Louis Vuitton Osaka

Joan Mitchell was born in 1925 in Chicago, Illinois, and died in 1992 in Paris, France. She received her BFA and MFA from the Art Institute of Chicago in Illinois.

Mitchell's paintings and prints have been the subject of solo exhibitions at galleries and museums worldwide including the Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C.; the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, among others.

Mitchell's numerous awards include the Award for Painting from the French Ministry of Culture. Her work can be found in numerous public collections including the Art Institute of Chicago; the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the National Gallery of Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C.; the J. Paul Getty Trust in Los Angeles, California; the Musée National d’Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, France; and the Museum of Modern Art and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, among others.

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Beginning in the early 20th century, abstract art became a leading style of modernism. Rather than portray the world in a way that represented reality, as had been the dominating style of Western art in the previous centuries, abstract paintings, prints and sculptures are marked by a shift to geometric forms, gestural shapes and experimentation with color to express ideas, subject matter and scenes.

Although abstract art flourished in the early 1900s, propelled by movements like Fauvism and Cubism, it was rooted in the 19th century. In the 1840s, J.M.W. Turner emphasized light and motion for atmospheric paintings in which concrete details were blurred, and Paul Cézanne challenged traditional expectations of perspective in the 1890s.

Some of the earliest abstract artists — Wassily Kandinsky and Hilma af Klint — expanded on these breakthroughs while using vivid colors and forms to channel spiritual concepts. Painter Piet Mondrian, a Dutch pioneer of the art movement, explored geometric abstraction partly owing to his belief in Theosophy, which is grounded in a search for higher spiritual truths and embraces philosophers of the Renaissance period and medieval mystics. Black Square, a daringly simple 1913 work by Russian artist Kazimir Malevich, was a watershed statement on creating art that was free “from the dead weight of the real world,” as he later wrote.

Surrealism in the 1920s, led by artists such as Salvador Dalí, Meret Oppenheim and others, saw painters creating abstract pieces in order to connect to the subconscious. When Abstract Expressionism emerged in New York during the mid-20th century, it similarly centered on the process of creation, in which Helen Frankenthaler’s expressive “soak-stain” technique, Jackson Pollock’s drips of paint, and Mark Rothko’s planes of color were a radical new type of abstraction.

Conceptual art, Pop art, Hard-Edge painting and many other movements offered fresh approaches to abstraction that continued into the 21st century, with major contemporary artists now exploring it, including Anish Kapoor, Mark Bradford, El Anatsui and Julie Mehretu.

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