Skip to main content

Noguchi L

to
36
316
52
279
258
92
49
37
25
22
13
11
3
3
2
1
1
273
124
27
20
9
Sort By
Early Rare Isamu Noguchi Akari "L", Ozeki, 1951, 1st Edition
By Ozeki & Co. Ltd. 1, Isamu Noguchi
Located in Mortsel, BE
Introducing the iconic "Akari" Lamp model "L" designed by the legendary Isamu Noguchi. This
Category

Vintage 1950s Japanese Minimalist Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Bamboo, Paper

Early IN-50 Coffee Table with Green Glass by Isamu Noguchi
By Herman Miller, Isamu Noguchi
Located in Grand Rapids, MI
Noguchi for Herman Miller. CONDITION NOTES: The original glass is in fair condition with one area that has
Category

Vintage 1940s American Mid-Century Modern Coffee and Cocktail Tables

Materials

Uranium Glass, Ash

Jacks Dining Table with Black Base and Smoked Glass Top
By Isamu Noguchi
Located in Grand Rapids, MI
measures 40.5" L x 4.5" in diameter
Category

1990s American Mid-Century Modern Dining Room Tables

Materials

Metal

Spectacular Fifties Etagere from Bonbon shop in Paris for Exclusive Objects
By Isamu Noguchi
Located in Amsterdam IJMuiden, NL
the legs 13.5 kg Dimensions Three x glass top of 105 cm L x 62 cm W Two x glass top kidney shape 55
Category

Vintage 1950s French Mid-Century Modern Cupboards

Materials

Brass

Belle de Nuit, Electric Lamp in white Porcelain and Metal, L, YMER&MALTA, France
By Océane Delain, YMER&MALTA
Located in PARIS, FR
ceramicist. “Belle de Nuit – Electric” family consists of two different sizes M and L and two ceramic
Category

2010s French Other Table Lamps

Materials

Metal

Belle De Nuit, Battery Lamp in white Porcelain and Metal, L, YMER&MALTA, France
By Océane Delain, YMER&MALTA
Located in PARIS, FR
. The “Belle de Nuit” family consists of four different sizes, XS, S, M and L and two ceramic textures
Category

2010s French Other Table Lamps

Materials

Metal

Poise, Lighting Pendant in black and white Paper and Lead, L, YMER&MALTA, France
By YMER&MALTA, Sebastian Bergne
Located in PARIS, FR
was studying Isamu Noguchi’s work to develop the Akari Unfolded collection, she was captivated by one
Category

2010s French Other Chandeliers and Pendants

Materials

Paper

Belle de Nuit, Battery Lamp in white Porcelain and Metal, XS, YMER&MALTA, France
By Océane Delain, YMER&MALTA
Located in PARIS, FR
. The “Belle de Nuit” family consists of four different sizes, XS, S, M and L and two ceramic textures
Category

2010s French Other Table Lamps

Materials

Metal

Belle de Nuit, Battery Lamp in white Porcelain and Metal, M, YMER&MALTA, France
By Océane Delain, YMER&MALTA
Located in PARIS, FR
. The “Belle de Nuit” family consists of four different sizes, XS, S, M and L and two ceramic textures
Category

2010s French Other Table Lamps

Materials

Metal

Belle de Nuit, Battery Lamp in white Porcelain and Metal, S, YMER&MALTA, France
By Océane Delain, YMER&MALTA
Located in PARIS, FR
. The “Belle de Nuit” family consists of four different sizes, XS, S, M and L and two ceramic textures
Category

2010s French Other Table Lamps

Materials

Metal

Belle de Nuit, Electric Lamp in white Porcelain and Metal, M, YMER&MALTA, France
By YMER&MALTA, Océane Delain
Located in PARIS, FR
ceramicist. “Belle de Nuit – Electric” family consists of two different sizes M and L and two ceramic
Category

2010s French Other Table Lamps

Materials

Metal

Pierre Chapo T21a dining table in Elmwood France 1960
By Pierre Chapo
Located in Roosendaal, Noord Brabant
to the French capital, he opened his own gallery in 1958 on boulevard de l’Hôpital 14, where among
Category

Vintage 1960s French Mid-Century Modern Dining Room Tables

Materials

Elm

Pierre Chapo B30 shelving unit in Elm France 1960
By Pierre Chapo
Located in Roosendaal, Noord Brabant
opened his own gallery in 1958 on boulevard de l’Hôpital 14, where among other artists mainly his and
Category

Vintage 1960s French Mid-Century Modern Bookcases

Materials

Elm

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Eye Sconce Wall Lamp Set
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
designing light fixtures. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Flame Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Eye Sconce Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
designing light fixtures. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Eye Sconce Wall Lamp Set
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Saturn Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Antony Table Lamp
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
designing light fixtures. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Table Lamps

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Saturn Table Lamp
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Simple Agrafée Table Lamp
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Bibliothèque Ceiling Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Bronze, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Three Rotating Straight Arms Wall Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern More Lighting

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Modern White Three Fixed Arms Spider Ceiling Sconce Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Six Rotaiting Arms Ceiling Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Signal Column Floor Lamp Set
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
fixtures. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps

Materials

Aluminum

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Saturn Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Three Rotating Straight Arms Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
fixtures. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Brass

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black One Rotating Curved Arm Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Modern White Five Curved Fixed Arms Spider Ceiling Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the Société des
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Bibliothèque Ceiling Lamp
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the Société des
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Bronze

Serge Mouille Modern Black Two Rotating Straight-Curved Arms Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

French Brutalist Oak Coffee Table, in the style of Pierre Chapo, 1950s, Handmade
By Pierre Chapo
Located in Forest, BE
; dans son atelier il découvre le travail du bois, et décide de s'inscrire à l'École nationale supérieure
Category

Mid-20th Century French Brutalist Coffee and Cocktail Tables

Materials

Hardwood

Vintage Poster Saul Steinberg Galerie Maeght Paris France
By Saul Steinberg
Located in Surfside, FL
inches; Frame: 22 1/4 x 29 inches. Plate signed and dated l/r with sticker upper right corner. Saul
Category

1970s American Modern Figurative Prints

Materials

Screen

Pierre Chapo TGV table in solid elm France 1979
By Pierre Chapo
Located in Roosendaal, Noord Brabant
gallery in 1958 on boulevard de l’Hôpital 14, where among other artists mainly his and Isamu Noguchi
Category

Vintage 1970s French Mid-Century Modern Dining Room Tables

Materials

Elm

Pierre Chapo TGV table in solid elm France 1979
Pierre Chapo TGV table in solid elm France 1979
H 29.14 in W 88.59 in D 39.38 in
Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Saturn Wall Lamp Set of Two
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the Société des Artistes Décorateurs
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black One Rotating Stright Arm Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smiting department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Bronze, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Seven Fixed Arms Spider Ceiling Lamp
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Japanese Modern Coffee Table SM6002 by Isamu Kenmochi, 1960's
By Isamu Kenmochi
Located in Uccle, BE
Dimensions : H 45 cm x L 120 cm x D 60 cm or H 17.7 x 47.2 x 23.6 inches Coffee table designed
Category

Vintage 1960s Japanese Minimalist Coffee and Cocktail Tables

Materials

Elm, Plywood

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Saturn Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Brass

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Cocotte Table Lamp
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Table Lamps

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Small Snail Ceiling Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the Société des
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern More Lighting

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Aluminium Small Signal Column Floor Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps

Materials

Aluminum

Serge Mouille Modern Black Five Curved Fixed Arms Spider Ceiling Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
designing light fixtures. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Three Rotating Arms Floor Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Spider Five Broken Arms Ceiling Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the Société des Artistes Décorateurs
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Bronze, Steel

Ferdinando Meccani “Corinto” Dining Table Italy, 1978
By Ferdinando Meccani
Located in New York, NY
resembles a column and creates a kind of trompe l'oeil in which the frame parts create a sense of movement
Category

Vintage 1970s Italian Modern Dining Room Tables

Materials

Glass, Cherry, Wenge

Serge Mouille Modern Black Anthony Wall Lamp Whit Round Fixation Box Set
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern White Five Fixed Arms Spider Ceiling Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted into the Société des
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Flush Mount

Materials

Aluminum, Bronze, Steel

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Two Fixed Arms Ceiling Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

21st Century and Contemporary French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and ...

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Black "Suspension" Two Fixed and One Rotating Curved Arm Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

Serge Mouille Modern White Five Curved Fixed Arms Spider Ceiling Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Brass

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Large Snail Ceiling Wall Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
designing light fixtures. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Brass

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Simple Agrafée Table Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Brass

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Antony Table Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Table Lamps

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Brass

Pierre Chapo B17C bookcase in elm France 1967
By Pierre Chapo
Located in Roosendaal, Noord Brabant
French capital, he opened his own gallery in 1958 on boulevard de l’Hôpital 14, where among other artists
Category

Vintage 1960s French Mid-Century Modern Bookcases

Materials

Elm

Pierre Chapo B17C bookcase in elm France 1967
Pierre Chapo B17C bookcase in elm France 1967
H 72.05 in W 111.82 in D 13.78 in
Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Antony Table Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was inducted
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Table Lamps

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Brass

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Three Fixed Arms Spider Ceiling Lamp
By Editions Serge Mouille, Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
fixtures. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Brass

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Flame Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In 1955 he was
Category

2010s French Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Steel, Brass

Serge Mouille Mid-Century Modern Black Two Rotating Straight Arms Wall Lamp
By Serge Mouille, Editions Serge Mouille
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
. During this period he was also supervising the gold smithing department at l'École des Arts Appliqués. In
Category

2010s European Mid-Century Modern Wall Lights and Sconces

Materials

Aluminum, Brass, Steel

  • 1
Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "Noguchi L", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.

Noguchi L For Sale on 1stDibs

Choose from an assortment of styles, material and more with respect to the noguchi l you’re looking for at 1stDibs. Frequently made of metal, wood and paper, every noguchi l was constructed with great care. There are 804 variations of the antique or vintage noguchi l you’re looking for, while we also have 3 modern editions of this piece to choose from as well. You’ve searched high and low for the perfect noguchi l — we have versions that date back to the 20th Century alongside those produced as recently as the 21st Century are available. A noguchi l, designed in the Mid-Century Modern, Modern or Art Deco style, is generally a popular piece of furniture. A well-made noguchi l has long been a part of the offerings for many furniture designers and manufacturers, but those produced by Isamu Noguchi, Akari and Knoll are consistently popular.

How Much is a Noguchi L?

Prices for a noguchi l can differ depending upon size, time period and other attributes — at 1stDibs, they begin at $100 and can go as high as $177,291, while the average can fetch as much as $2,379.

A Close Look at mid-century-modern Furniture

Organically shaped, clean-lined and elegantly simple are three terms that well describe vintage mid-century modern furniture. The style, which emerged primarily in the years following World War II, is characterized by pieces that were conceived and made in an energetic, optimistic spirit by creators who believed that good design was an essential part of good living.

ORIGINS OF MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE DESIGN

CHARACTERISTICS OF MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE DESIGN

MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE DESIGNERS TO KNOW

ICONIC MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE DESIGNS

VINTAGE MID-CENTURY MODERN FURNITURE ON 1STDIBS

The mid-century modern era saw leagues of postwar American architects and designers animated by new ideas and new technology. The lean, functionalist International-style architecture of Le Corbusier and Bauhaus eminences Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius had been promoted in the United States during the 1930s by Philip Johnson and others. New building techniques, such as “post-and-beam” construction, allowed the International-style schemes to be realized on a small scale in open-plan houses with long walls of glass.

Materials developed for wartime use became available for domestic goods and were incorporated into mid-century modern furniture designs. Charles and Ray Eames and Eero Saarinen, who had experimented extensively with molded plywood, eagerly embraced fiberglass for pieces such as the La Chaise and the Womb chair, respectively. 

Architect, writer and designer George Nelson created with his team shades for the Bubble lamp using a new translucent polymer skin and, as design director at Herman Miller, recruited the Eameses, Alexander Girard and others for projects at the legendary Michigan furniture manufacturer

Harry Bertoia and Isamu Noguchi devised chairs and tables built of wire mesh and wire struts. Materials were repurposed too: The Danish-born designer Jens Risom created a line of chairs using surplus parachute straps for webbed seats and backrests.

The Risom lounge chair was among the first pieces of furniture commissioned and produced by legendary manufacturer Knoll, a chief influencer in the rise of modern design in the United States, thanks to the work of Florence Knoll, the pioneering architect and designer who made the firm a leader in its field. The seating that Knoll created for office spaces — as well as pieces designed by Florence initially for commercial clients — soon became desirable for the home.

As the demand for casual, uncluttered furnishings grew, more mid-century furniture designers caught the spirit.

Classically oriented creators such as Edward Wormley, house designer for Dunbar Inc., offered such pieces as the sinuous Listen to Me chaise; the British expatriate T.H. Robsjohn-Gibbings switched gears, creating items such as the tiered, biomorphic Mesa table. There were Young Turks such as Paul McCobb, who designed holistic groups of sleek, blond wood furniture, and Milo Baughman, who espoused a West Coast aesthetic in minimalist teak dining tables and lushly upholstered chairs and sofas with angular steel frames.

As the collection of vintage mid-century modern chairs, dressers, coffee tables and other furniture for the living room, dining room, bedroom and elsewhere on 1stDibs demonstrates, this period saw one of the most delightful and dramatic flowerings of creativity in design history.