CARTIER 18K White Gold Diamond Wide Mesh Bracelets
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
A dazzling duet by Cartier, these wide mesh bracelets articulate a vision of structured brilliance
1990s Tennis Bracelets
Diamond, 18k Gold, White Gold
CARTIER 18K White Gold Diamond Wide Mesh Bracelets
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
A dazzling duet by Cartier, these wide mesh bracelets articulate a vision of structured brilliance
Diamond, 18k Gold, White Gold
$48,800Sale Price|20% Off
Cartier Trinity Triple Diamond Bangle Bracelets 18K Yellow Gold Set
By Cartier
Located in Chicago, IL
These refined Cartier Trinity triple diamond bangle bracelets embody timeless elegance and modern
Diamond, White Diamond, Yellow Gold, 18k Gold
CARTIER TRINITY COLLECTION 18k Tri Color Gold Bangle Bracelets Vintage 1980s
By Cartier
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
Cartier TRINITY COLLECTION 18k Tri Color Gold Bangle Bracelets Circa 1980s Vintage Here is your
Gold
Vintage Cartier Trinity Interlocking Bangle Bracelets in Tri-Tone 18 Karat Gold
By Cartier
Located in Scottsdale, AZ
from interlocking bands of 18 karat yellow, white, and rose gold, the bracelet represents love
Gold, 18k Gold, Rose Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Trinity Bangle, 18k Gold
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
A Cartier Trinity Bangle, 18k Rose, White and Yellow Gold. 68.70 grams. Signed and numbered.
18k Gold
Jewelry & Watches > Bracelets > Link Bracelets
By Cartier
Located in London, GB
Maker: Cartier Summary: Vintage 18ct Yellow Gold & Diamond Bracelet Description: A vintage gold
White Diamond, 18k Gold
Cartier 18k Gold Agrafe Bracelet With Cartier Logo Charm
By Cartier
Located in London, GB
Cartier 18k Gold Agrafe Bracelet With Cartier Logo Charm From Cartier's signature Agrafe collection
18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier 18K Gold Trinity Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Paris, FR
Amazing Vintage 3 Cartier bracelets in gold 18K. Cartier signature on it. One diamond is missing
Diamond, 18k Gold
Cartier Penelope Bracelet in 18K Gold
By Cartier
Located in Geneva, CH
Cartier Bracelet in 18K Gold Penelope collection Double C bracelet. The flexible bracelet
18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Vintage Cartier 18k Gold Link Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
Vintage Cartier 18k Gold Link Bracelet This vintage Cartier bracelet is crafted in 18k gold and
18k Gold
Cartier Diamond 18k White Gold Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Geneva, CH
Cartier, Bracelet diamonds 18K white gold. Signed Cartier. Numbered 0G5093. Length: 18.00
Diamond, 18k Gold, White Gold
Cartier 18k White Gold Love Bangle Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Boca Raton, FL
Cartier 18k White Gold Love Bangle Bracelet with Original Cartier Box and Screwdriver! This
18k Gold, White Gold
Cartier Panthere de Cartier 18k Rose Gold Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Feasterville, PA
The Cartier Panthère de Cartier Bracelet in 18k rose gold is a refined tribute to the maison’s
Rose Gold
Cartier Santos Tank 18k Gold Watch Charm
By Cartier
Located in Simpsonville, SC
, and unmistakably Cartier, this 18-karat gold Santos charm is a tiny icon with enormous character
Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
$51,440Sale Price|20% Off
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold 12 Charm Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
Cartier Santos charm bracelet crafted in 18K yellow gold, composed of a substantial Santos link
18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Panthere Bangle Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
Cartier Yellow Gold Panthere Head Bangle Bracelet 18K Yellow Gold A hinged Cartier 'Panthere
18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier, Platinum 18K Gold Diamond Bracelet, IAJA
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
A refined example of Cartier’s Art Deco mastery reflects the maison’s fascination with geometry and
Diamond, 18k Gold, Platinum
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Diamond Hinged Bangle
By Cartier
Located in Queens, NY
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Diamond Hinged Bangle, adorned with five flush set round faceted diamonds
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Diamond Line Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Great Neck Plaza, NY
An 18k yellow gold diamond line bracelet by Cartier. The bracelet features 53 round brilliant cut
Diamond, 18k Gold
Cartier Ecrou De Cartier Bracelet 18K Rose Gold Size 17 Banlge
By Cartier
Located in Aventura, FL
Size: 17 Width: 3.5mm Material: 18K Rose Gold (750/1000) Purchased Date: 2024 Condition: New Scope of
Gold, 18k Gold, Rose Gold
$62,400Sale Price|20% Off
Cartier Panthère de Cartier Cuff Bracelet 18K Yellow Gold with Box & Certificate
By Cartier
Located in Chicago, IL
bracelet is crafted in luminous 18K yellow gold and embodies the bold sophistication for which the Maison
18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier LOVE 18K White Gold Bracelet Size 19
By Cartier
Located in Southampton, PA
touch of luxury to any ensemble, the sleek 18K White Gold bangle includes the collections iconic
18k Gold, White Gold
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold C de Cartier Link Bracelet, 1980s, 46.4g
By Cartier
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
This pristine Estate C de Cartier link bracelet, crafted in 18K yellow gold, captures the elegance
18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Juste Un Clou Bracelet 18k White Gold
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
Cartier Juste un Clou bracelet, classic, 18K white gold, rhodium finish. Size 18. Width: 3.5mm
18k Gold, White Gold
Vintage Cartier Bracelet Tubogas 18k Gold Stainless Steel
By Cartier
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
A vintage Cartier bracelet in the classic Tubogas style, made from 18k gold and stainless steel
Gold, Yellow Gold, 18k Gold, Steel, Stainless Steel
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Emerald Elephant Charm Pendant
By Cartier
Located in Boca Raton, FL
This authentic Cartier elephant charm pendant is crafted in solid 18k yellow gold and features a
Emerald, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
$38,400Sale Price|20% Off
Cartier C de Cartier 18K Yellow and Rose Gold Diamond Link Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Chicago, IL
An icon of timeless elegance, this Cartier “C de Cartier” link bracelet is crafted in luminous 18k
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Five Charm Santos Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
An authentic Cartier charm bracelet crafted in 18 karat yellow gold, composed of a classic Santos
18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Diamond 18k Yellow Gold Ladybug Charm Pendant
By Cartier
Located in Simpsonville, SC
Embrace the enchanting allure of this Cartier Diamond 18k Yellow Gold Ladybug Charm Pendant, circa
White Diamond, Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Agrafe Diamond Onyx 18k White Gold Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Feasterville, PA
, crafted in 18k white gold and pavé-set with dazzling diamonds. The clasp not only secures the bracelet but
Diamond, Onyx, 18k Gold, White Gold
Cartier 18k Two Tone Gold Bracelet Circa 1960s
By Cartier
Located in ADELAIDE, SA
An original Cartier bracelet crafted in 18k two tone gold, featuring three strands of joined
18k Gold
$70,400Sale Price|20% Off
Cartier 2.50 Ct. Diamond Bracelet in 18k Gold
By Cartier
Located in Chicago, IL
This exceptional Cartier bracelet is crafted in solid 18k gold and distinguished by its striking
Diamond, White Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
$88,000Sale Price|20% Off
Cartier Panthère Diamond Bracelet in 18K Yellow Gold
By Cartier
Located in Chicago, IL
Iconic Cartier Panthère bracelet, crafted in 18K yellow gold and set with brilliant-cut natural
Diamond, White Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Hypnose Diamond Enamel 18k White Gold Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Feasterville, PA
The Cartier Hypnose Bracelet is a captivating blend of elegance and artistry. Crafted in 18k white
Diamond, 18k Gold, White Gold, Enamel
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Walking Panthere Cuff Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
An iconic and powerful statement piece from Cartier, this vintage Walking Panthère cuff bracelet
18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Vintage 1990s Cartier 18K Gold Gardening Motif Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Houston, TX
A vintage Cartier 18K yellow gold charm bracelet with gardener motif charms. Charms include a
18k Gold
Cartier 18K yellow gold bracelet set with diamonds
By Cartier
Located in Berlin, DE
wrists in a distinctive way. This bangle, crafted from 18-karat yellow gold, impresses with its classic
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
$80,000Sale Price|20% Off
Cartier 10 Carats 18K Yellow Gold Diamond Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Chicago, IL
Elegant Cartier bracelet, exquisitely crafted in 18K yellow gold and set with a striking array of
Diamond, White Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier 18k Gold Sapphire Diamond Panther Cuff Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Palm Beach, FL
A panther cuff bracelet in 18 karat yellow gold, diamond, and sapphire by Cartier. The flexible
Diamond, Onyx, Sapphire, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Double Love Diamond 18K White Gold Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Westport, CT
An authentic 18K white gold diamond double Cartier Love bracelet. Diamond Weight: 0.78 CT Serial
Diamond, White Gold, Gold, 18k Gold
Cartier Diamond 18K White Gold Fireworks Charm Pendant
By Cartier
Located in Simpsonville, SC
The Cartier Diamond 18K White Gold Fireworks Charm Pendant is a radiant celebration of light and
Diamond, Gold, 18k Gold, White Gold
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Diamond Pave Bangle Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Diamond Pave Bangle. Pave Diamonds with a Total Weight of 10.00 CTS
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Interlocking 18k Rose & Yellow Gold Stainless Bangle
By Cartier
Located in Feasterville, PA
An iconic Cartier bangle crafted in 18k yellow and rose gold and stainless steel. The design is
18k Gold, Rose Gold, Yellow Gold, Stainless Steel, Gold
Cartier Love Two Diamond Chain Bracelet 18K Yellow Gold
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
This Cartier Love diamond bracelet is made from 18K yellow gold. It features a round, center Love
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
CARTIER Estate 18k Love Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Narberth, PA
A phenomenal Cartier "LOVE" bracelet! Crafted in 18k rose gold, the surface of this bracelet
Gold, 18k Gold, Rose Gold
Cartier 18k Yellow and White Gold Cute Charm Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
Cartier 18k Yellow and White Gold Cute Charm Bracelet Details: Material: 18k yellow and white gold
18k Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Diamond 'Trinity' Bangle in 18k Yellow Gold
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
diamonds, set in 18k yellow gold. Gross weight 62.10 g. Stamped Cartier Paris with a serial number. Circa
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Tank Princess Cut Diamond 18k White Gold Bangle
By Cartier
Located in Boca Raton, FL
The product is a Cartier Tank Princess Cut Diamond bangle bracelet crafted in 18k white gold. This
Diamond, 18k Gold, White Gold
CARTIER Trinity 18k Gold Extra Large Bracelet Size 17
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
bangles crafted in 18k yellow, white, and rose gold. Made in France circa 1990s. Measurements: 0.35" (9mm
18k Gold
Cartier Trinity 6.45ct Diamond 18k Yellow Gold Bangle Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Feasterville, PA
The Cartier Trinity Diamond Bangle Bracelet in yellow gold is a radiant expression of the maison’s
Diamond, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Diamond 18K White Gold Cross Bracelet w/ Cert
By Cartier
Located in Simpsonville, SC
brand's exquisite craftsmanship. This bracelet is meticulously crafted from 18k white gold, offering a
Diamond, Gold, 18k Gold, White Gold
Cartier Love Bracelet in 18K Yellow Gold Size 19
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
Like-new, pristine condition Brand: Cartier Material: 18K Yellow Gold Type: Love Bracelet
18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Diamond Tennis 18k White Gold Multistrand Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Feasterville, PA
This Cartier diamond gold tennis bracelet is a perfect example of craftsmanship meeting flawless
Diamond, White Diamond, 18k Gold, White Gold
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Sapphire and Turquoise Line Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
Cartier 18K Yellow Gold Sapphire and Turquoise Line Bracelet Description: A refined Cartier
Sapphire, Blue Sapphire, Turquoise, Gold, 18k Gold, Yellow Gold
Cartier Trinity 18K Tri-Color Gold Rolling Bangle Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in New York, NY
An iconic Cartier Trinity bangle bracelet, crafted in solid 18 karat yellow gold, white gold and
18k Gold, White Gold, Yellow Gold, Rose Gold
Cartier 18k White Gold Just Un Clou (Nail) Bangle
By Cartier
Located in Boca Raton, FL
: Cartier Collection: Just Un Clou Material: 18k White Gold Diamond Details: This Just Un Clou Bangle
Gold, 18k Gold, White Gold
Cartier LOVE 18k Yellow Gold Size 18 Bangle Bracelet
By Cartier
Located in Boca Raton, FL
Cartier LOVE 18k Yellow Gold Size 18 Bangle Bracelet Discover timeless elegance with the Cartier
18k Gold, Yellow Gold, Gold
For its extraordinary range of bracelets, watches, rings and other adornments, French luxury house Cartier is undeniably one of the most well known and internationally revered jewelers in the world among clients both existing and aspirational.
Perhaps 1847 was not the ideal time to open a new watchmaking and jewelry business, as the French Revolution was not kind to the aristocracy who could afford such luxuries. Nevertheless, it was the year Louis-François Cartier (1819–1904) — who was born into poverty — founded his eponymous empire, assuming control of the workshop of watchmaker Adolphe Picard, under whom he had previously been employed as an assistant. Of course, in the beginning, it was a relatively modest affair, but by the late 1850s, Cartier had its first royal client, Princess Mathilde Bonaparte, niece of Napoleon Bonaparte, who commissioned the jeweler to design brooches, earrings and other accessories.
Under the leadership of Louis-François’s son, Alfred, who took over in 1874, business boomed. Royalty around the world wore Cartier pieces, including Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the Maharaja of Patiala and King Edward VII, who had 27 tiaras made by the jewelry house for his coronation in 1902 and issued Cartier a royal warrant in 1904. (Today, the British royal family still dons Cartier pieces; Kate Middleton, Duchess of Cambridge, regularly sports a Ballon Bleu de Cartier watch.)
Cartier’s golden years, however, began when Alfred introduced his three sons, Louis, Pierre and Jacques, to the business. The brothers expanded Cartier globally: Louis reigned in Paris, Pierre in New York and Jacques in London, ensuring their brand’s consistency at their branches across the world. The trio also brought in such talents as Charles Jacqueau and Jeanne Toussaint.
One of Cartier’s earliest major successes was the Santos de Cartier watch — one of the world's first modern wristwatches for men. (Previously, a large number of people were using only pocket watches.) Louis designed the timepiece in 1904 for his friend, popular Brazilian aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont, who wanted to be able to check the time more easily while flying.
Cartier’s other famous timepieces include the Tank watch, which was inspired by the linear form of military tanks during World War I, and the so-called mystery clocks. Invented by watchmaker and magician Jean-Eugène Robert-Houdin and later crafted exclusively for Cartier in the house’s workshop by watchmaker Maurice Couët, the mystery clocks were so named because the integration of glass dials on which the clocks’ hands would seemingly float as well as structures that are hidden away within the base give the illusion that they operate without machinery.
On the jewelry side of the business, Cartier’s internationally renowned offerings include the Tutti Frutti collection, which featured colorful carved gemstones inspired by Jacques’s trip to India and grew in popularity during the Art Deco years; the panthère motif, which has been incorporated into everything from brooches to rings; and the Love bracelet, a minimal, modernist locking bangle inspired by medieval chastity belts that transformed fine jewelry.
While the Cartier family sold the business following the death of Pierre in 1964, the brand continues to innovate today, renewing old hits and creating new masterpieces.
Find contemporary and vintage Cartier watches, engagement rings, necklaces and other accessories on 1stDibs.
Gold is the feel-good metal, the serotonin of jewelry. Wear vintage and antique gold necklaces, watches, gold bracelets or gold rings and you feel happy, you feel dressed, you feel, well, yourself.
Gold, especially yellow gold, with its rich patina and ancient pedigree going back thousands of years, is the steady standby, the well-mannered metal of choice. Any discussion of this lustrous metal comes down to a basic truth: Gold is elementary, my dear. Gold jewelry that couples the mystique of the metal with superb design and craftsmanship achieves the status of an enduring classic. Many luxury houses have given us some of our most treasured and lasting examples of gold jewelry over the years.
Since its founding, in 1837, Tiffany & Co. has built its reputation on its company jewelry as well as its coterie of boutique designers, which has included Jean Schlumberger, Donald Claflin, Angela Cummings and Elsa Peretti. There are numerous gold Tiffany classics worth citing. Some are accented with gemstones, but all stand out for their design and the workmanship displayed.
For the woman who prefers a minimalist look, the Tiffany & Co. twist bangle (thin, slightly ovoid) is stylishly simple. For Cummings devotees, signature pieces feature hard stone inlay, such as her pairs of gold ear clips inlaid with black jade (a play on the classic Chanel black and tan), or bangles whose design recalls ocean waves, with undulating lines of lapis lazuli and mother-of-pearl. And just about any design by the great Jean Schlumberger is by definition a classic.
Even had he eschewed stones and diamonds, Southern-born David Webb would be hailed for the vast arsenal of heavy gold jewelry he designed. Gold, usually hammered or textured in some manner, defines great David Webb jewelry. The self-taught jeweler made very au courant pieces while drawing inspiration from ancient and out-of-the-way sources — East meets West in the commanding gold necklaces made by Webb in the early 1970s. The same could be said for his endlessly varied gold cuffs.
In Europe, many houses have given us gold jewelry that sets the highest standard for excellence, pieces that were highly sought after when they were made and continue to be so.
Numerous designs from Cartier are homages to gold. There are the classic Trinity rings, necklaces and bracelets — trifectas of yellow, white and rose gold. As a testament to the power of love, consider the endurance of the Cartier Love bracelet.
Aldo Cipullo, Cartier’s top in-house designer from the late 1960s into the early ’70s, made history in 1969 with the Love bracelet. Cipullo frequently said that the Love bracelet was born of a sleepless night contemplating a love affair gone wrong and his realization that “the only remnants he possessed of the romance were memories.” He distilled the urge to keep a loved one close into a slim 18-karat gold bangle.
BVLGARI and its coin jewelry, gemme nummarie, hit the jackpot when the line launched in the 1960s. The line has been perennially popular. BVLGARI coin jewelry features ancient Greek and Roman coins embedded in striking gold mounts, usually hung on thick link necklaces of varying lengths. In the 1970s, BVLGARI introduced the Tubogas line, most often made in yellow gold. The Tubogas watches are classics, and then there is the Serpenti, the house's outstanding snake-themed watches and bracelets.
A collection called Monete that incorporated the gold coins is one of several iconic BVLGARI lines that debuted in the 1970s and ’80s, catering to a new generation of empowered women. Just as designers like Halston and Yves Saint Laurent were popularizing fuss-free ready-to-wear fashion for women on the go, BVLGARI offered jewels to be lived in.
Since Van Cleef & Arpels opened its Place Vendôme doors in 1906, collection after collection of jewelry classics have enchanted the public. As predominantly expressed in a honeycomb of gold, there is the Ludo watch and accessories, circa the 1920s, and the golden Zip necklace, 1951, whose ingenious transformation of the traditional zipper was originally proposed by the Duchess of Windsor. Van Cleef's Alhambra, with its Moroccan motif, was introduced in 1968 and from the start its popularity pivoted on royalty and celebrity status. It remains one of VCA’s most popular and collected styles.
Mention must be made of Buccellati, whose name is synonymous with gold so finely spun that it suggests tapestry. The house’s many gold bracelets, typically embellished with a few or many diamonds, signified taste and distinction and are always in favor on the secondary market. Other important mid-20th-century houses known for their gold-themed jewelry include Hermès and Ilias Lalaounis.
Find a stunning collection of vintage and antique gold jewelry on 1stDibs.
Today, antique and vintage bracelets are versatile and universally loved accessories that can add polish and pizzazz to any ensemble.
Bracelets were among the jewels discovered to have been buried with Pharaoh Tutankhamun when his tomb was unearthed in 1922, and wrist and arm bracelets were allegedly worn by Queen Puabi in Sumer, southern Mesopotamia. But preceding the adornments of Ancient Egypt and elsewhere, the people of prehistoric times likely wore the decorative accessory, fashioning it from shells and fish bones. When the Bronze Age allowed for more durable materials and semiprecious stones to be incorporated into jewelry, bracelets became a treasured symbol of wealth.
In the thousands of years following the debut of the world’s first bracelets, the artistry behind this common accessory has only broadened, with designers at popular jewelry houses growing more venturesome over time. David Webb looked to nature for his Animal Kingdom bracelets, and for her best-selling bracelets and more at Tiffany & Co., Elsa Peretti would frequently do the same. From bangles to tennis bracelets, the modern age offers plenty of options.
Internationally acclaimed bracelet designs have on occasion become powerful symbols of status, style and, in the case of Cartier's iconic design, love. The Cartier Love bracelet can be found on the wish list of most jewelry lovers and on the wrist of some of the world’s biggest stars. Its arrangement of mock screwheads and distinctive functionality — it was initially locked and unlocked with an accompanying vermeil screwdriver — is an enduring expression of loyalty, unity and romance. (Do you know how to spot a fake Cartier Love bracelet?)
While the Love bracelet has played a role in the skyrocketing popularity of cuff-style bracelets, they are far from the only glamorous option for collectors. Make a statement with an Art Deco design, a style that sees all kinds of iterations fitted with studded cuffs, one-of-a-kind shapes and dazzling insets. A chunky vintage gold bracelet in the Retro style will prove eye-catching and elevate any outfit.
One of the best things about bracelets, however, is that you never have to choose just one. Style icon Jacqueline Kennedy stacked her Croisillon bracelets — designed by Jean Schlumberger for Tiffany & Co. — with such frequency that the ornate bangles were eventually dubbed “Jackie bracelets” by reporters. Contemporary silver pieces can easily complement each other, rendering a layering of luxury almost a necessity.
Find a diverse collection of bracelets that you can sort by style, stone cut and more on 1stDibs.
This iconic jewel has captured countless hearts with its elegant design and its amatory symbolism. Counterfeiters have taken note of the demand and created fake versions. If you’re looking for a genuine Cartier Love bracelet, it’s crucial to check all the elements for authenticity. Our guide will teach you the telltale traits of a knockoff.
The decades-old design is one of the most sought-after pieces of jewelry in the world.
Soak up the pleasures of the season with a these bold gems.