibition, National Academy of Design, NY Alma College Collection, Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan Modes of Expression, Potsdam College, SUNY, Potsdam, NY 1990 With Nothing On, Prints and Drawings of the Nude, New Orleans Museum of Art, LA Prints by Printmakers, Staller Art Center, SUNY-Stonybrook, NY Publications/Reviews 2007 November 60 Years of North American Prints: 1947-2007, Boston U. Art Gallery, Boston, MA 2003 July 11 Isthmus, Madison, “Welcome to My Nightmare,” by Robert Cozzolino. 2001 March 14 The Wall Street Journal, "Time Off: A Week of Diversions." Review of Progressive Printmakers (LVM) exhibition. 2001 February Isthmus, Madison, "America's Printland," by Jennifer Smith. 2001 February Capital Times, "The Crowned Prints," by Kevin Lynch. 1999 July Progressive Printmakers: Wisconsin Artists & the Print Renaissance. 1995 – 1999 Who’s Who in America. 1993 Summer The Journal of the Print World, review. March 14 The New York Times, review. March 12 The Daily Oklahoman, review. 1990 Dec. 13 The Capital Times, review. April 28 The Washingtion Post, review. March 25 The New York Times, review. Summer The Journal of the Print World, review. Selected Collections - additional collections available on requestArkansas Arts Center Foundation, Little Rock, AR Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL Brooklyn Museum, NYC Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, OH Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit, MI Elvehjem Museum of Art, U of Wisconson-Madison Honolulu Academy of Arts, Honolulu, HI Library of Congress, Washington, DC Metropolitan Museum, Miami, FL Museo de Arte Moderno, Cali, Columbia National Academy, NY, NY National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC New York Public Library, NY Portland Art Museum, Portland, Oregon Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, MA United States Information Agency, Prague, Czech. Alberta College of Art, Alberta, Canada Albion College, Albion, MI Alma College, Alma, MI Art Center, South Bend, IN AT&T Corporate HQ, Plainfield, NJ Boston Printmakers, Boston, MA Bradley University, Peoria, IL Columbia Green Community College, Hudson, NY Columbus State University, Columbus, GA Davidson College, Davidson, NC Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA Georgia State University – Atlanta Hope College, Holland, MI Hunterdon Art Center, Clinton, NJ Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Madison Art Center, Madison, WI Marui Imai Inc., Sapporo, Japan Milwaukee Art Center, Milwaukee, WI Minot Art Association, Minot, ND North Carolina Print/Drawing Society, Charlotte, NC North Texas State University – Denton Ohio University – Athens Oklahoma Art Center, Oklahoma City, OK Oklahoma State University, OK Quad Graphics, Milwaukee, WI Silvermine Guild of Arts, New Canaan, CT Springfield College, Springfield, MA St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY State University of New York – Fredonia State University of New York – Potsdam Trenton State College, Trenton, NJ University of Arizona Museum of Art, Tucson, AZ University of Colorado-Boulder University of Dallas, TX University of Louisville, Louisville, KN University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada University of North Dakota – Grand Forks University of South Dakota – Vermillion University of Tennesse – Knoxville West Chester State College, West Chester, PA Western Kentucky University – Bowling Green Private Collections Carla Leighton, New York, NY Marc Hauser, Chicago, IL Michael John Hofer, Chicago, IL Drs. Mark & Helene Connolly, River Forest, IL Jamie Kalikow, New York, NY Dianne & Jim Blanco, Chicago, IL Denise Roberge, Palm Desert, CA Tish & Philip Messinger, Creskill, NJ Brian Wesphal & Michael McVicker, Chicago, IL Ralph Privoznik, Lafayette, IN Candice Groot, Evanston, IL Shomaker/Ruud Collection, Chicago, IL Braden Berkey and Robert Bartlett, Chicago, IL Bill and Karyn Silverstein, Highland Park, IL Steve Weitz, Lovettsville, VA Mary Allice Wimmer, Madison, WI Ann & Robert Avery...

Adams, Cassilly (American 1843-1921). NATIVE AMERICANS HUNTING - TWO DRAWINGS. Charcoal and watercolor, not dated. One signed within the matrix of the drawing, lower right. Each about 7 x 10 inches. Both with a tack hole top and and bottom, center, and with residue from an old mount, verso. One wih a 1/2 x 1/2 inch loss at the top right corner. The images fresh. One shows two hunters with grass head-dress disguises, crouched behind low grasses,each with a rifle, a killed deer between them, and a herd moving across the field on the far side of the grasses. The other depicts two hunters wearing animal-skin disguises, each with a rifle, crouched behind grasses, beyond which a small herd of bison grazes. The Pair: $1750.00 The following is from American Western Art...

The artist has covered New York collections for over 16 years and has interviewed, as a journalist, several fashion designers and personalities for different publications. He loves t...

Rosanna Gaddoni (Italian artist) Nocturne 65 x 50 cm ( framed in wood frame with museum glass) Measurement with included frame: 80 x 65 x 3 cm Charcoal on Paper The Italian artist R...

Auguste Legras (1817-1887) Portrait of a young man in profile, signed lower right Charcoal, red and white chalks on paper 45 x 31.5 cm Framed : 52 x 39 cm This particularly evocati...

Study for the Head of an Apostle or Saint Artist: Enrico Reffo (1831-1917) Medium: Charcoal and white chalk on colored paper Dimensions: [To be specified] Date: Late 19th - Early 20...

Mid Century French Portrait Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: Pencil/ charcoal /watercolour/ink on artists paper, double sided Size: 9.5 height) x 7.5 (width) Stamped Verso ...

Mid Century French Portrait Signed by Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: Pencil/ charcoal on artists paper, double sided Size: 10.75 (height) x 8.5 (width) Stamped Verso Cond...

Artist: Ian Hornak (1944-2002) Title: Renaissance Female Nude Figure Study Year: circa 1963 Medium: Original drawing on vélin paper Size: 23 x 18 inches Condition: Good Provenance: E...

A brightly colored, Mid-Century, watercolor and charcoal on paper image of a boy by notable artist Margo Hoff, titled "Sun Child". Image size: 31" x 22". Framed size: 34" x 25". ...

Mid Century French Portrait Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: Pencil/ charcoal on artists paper, double sided Size: 12 (height) x 9.5 (width) Stamped Verso Condition: Good Pr...

Black chalk heightened with white chalk on blue paper, 19cm x 15cm, (32cm x 27cm framed). First exhibiting at the Royal Academy in 1904, Philpot was elected as an Academician in 1923. Like many artists of his generation, he enjoyed a comfortable income from portraiture, which enabled him to paint less commercially successful and perhaps more personal subjects. His interest in the male nude and portraits of...

graphite, conte crayon and charcoal on Arches paper 30 x 19.5 inches unframed Signed 'Beard 1999' lower left corner Atelier stamp in lower right corner Unique figurative life study drawing of a seated male nude in graphite and conte crayon on Arches paper in a style that is at once traditional yet contemporary. Strong facial features and upper body muscles are evidence of the artist's excellent drafting skills. The handsome nude...

A large, detailed Art Deco pencil charcoal impressionist depiction of Can Can dancers which was executed circa 1956 by Frank G Howes. Excellent provenance. Signed lower right. Prov...

Untitled (Young woman seen from the back) Sanguine crayon, charcola and watercolor on paper, c. 1910 Signed with the estate stamp, Lugt 5169 lower left corner Provenance: Estate of ...

Artist: Ian Hornak (1944-2002) Title: Renaissance Male Nude Figure Study Year: circa 1963 Medium: Original drawing on vélin paper Size: 23 x 18 inches Condition: Good Provenance: Est...

James Van Fossan's "Back At The Stables (II)" (2024) is an original handmade charcoal and graphite drawing on paper that depicts a cowboy about to lean against a sawhorse. James Va...

-ARTIST STATEMENT- I depict my person in multiplicity with different selves representing dramatis personae. My likeness is both implicit and symbolic in the portrayal of my narrative; the drama involved in creating art and the artist’s role in society. I use realism to invite the viewer into mysterious inner worlds that are layered reflections of the outer. Dehumanizing environments are imbued with art historical references as a critique of power structures. The artist is an Everyman who is at odds with society and his self. Visually my work is a celebration of society’s dark undercurrents and its overlooked absurdities. I use charcoal and printmaking media as their tenebrous values add a fitting metaphor. The nuances of light and shadow seduce viewers into a world their better judgment would have them avoid. This provokes a sense of disquietude that causes viewers to assess our world through the austerity of a colorless, yet not humorless, light. -BIO- Christopher Ganz grew up in Northeast Ohio and from early on had a fertile imagination and an interest in art. Christopher's artistic education truly began at the University of Missouri, where his love of the human form led to many figure drawing classes and his exposure to the wonders of printmaking. Christopher's then went onto graduate school at Indiana University and a summer abroad program in Italy was a dream realized. Christopher then grasped charcoal with a renewed vigor and large, sfumato-laden drawings ensued. Christopher's artistic influences are many; from a seminal exposure to Dore's engravings of the Divine Comedy, to Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Goya, and up to Lucian Freud, Mark Tansey...

Artist: Ian Hornak (1944-2002) Title: Renaissance Male Hand Figure Study Year: circa 1964 Medium: Charcoal on vélin paper Size: 18 x 23 inches Condition: Good Provenance: Estate of I...

Henry Woon Charcoal Female Nude 2 c. 1950's Charcoal on Strathmore Charcoal Paper 25"x19 1/2"Unframed Signed in ink H Woon lower right His large portfolio of charcoal drawings was ...

Artist: Ian Hornak (1944-2002) Title: Renaissance Male Nude Figure Study Year: circa 1963 Medium: Charcoal on vélin paper Size: 18 x 23 inches Condition: Good Provenance: Estate of I...

Joseph Piccillo’s meticulous charcoal and graphite drawings and paintings reveal an exquisite draftsmanship tempered by emotional sensitivity. Piccillo presents an action-based assem...

Michallet (attributed). ACADEMIC MALE NUDE FIGURE STUDIES. Four Charcoal drawings, each on heavy wove paper, 19th Century. 24 1/2 x 19 1/8 inches (s...

Perfect for your cycling enthusiast! A 1930s charcoal on paper drawing of a bicycle race by artist Francis Chapin. Image size: 11" x 14". Archivally matted to 16" x 20". Provenance: Estate of the artist. Francis Chapin, affectionately called the “Dean of Chicago Painters” by his colleagues, was one of the city’s most popular and celebrated painters in his day. Born at the dawn of the 20th Century in Bristolville, Ohio, Chapin graduated from Washington & Jefferson College near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania before enrolling at the Art Institute of Chicago in 1922. He would set down deep roots at the Art Institute of Chicago, exhibiting there over 31 times between 1926 and 1951. In 1927 Chapin won the prestigious Bryan Lathrop Fellowship from the Art Institute – a prize that funded the artist’s yearlong study trip to Europe. Upon his return to the United States, Chapin decided to remain in Chicago, noting the freedom Chicago artists have in developing independently of the pressure to conform to pre-existing molds (as was experienced by artists in New York, for example). Chapin became a popular instructor at the Art Institute, teaching there from 1929 to 1947 and at the Art Institute’s summer art school in Saugatuck, Michigan (now called Oxbow) between 1934 – 1938 (he was the director of the school from 1941-1945). Chapin’s contemporaries among Chicago’s artists included such luminaries as Ivan Le Lorraine Albright...

Title: Charcoal Portrait of a Woman in Profile Artist: Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: signed black pen/charcoal on artists paper stuck on board, glass covered Size: 11 (...

Roger Hilton (British, 1911-1975), Seated Female Nude, Charcoal on Paper, apparently unsigned, cerused wood frame. Image: 10" H x 8" W; frame: 16.5" H x 14" W. Provenance: Jonathan C...

Figurative drawing with graphite, charcoal, and conte crayon on Arches paper 30 x 19 inches, unframed One piece of 30 x 19 inch Arches paper. Two drawings on opposite sides. These u...

Jean Dupas (French, 1882-1964) The Triumph of Venus charcoal on paper signed and dated '33/JEAN DUPAS' (lower right) 25 x 31.1/8 in. (63.5 x 79 cm.) Dupas was born in Bordeaux. He...

Pierre COMBET-DESCOMBES (1885-1966) Female Nude from behind, 1928 Charcoal on paper Signed with the stamp lower right Dated "26 sept 28" and annotated lower left Size of the work : 4...

Henri Harpignies (1819-1916) A Barrier on the hedge, study Signed lower left, annotation "branches séchées sur la barrière" (dried branches on the fence) on the upper right Charcoal...

GIOVANNI FRANCESCO BARBIERI, known as GUERCINO (1591-1666) Leaning Nude Man (recto); Kneeling Man, Hands Tied Behind His Back (verso) Black chalk heightened with white on light blu...

Rosanna Gaddoni (Italian artist) Gohst 42 x 33 cm ( framed in wood frame with museum glass) Measurement with included frame: 52 x 42 x 3 cm Charcoal on Paper The Italian artist Rosa...

This is a drawing of a naked man sitting by Mark Beard. This work is offered by CLAMP in New York City.

John Bowers Lounging Nude 1940s Charcoal on Paper 25"x19", unframed Came from a portfolio from the estate of John Bowers John Henry Bowers September 9, 1921 - January 30, 2017 Joh...

This drawing by Mark Beard is already framed, price includes framing. Untitled (Nude Man with Raised Leg) 1990 Signed and dated, l.l. Charcoal with red and white conté crayon on R...

Mid Century French Portrait Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: Pencil/ charcoal on artists paper, double sided Size: 13 (height) x 10 (width) Stamped Verso Condition: Good Pr...

Mid Century French Portrait Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: Pencil/ charcoal on artists paper, double sided Size: 9 (height) x 7 (width) Stamped Verso Condition: Good Prov...

Artist Unknown "Tie and Glasses" c. 1940s Charcoal and pencil on paper 13.5"x17" site 19"x23" rustic wood frame Unsigned

Roman Dances and Songs is an original modern artwork realized by an Anonymous Italian painter in the middle of the XIX Century. Original Drawing on paper: charcoal and pencil on iv...

Outstanding drawing realized fro Expo Roma by Carlo and Adolfo Coppedè in 1911. Charcoal on paper mounted on stretcher. Includes a beautiful iron frame by Roberto Fallani, realized...

A Dynamic, 1945 Mid-Century Modern Cubist Studio Scene, Artist's Sketch Class by Noted Chicago Painter, Harold Haydon (Am. 1909-1994). Artwork size: 11 x 8 1/2 inches, unframed, mo...

In this collection, British painter Michael Pemberton (b. 1974) suggests we each have a personal HUMAN ATMOSPHERE. An ether where we truly exist, unseen by the naked eye but as real ...

Edwin Carrillo, 24 de junio, 2016 by Celso Castro Charcoal on cardboard Image size: 40 H in. x 29 in. W (Erase signature with white paint) Unframed ____________ Undefined by medium...

Jules-Émile Saintin 1829-1894 French L’Heure du goûter! (Snack Time!) Signed "Jules-Émile Saintin" (lower right) Charcoal and white chalk on paper A tender moment unfolds as a young girl leans over her bowl of soup, savoring her midday snack with focus and delight. Her spoon rests beside a slice of bread on the polished tabletop, while a cup, perhaps filled with tea or chocolate, and a second piece of bread complete the simple yet cozy scene. Nearby, her stuffed toy lies temporarily forgotten atop a shawl, hinting at the world of play just briefly paused. The setting is intricately detailed. The dining room showcases a marble fireplace adorned with a clock, fine porcelain and delicate cups. Saintin’s composition captures the quiet grace of the moment as well as the interplay of light and texture, skillfully rendered using only charcoal and white chalk. His ability to infuse luminosity into a monochrome drawing speaks to his refined technique and observational sensitivity. This work resonates with Saintin’s charming studies of children during his American period, such as A Little Girl Dozing Over Her Drawing (possibly a portrait of Jennie Walters), now in the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. Born in 1829 in Lemé, Saintin began painting at age 11 and was admitted to the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris by 16. Trained under Martin Drölling and Édouard Picot, he became an accomplished portraitist and debuted at the Salon des Artistes Français in 1848, earning several medals. In 1853, he moved to New York to work in a photography studio, soon dedicating himself fully to painting. He exhibited regularly at the National Academy of Design—becoming a member in 1858—and gained a strong reputation for his portraits of American elites, as well as for his depictions of landscapes and Native American clothing...

Artist: Ian Hornak (1944-2002) Title: Renaissance Male Foot Figure Study Year: circa 1964 Medium: Charcoal on vélin paper Size: 18 x 23 inches Condition: Good Provenance: Estate of I...

Title: Mid Century French Portrait Artist: Josine Vignon (French 1922-2022) Medium: Pencil/ charcoal on artists paper, double sided Size: 25 (height) x 19 (width) Stamped: Verso...

"The unusual shapes coming together in their raw simplistic form, how they interact with each other, the shapes creating their own language. I let them stand alone in their purest fo...

Charcoal and watercolor drawing on paper realized by Mino Maccari in the mid-20th Century. Very good condition.

Architectural Drawing is a modern artwork realized by Giuseppe Perotti in the Early 20th Century. Good conditions.

Work : Original Drawing, Handmade Artwork, Unique Work. Medium : Charcoal on Archival paper 300Gsm. Artist : Aurélie Sicas Subject : Sur l'ile VIII (series - French Title) Signature...