Horizontal Paintings

Robert Motelski's paintings are exceptional visions of nature, visions of space which surrounds us. They tell about being, fate and passing. They depend on the season of year, the ti...

American impressionist nude beach scene oil painting by Nathan Hoffman (1900 - 1979). Framed. Oil on board. Signed. Image size, 16H by 20L.

This atmospheric landscape painting depicts a rural scene with thatched cottages nestled among lush trees along a winding dirt path. The artist skilfully captures the interplay of li...

Superb Modern British abstract painting dating to 1969. The work is signed with the artists initials "RG" and dated 1969. The painting captures an amazing array of bright and colou...

Cadaques original expressionist acrylic painting RAVENTÓS Mª Assumpció – (San Sadurní d’Anoia, Barcelona 1930). Raventos trained at the elite Sant Jordi School of Fine Arts in Barc...

G.H. Ackermann "Wayside Gossip" early 20th century painting Oil on canvas 10.5" x 15.75" unframed 17" x 22" framed

La seine à Paris. Oil on canvas, 38x46.5 cm The artwork depicts a landscape scene of the Seine River in Paris. The dominant color palette of the painting consists of bright tones, ...

Oil Painting of Whale - Impasto Palette Knife Artwork on Canvas Dive into the mesmerizing beauty of the ocean with this stunning oil painting of a whale, created using the impasto t...

Impressionist oil painting of Scotland's Pittenweem harbor at twilight, title 'Pittenweem Evening' East Neuk of Fife, by Scottish artist John McGhie. Signe...

Vedutist painter of the 19th century View of Venice with St. Mark's Square towards the basilica oil on canvas 23 x 32 cm - with period frame 43 x 53 The proposed view captures the ...

A charming Venetian scene with gondola oil on canvas painting by the French artist, Johanne Schiefer. This painting is a wonderful example of his work from the prime of his career. Here you see figures walking with gondolas and an abundance of color and life. The magic is being felt with all the magnificent details, as Schiefer captures the architecture of Venice so beautifully; you can feel the energy of the day and the excitement. The piece is signed by the artist lower left and it comes housed in a gold tone carved wood frame with hanging wire on verso ready to be displayed. Art measures 12 x 16 inches Frame measures 16.5 x 20.5 inches Johannes Schiefer was born in 1896 in the Netherlands, and quickly gained notoriety for his landscapes, still life’s and portraits. Schiefer won the Prix de Rome at the age of 19 and studied at the Düsseldorf Academy in Germany, and then moved to Paris where he continued his studies in art at the Beaux Arts, and later at the Villa Medici in Rome. He traveled to paint across Europe, primarily France and Italy and also Latin America. When he married, he settled down in Nice France, and during the late thirties, he traveled and painted the coastline of the South of France, as well as Venice and the Adriatic. He remained in France until 1942, when he moved to New York with his family after the birth of their daughter, future actress Joanna Miles. Already an artist of stature when he arrived in New York, he settled with his family on Long Island, and for the next 30 years, Schiefer kept on painting and built a solid reputation as an important American artist. The Schiefers also had a son, Johannes Jr. After the war, Schiefer maintained a Paris studio and became a resident of Los Angeles for a time in the 1950s. For the next 30 years Schiefer kept on painting and during his career had numerous one man shows, having exhibitions at: Gallery Zak in Paris; Kunsthaus in Hamburg; Kunsthalle in Munich; Stiebel Galleries in Paris; O'Connor Gallery in Ontario; Museum of Modern Art, Wildenstein & Co, Carol Carstairs Gallery and Schoeneman Galleries in New York City; Esther Robles Gallery, County Museum and Vigoveno Galleries in Los Angeles; and the San Francisco Museum. Like Picasso, Schiefer never permitted himself to be “type-cast” in a single monotonous style. If there is anything that typifies his work, it is his versatility, his deft handling of subdued tones to create a unique brilliance of light and color that stamps every painting with his own individuality. In February 1964, Ethel Kennedy...

5-3494 Oil on canvas figurative traveling to orient. Set in a silvered wood frame

Island Of Majorca Cathedral of Santa Maria of Palma by Antonio M. Silva Watercolor of the Basilica de Palma on Majorca by Antonio M. Silva (Portugal, 20th C.) Wide view of the villag...

De Hirsh Margules (1899-1965). Christopher Street, 1939. Watercolor on Arches wove paper. Signed and dated in pencil by artist lower margin. Sheet measures 15.5 x 20 inches. Window in matting measures 15 x 19 inches. Framed measurement: 23 x 30 inched. Bears fragment of original label affixed on verso. Incredibly vibrant and saturated color with no fading or toning of sheet. Provenance: Babcock Galleries, NYC Exhibited: The American Federation of Arts Traveling Exhibition. From the facade of The Waverly at Christopher is depicted One Christopher Street, the 16-story Art Deco residential building erected in 1931. It is not a casual coincidence that the structure appears in this cityscape: 1 Christopher Street is the subject. The original intention of this project was to transform the neighborhood, bring a bit of affluence and make a bid to rival the Upper West Side. Margules, a sensitive aesthete, understood how a massive piece of architecture such as One changes a neighborhood. Sound, scale and focal points are forever altered. A pedestrian's sense of depth and distance becomes pronounced. All of these factors contribute to the intent behind this image. Tall buildings disrupt the human scale, change the skyline and carve up space. In this piece, negative space conforms to the man-made geometries. Clouds become gems fixed in settings. De Hirsh Margules (1899–1965) was a Romanian-American "abstract realist" painter who crossed paths with many major American artistic and intellectual figures of the first half of the 20th century. Elaine de Kooning said that he was "[w]idely recognized as one of the most gifted and erudite watercolorists in the country". The New York Times critic Howard Devree stated in 1938 that "Margules uses color in a breath-taking manner. A keen observer, he eliminates scrupulously without distortion of his material." Devree later called Margules "one of our most daring experimentalists in the medium" Margules was also a well-known participant in the bohemian culture of New York City's Greenwich Village, where he was widely known as the "Baron" of Greenwich Village.[1] The New York Times described him as "one of Greenwich Village's best-known personalities" and "one of the best known and most buoyant characters about Greenwich Village. Early Life De Hirsh Margules was born in 1899 in the Romanian city of Iași (also known as Iasse, Jassy, or Jasse). When Margules was 10 weeks old, his family immigrated to New York City. Both of his parents were active in the Yiddish theater, His father was Yekutiel "Edward" Margules, a "renowned Jewish actor-impresario and founder of the Yiddish stage." Margules' mother, Rosa, thirty-nine years younger than his father, was an actress in the Yiddish theater and later in vaudeville. Although Margules appeared as a child actor with the Adler Family[11] and Bertha Kalich, his sister, Annette Margules, somewhat dubiously continued in family theater and vaudeville tradition, creating the blackface role of the lightly-clad Tondelayo (a part later played on film Hedy Lamarr) in Earl Carroll's 1924 Broadway exoticist hit, White Cargo. Annette herself faced stereotyping as an exotic flower: writing about her publicist Charles Bouchert stated that "Romania produces a stormy, temperamental type of woman---a type admirably fitted to portray emotion." His brother Samuel became a noted magician who appeared under the name "Rami-Sami." Samuel later became a lawyer, representing magician Horace Goldin, among others. A family portrait including a young De Hirsh, a portrait of Rosa and Annette together, and individual photos of Rosa and Edward can be found on the Museum of the City of New York website. At around age 9 or 10, Margules took art classes with the Boys Club on East Tenth Street, and his first taste of exhibition was at a student art show presented by the club. By age 11, he had won a city-wide prize (a box camera) at a children's art show presented by the department store Wanamakers. As a young teenager, Margules was already displaying a characteristic kindness and loyalty. Upon hearing that two friends (one of them was author Alexander King), were in trouble for breaking a school microscope, the nearly broke Margules gave them five dollars to repair the microscope . Margules had to approach a wealthy man that Margules had once saved on the subway from a heart attack. Margules didn't reveal the source of the five dollars to King until twenty-five years later. In his late teens, Margules studied for a couple of months in Pittsburgh with Edwin Randby, a follower of Western painter Frederic Remington. Thereafter he pursued a two-year course of studies in architecture, design and decoration at the New York Evening School of Art and Design, while working as a clerk during the day at Stern's Department Store. He was encouraged in these artistic pursuits by his neighbor, the painter Benno Greenstein (who later went by the name of Benjamin Benno). Artistic career In 1922, Margules began work as a police reporter for the City News Association of New York .Margules then considered himself something of an expert on art, and the painter Myron Lechay is said to have responded to some unsolicited analysis of his work with the remark "Since you seem to know so much about it, why don't you paint yourself?" This led to study with Lechay and a flurry of painting. Margules' first show was in 1922 at Jane Heap's Little Review Gallery. Thereafter Margules began to participate in shows with a group including Stuart Davis, Jan Matulka, Buckminster Fuller (exhibiting depictions of his "Dymaxion house") in a gallery run by art-lover and restaurateur Romany Marie on the floor above her cafe. Jane Heap, left, with Mina Loy and Ezra Pound During the 1920s, Margules traveled outside of the country a number of times. In 1922, with the intent of reaching Bali, he took a job as a "'wiper on a tramp steamer where [he] played nursemaid to the engine." He reached Rotterdam before he turned back. He would return to Rotterdam shortly thereafter. In 1927, Margules took a lengthy leave of absence from his day job as a police reporter in order to travel to Paris, where he "set up a studio in Montmartre's Place du Tertre, on the top floor of an almost deserted hotel, a shabby establishment, lacking both heat and running water." He studied at the Louvre and traveled to paint landscapes in provincial France and North Africa. Margules also joined the "Noctambulist" movement and experimented with painting and showing his artwork in low light.Jonathan Cott wrote that: the painter De Hirsch Margulies sat on the quays of the Seine and painted pictures in the dark. In fact, the first exhibition of these paintings, which could be seen only in a darkened room, took place in [ Walter Lowenfels'] Paris apartment. Elaine de Kooning remarked that studying the works of the Noctambulists confirmed Margules' "direction toward the use of primary colors for perverse effects of heavy shadow." It was also in Paris that Margules initially conceived his idea of "Time Painting", where a painting is divided into sectors, each representing a different time of day, with color choices meant to evoke that time of day. In Paris, his social circle included Lowenfels, photographer Berenice Abbott, publisher Jane Heap, composer George Anthiel, sculptor Thelma Wood, painter André Favory, writer Norman Douglas, writer and editor George Davis, composer and writer Max Ewing, and writer Michael Fraenkel. Upon his return to New York in 1929, Margules attended an exhibition of John Marin's paintings. While at the exhibition, he "launched into an eloquent explanation of Marin to two nearby women", and was overheard by an impressed Alfred Stieglitz. The famous photographer and art promoter invited Margules to dine with his wife, the artist Georgia O'Keeffe, and his assistant, painter Emil Zoler. Stieglitz thereafter became a friend and mentor to Margules, becoming for him "what Socrates was to his friends." Alfred Stieglitz Stieglitz introduced Margules to John Marin, who quickly became the most important painterly influence upon Margules. Elaine de Kooning later noted that Margules was "indebted to Marin and through Marin to Cézanne for his initial conceptual approach - for his constructions of scenes with no negative elements, for skies that loom with the impact of mountains." Margules himself said that Marin was his "father and ... academy." The admiration was by no means unreciprocated: Marin said that Margules was "an art lover with abounding faith and sincerity, with much intelligence and quick seeing." Stieglitz also introduced Margules to many other artistic and intellectual figures in New York. With the encouragement of Alfred Stieglitz, Margules in 1936 opened a two-room gallery at 43 West 8th Street called "Another Place." Over the following two years there were fourteen solo exhibitions by Margules and others, and the gallery was well-respected by the press. It was in this gallery that the painter James Lechay, Myron's brother, exhibited his first painting. In 1936, Margules first saw recognition by major art museums when both the Museum of Modern Art and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston purchased his works. In 1942, Margules gave up working as a police reporter, and apparently dedicated himself thereafter solely to an artistic vocation. "The Baron of Greenwich Village"[edit] Margules made his mark not only as an artist, but also as an outsized personality known throughout Greenwich Village and beyond. To local residents, Margules was known as the "Baron", after Baron Maurice de Hirsch, a prominent German Jewish philanthropist. Margules was easily recognizable by the beret he routinely wore over his long hair. Writer Charles Norman said that he "dressed with a flair for sloppiness." He was said to "know everybody" in Greenwich Village, to the extent that when the novelist and poet Maxwell Bodenheim was murdered, Margules was the first one the police sought to identify the body. Margules' letters show him interacting with art world figures such as Sacha Kolin, John Marin and Alfred Stieglitz, as well as with prominent figures outside the art world such as polymath Buckminster Fuller and writer Henry Miller. Most of his friends and acquaintances found Margules a generous and voluble man, given to broadly emotionally expressive gestures and acts of kindness and loyalty. In 1929, he exhibited an example of this loyalty and fellow-feeling when he appeared in court to fight what the wrongful commitment of his friend, writer and sculptor Alfred Dreyfuss, who appeared to have been a victim of an illicit attempt to block an inheritance. The Greenwich Village chronicler Charles Norman described the bone-crushing hugs that Margules would routinely bestow on his friends and acquaintances, and speaks of the "persuasive theatricality" that Margules seemed to have inherited from his actor parents. Norman also wrote about Margules' routine acts of kindness, taking in homeless artists, constantly feeding his friends and providing the salvatory loan where needed. Norman also notes that Margules was blessed with a loud and good voice, and was apt to sing an operatic air without provocation. The writer and television personality Alexander King said I think the outstanding characteristics of my friend's personality are affirmation, emphasis, and overemphasis. He chooses to express himself predominantly in superlatives and the gestures which accompany his utterances are sometimes dangerous to life and limb. Of the bystanders, I mean. King also spoke with affectionate amusement about Margules' pride in his cooking, speaking of how "if he should ever invite you to dinner, he may serve you a hamburger with onions, in his kitchen-living room, with such an air of gastronomic protocol, such mysterious hints and ogliing innuendoes, as if César Ritz and Brillat-Savarin had sneaked out, only a moment before, with his secret recipe in their pockets." Margules was such a memorable New York personality that comic book writer Alvin Schwartz imagined him at the Sixth Avenue Cafeteria in a risible yet poignant debate with Clark Kent about whether Superman had the ability to stop Hitler. Margules' entrenchment in the Greenwich Village milieu can be seen in a photograph from Fred McDarrah's "Beat Generation Album" of a January 13, 1961 writers' and poets' meeting to discuss "The Funeral of the Beat Generation", in Robert Cordier [fr]'s railroad flat at 85 Christopher Street. Among the people in the same photograph are Shel Silverstein...

Antique Canadian impressionist winter landscape oil painting by Joseph Archibald Browne (1862 - 1948). Oil on board. Signed. Framed. Measuring 15 by 19 inches overall and 10 by 14 pa...

Artist: Alexander Litvinov Work: Original oil painting, handmade artwork, one of a kind Medium: Oil on Cardboard Style: Classic Figurative Year: 2001 Title: Jesus Christ Size: 20.5"...

A delightful oil painting of a large riverside town with figures foraging and children playing on a bright summer's day. The oil has been illegibly signed to the lower right corner. ...

Along the path on a walk, a vivid impressionist oil painting by Carol H. Kelly (American, 20th Century). Signed "C.H. Kelly" and dated "70" lower right. Unframed. Image size, 18.5"H ...

Work on canvas with frame Total size with frame: 86x66x6 cm Jean-Louis GETAZ is an artist born in 1931 and died in 2002. His works have been sold at public auction 60 times, mainly...

"The painting was painted en plein air on Lake Garda in Italy." said Anna about this landscape painting. "That day, my friends and I were painting at the Villa Cletus, where olive tr...

English Harvest - Vintage 20th Century Impressionist Oil Painting with Horses & Figures by British Artist, David Hyde Art measures 16 x 12 inches Frame m...

Ignacio Gil Sala, was a painter, bohemian character, adventurous and intrepid traveler who knew how to capture his eyes to that world with his painting. After starting his artistic ...

Green Country House Landscape signed by Regine David (female French artist, 1910-2018) oil painting on canvas, unframed dated 57' canvas: 20 x 24 inches condition: This painting is i...

Antique Animal Painting "3 Rabbits in a Meadow" Dated 1920 Johan Cornelis Jacobus Lodewijk Stern (Dutch 1879-1939) OIl on canvas Signed and dated 1920 17 1...

5158 Antique American oil painting straberries in a basket interior scene Late 19th century

Gorgeous seascape of Pacific Grove, California just north of Carmel by Marie Duncan (American, 20th Century), c. 1990. Signed lower right corner. Excelle...

Cliffs and Cypresses at Pt. Lobos, California - Seascape Charles F. Cummins 1929 (American, 1850-1941). One of the beautiful coves from the cliffs near the ocean at Point Lobos State Park, the viewer looks out past several cypress trees towards a rocky point...

A charming landscape scene by Charles Walter Radclyffe (1817-1903), depicting a cattle drover gossiping with a local woman, partway over a stone bridge crossing. The composition has ...

Artist: Ara H. Hakobyan Work: Original Oil Painting, Handmade Artwork, One of a Kind Medium: Oil on Canvas Year: 2013 Style: Impressionism Subject: Evening View a Port, Size: 16" x ...

This one is unsigned. the second one is signed. Born in Paris in 1946 and raised in the heart of an idyllic French countryside near the Loire Valley, Jacques Lamy began painting at a very early age. Jacques completed his formal artistic training at the prestigious Ecole Nationale Superieur des Arts Decoratifs (Paris) in 1971. While there, he received the highest peer recognition in European Arts; the coveted Prix de Rome award for painting. Jacques Lamy’s career as an artist, designer and art teacher took him from his native France to life abroad in Spain, Africa, and the United States. His broad artistic interests and his classic training in art and design have enabled him to enjoy a wide variety of artistic experiences from designing furniture, lamps, tapestries, and elegant garden statuary to creating large scale murals for public viewing and enjoyment. in addition to his renowned mural work, Jacques received international recognition for his decorative fresco paintings. Jacques personal artistic style is very much a melding of old and new – a merging of a classically trained artist with a modern artistic vision. The medium is multi-media and the composition has a modern, abstract quality but the Old World training in design and composition lends the whole an air of classical grace. Examples can be seen in his studio-gallery in Dallas, Texas. ​Art Education Ecole National Superieure des Arts Decoratifs – Paris Art Teaching Casa de Velasquez – Madrid, Spain. National Institute of Art, Dakar, Senegal. Has taught art in France, Spain, and Africa Art Awards Prix de Rome de Peinture – Casa de Velasquez - 1971 Silver Medal for Industrial Creation - 1981 ​Museums Musee D'Art Roger Quillot, Clermont-Ferrand, France Jesuit Art Museum – Dallas, TX Exhibits 2012-current Represented by Wall Gallery – Dallas, TX, USA 2004 Jesuit Art Museum – Dallas, TX, USA ​ 2001-current Galerie Fine Art – Nantes, France 2000 City Hall, Chamalieres – France 1998 Ivanffy – Uhler Gallery – Dallas, TX 1994-1996 Jacques Lamy Fine Art Gallery 1995 Neiman Marcus- Dallas and Atlanta 1981-1984 Gallery Frederic Mechiche...

A small figure with a cart travels through a village down a tree lined road in this vintage figurative landscape done in the style of Utrillo, by Gu...

The Travelling Herd, Impressionist Landscape, Oil Painting, Signed English School, mid 19th century Oil painting on canvas, framed Framed size: 14.5 x 18.5 inches Majestic scenic oi...

Reticulum is an original artwork realized by Giorgio Lo Fermo (b. 1947) in 2020. Oil on canvas. Hand signed and dated by the artist on the back and hand signed on the lower left co...

"Freshly Shorn", is a 12x24 oil painting on board by artist Leslie Peck featuring a lively flock of freshly shorn sheep and lambs. The animals are framed under a canopy of bright gre...

Oil on panel by George Nemethy, signed lower right. This piece measures 16.25 x 18.25 inches including the frame, panel measures 8 x 10 inches and features the Sidewheeler Scott cru...

MODERNIST FOREST Oil on canvas Size: 49 x 60 cm (including frame) A very pleasant modernist landscape oil composition dated 1977, and painted by the established Swedish artist Ture ...

Landscape, c. 1930-40s, oil on panel, signed lower right, 16 x 20 inches Jeanette Maxfield Lewis was a California-based landscape painter and etcher. Born in Oakland, she spent much...

The Bullfight Huguette Ginet-Lasnier (French 1927-2020) inscribed verso wooden frame signed oil painting on canvas framed: 15 x 18.5 inches canvas: 14.75 x 18 inches. All the paintin...

A beautiful oil on canvas painting by the French artist, Jean Salabet. Salabet was a Parisian painter known for his colorful cityscapes depicting the times of his generation. His work is comparable to those of Jules Herve, Antoine Blanchard and Edouard Cortes. This painting is a wonderful example of his work from the prime of his career. Here you see the artists vendors selling paintings along the view of Notre Dame de Paris, located on the Île de la Cité in the 4th Arrondissement of Paris. People are scattered throughout between the tree lined street. The details are magnificent as Salabet captures the architecture of Paris so beautifully; you can feel the energy of the day and the excitement. The piece is signed by the artist lower left and it comes housed in a wonderful wood carved antique frame with linen liner and hanging wire on verso ready to be displayed. Art measures 10.75 x 13.75 inches Frame measures 16.25 x 19.25 inches Jean Salabet was a pseudonym used by the Spanish artist Juan Bayón Salado (1913-1995) in the mid-20th century. Juan Bayón Salado (Jean Salabet) was born in Bilbao Spain on June 24, 1913. He settled in Paris between 1950 and 1969 and when using the pseudonym Jean Salabet between 1950 and 1957 he was mainly selling his works through Mr...

Blue Expressionism is an original artwork realized by Giorgio Lo Fermo (b. 1947) in 2020. Original Oil Painting on Canvas. Hand-signed, dated and titled on the back. Hand-signed a...

Here for your consideration is a beautiful oil on wood panel painting of perfect summer beach day by the well known artist, Niek van der Plas. Signed lower right. Condition is exce...

"Cherry Trees in Bloom on the Seine (Cerisiers en Fleurs sur la Seine)" Raymond Thibesart (France, 1874-1968) Pastel on paper, circa 1920s Signed l.l. Circa 15 1/2 x 12 1/2 ( 20 1/2 ...

Signed fauvist oil on canvas laid on panel riverscape circa 1925 by French painter Louis Valtat. The work depicts a boat being rowed on the Bois de Boulogne lake in Paris, France. It...

Giacomo Guardi (Venice, 1764 - Venice, 1835) View of Venice with the Giudecca Canal and the Gesuati Church oil on canvas 34 x 42 cm. - framed 40 x 50 cm. Expertise dott Federica Sp...

Oriental dancer is an artwork realized by a french artist of 19th century. Signed lower left, unreadable.  Includes a wooden frame. Good conditions.

A fine English School landscape. Presented in an ornate gilt-effect frame with swept rails and elaborate corner mouldings. Signed to the lower right. On canvas on stretchers.

Michel Delacroix was born in 1933 on the Left Bank, in the 14th Arrondissement of Paris. He started painting at the early age of seven just as the German Occupation of Paris began. P...

Mystical Voyage oil/panel 11 x 14 image unframed, 17.5 x 20.38 framed Mystical Voyage is an oil painting on canvas panel by award winning contemporary artist Michael Budden that show...

Figurative Abstract French School small frame oil painting on board painting: 20.5 x 21 inches overall size: 21x 21 inches condition: overall very good and pleasing provenance: from ...

Mid-Century impressionist oil on board by Italian artist J. Torrelli. This painting of a lakeside at dusk, reminiscent of the 'Barbizon School', showcases impressionist painting tec...

French Valleys by Regine David (female French artist, 1910-2018) inscribed vero pastel painting on artist paper painting: 15 x 19 inches condition: This painting is in excellent cond...

Artist: Ara H. Hakobyan Work: Original Oil Painting, Handmade Artwork, One of a Kind Medium: Oil on Canvas Year: 2023 Style: Impressionism Title: Roses Size: 19.5" x 23.5" x 0.8'' in...

Midnight Blue Abstract by John Horwill, ARCA (British, 1927-1997) signed oil on canvas, framed framed: 15 x 19 inches canvas : 12 x 16 inches Provenance: private collection, the Cots...

The Departing Day by Frank Hider (1861-1933) signed oil on canvas, framed framed: 20 x 24 inches canvas: 14 x 18 inches provenance: private collection, UK...

A hazy view of the statue of Eros sat upon Shaftesbury's Memorial Fountain in London's Piccadilly Circus. The artist has used a limited palette in a streak like fashion to depict thi...

Porfirio Salinas (1910-1973) San Antonio Artist Image Size: 9 x 7 Frame Size: 18 x 22.5 Medium: Oil Circa late 1930s early 40s "Texas Hills & Valleys" Porfirio Salinas was a self-tau...