19th Century Figurative Sculptures
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Period: 19th Century
Goldscheider terracotta "OTHELLO" Marked, Austria, circa 1895
By Goldsheider
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
Goldscheider terracotta "OTHELLO" Marked, Austria, circa 1895.
Category
Austrian Art Nouveau Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta
Picault - Dalila, Signed Bronze Sculpture, Late 19th Century
Located in MARSEILLE, FR
Delilah, patinated bronze sculpture: bust of a woman, very expressive and realistic of the biblical character
Delilah is a female character known from the Old Testament, mainly for ...
Category
French Moorish Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
French Silk Textile Portrait, Marie Thérèse of France, Louis XV's Daughter
Located in Downingtown, PA
French Royal painted silk textile portrait,
Marie Thérèse of France,
Madame D' Angoulême,
Eldest daughter of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette and o...
Category
French Charles X Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Silk
Italian Bronze Grand Tour Seated Hermes After the Antique
Located in Wormelow, Herefordshire
A large-scale late 19th century Italian Grand Tour bronze of the ‘Seated Hermes’ after the antique, ex. private UK collection. Also known as ‘Resting Hermes’ or ‘Seated Mercury’, thi...
Category
Italian Neoclassical Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Metal, Bronze
Italian Large Bronze Relief of Madonna and Child with Saints, Circa 1850
Located in CH
Italian Large Bronze Relief of a Madonna and Child, Saint John and Saint Elizabeth, after Pierino da Vinci, Circa 1850
This 19th century bronze plaque...
Category
Italian Renaissance Revival Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Marble Sculpture Signed Clodion, French 19th Century
Located in Miami, US
An impressive marble sculpture depicting a Nymph and Child, crafted in the celebrated 18th-century Rococo style. Signed "Clodion," this piece reflects the charm and finesse that mark...
Category
French Rococo Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Marble
Olympians Bronze Sculpture by Jef Lambeaux
Located in Houston, TX
Large sculpture in bronze of two Olympian wrestlers signed on the base Jef Lambeaux, a Belgian sculptor, born in Antwerp. Studied at the academy of fine arts in Antwerp. He showed a ...
Category
Belgian Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
19th Century Hugo Frantiska Salm Bronze Knight Sculpture
Located in Stamford, CT
Fabulous Hugo Frantisek Salm bronze sculpture of a knight dated 1844 Salm. The last photo shows the identical bronze on display in a museum in Prague, Czech Republic. The quality and...
Category
Czech Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Grand Tour bronze figure of “The Dying Gaul”, After The Antique
Located in Montreal, QC
A late 19th century Grand Tour bronze figure of “The Dying Gaul”, after the antique. The Dying Gaul depicts a warrior in his final moments, next to his shield and sword, his face contorted in pain just before he collapses from the mortal wound to his chest The original marble figure, which is in the Capitoline museum in Rome is thought to be a Roman copy of a Greek sculpture in Bronze. As an image of a vanquished enemy, the sculpture embodies courage in defeat, self-possession in the face of death, and the recognition of nobility in an alien race.
“The Dying Gaul” was found in Rome with another ancient marble...
Category
Italian Classical Greek Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Bronze Sculpture of a Mythical Faun by Clodion
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Mesmerizing bronze sculpture from the late 19th century of a mythical faun creature playing a flute by Claude Michel Clodion. This character gracefully rests on an elegant marble pl...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Marble, Bronze
French, 19th Century, White Carrara Marble Statue of Napoleon
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A striking French 19th century white Carrara marble statue of Napoleon. The statue is raised by a fine circular ground designed base where Napoleon is standing. He is dressed in his ...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Marble
Late 19th Century Live Size Renaissance Revival Italian Figural Carved Sculpture
Located in Chicago, IL
This late 19th-century carved wooden sculpture is a lifesize depiction of a young nobleman of the Italian Renaissance. The piece is made entirely from wood and carved gesso under an ebonized finish, giving it the illusion of an oxidized bronze sculpture. The young man is posed in a classic Contrapposto stance, which is an Italian term that means "counterpoise". This term usually refers to a standing human figure carrying its weight on one leg so that the opposite hip rises to produce a relaxed curve in the body, a dynamic pose that is most associated with Renaissance art. He establishes his stance with a hand on his large belt and one hand in the air holding a torch. This Renaissance revival piece is highly detailed through intricate workmanship, down to the Lion of Saint Mark...
Category
Italian Renaissance Revival Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Plaster, Wood
An Antique French Bronze signed Auguste Moreau, Late 19th Century
Located in Lambertville, NJ
A late 19th Century Art Nouveau patinated bronze sculpture of a young boy with instrument. Artist signed Auguste Morea, with the French bronze hallmark on base. 24 inches tall
Category
Art Nouveau Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Pair of Antique Meissen Porcelain Figures of Malabar Musicians
Located in London, GB
Pair of antique Meissen porcelain figures of Malabar musicians
German, Late 19th Century
Woman: Height 33cm, width 13cm, depth 11cm
Man: Height 32cm, width 20cm, depth 11cm
Expertly crafted in the late 19th century by the artists at Meissen, the figures depict a charming pair of Malabar musicians. The design of this pair is after models by Friedrich Elias Meyer (German 1723–1785), an artist at Meissen.
The figure of a lady is playing the hurdy-gurdy and the moustached man the guitar. Both figures are wearing a pale straw hat, their bodies covered by a maroon-coloured and fur lined jacket...
Category
German Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Porcelain
Life-Size Marble Sculpture of Spring by Antonio Frilli
Located in London, GB
Life-size marble sculpture of Spring by Antonio Frilli
Italian, late 19th century
Height 159cm, width 47cm, depth 40cm
This superb sculpture is the work of Antonio Frilli, a renowned Italian artist active in the late 19th century, who founded the Frilli gallery...
Category
Italian Renaissance Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Marble
19th Century Henri Picard Children Gilt Bronze Sculpture
By Henri Picard
Located in CABA, AR
Henri Picard, a master of artistic metalwork during the opulent Second Empire period in France, remains a figure of enduring fascination and admiration in the realms of antique art a...
Category
French Napoleon III Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
19th Century Grand Tour Bronze Statue of Narcissus
Located in Brighton, Sussex
A very good quality Grand Tour patinated bronze figure of Narcissus, dating from the last quarter of the 19th century.
Narcissus was a hunter in Greek mythology and he was distinguished for his beauty.
This well patinated bronze classical figure...
Category
Italian Grand Tour Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
French Antique Bronze Sculpture “Awakening of Nature” by Emile Picault
Located in Shippensburg, PA
EMILE PICAULT
French, 1833-1915
"Reveil de la Nature" (The Awakening of Nature)
Sand-cast patinated bronze signed to naturalistic base "E. PICAULT" with the title of the work embo...
Category
French Romantic Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Porcelain biscuit sculpture "Young Woman at the Fountain", by Nicolas Lecorney
Located in Paris, FR
Very large white biscuit signed on the base "Lecorney" and debossed "EB Paris", depicting an elegant figure in the round of a young woman draped in the antique style, collecting wate...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Porcelain
A French Antique Carved White Marble Bust of Louis XIV 'The Sun King' Circa 1890
Located in Los Angeles, CA
A French Antique Carved Marble Bust of Louis XIV, a masterful embodiment of artistry and historical grandeur. Crafted with precision and reverence, this carved marble bust captures t...
Category
French Napoleon III Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Carrara Marble
A Finely Sculpted 19th Century Alabaster Figural Group of Ariadne & The Panther
By Johann Heinrich von Dannecker 1
Located in Ottawa, Ontario
A large & finely sculpted alabaster figure of Ariadne, wife of Dionysus the God of wine, shown adorned with a diadem of vine leaves while in repose atop the back of Dionysus’s stridi...
Category
Italian Neoclassical Revival Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Alabaster
Pair of 19th Century Green Marble Egyptian Style Candlesticks with God Figure
Located in Palm Desert, CA
A late 19th century pair of Egyptian style green marble candlesticks with stately male figures on a circular pedestal. Each candlestick is com...
Category
Egyptian Revival Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Marble
Mid19th Century Spanish Virgin Mary of the Sacred Heart Painted Wooden Sculpture
Located in Marbella, ES
Antique mid-19th century Spanish hand carved painted wooden sculpture of Virgin Mary of the Sacred Heart with glass eyes.
Category
Spanish Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
19th Century Wood Carved Angel Sculpture, Spain, 1800
Located in Madrid, ES
Spanish carving sculpture of an angel in flight. The piece is totally handcrafted in carved and polychromed wood with gold leaf details.
Category
Spanish Romantic Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
German Pair of Dresden Male & Female Bulldog Porcelain Figures
Located in Los Angeles, CA
German Pair of Dresden Male & Female Bulldog Porcelain Figures (Late 19th Century).
Category
German Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Porcelain
Lot of Three Indian Terracotta Processional Figures
Located in Ottawa, Ontario
Lot of three Indian terracotta processional figures.
Krishnanagar, Bengal, 19th Century.
Painted terracotta figures, depicting two males and one female musician...
Category
Indian Tribal Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta
Italian 19th Century Solid White Carrara Marble Statue of a Bound Woman
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A stunning and extremely high quality Italian 19th century solid white Carrara marble statue of a woman with bound hands and feet. The statue,...
Category
Italian Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Marble
19thC. Oversized Chinese Cobalt Blue Glazed Earthenware Models of Mythical Beast
Located in Los Angeles, CA
This captivating pair of large 19th Century Chinese earthenware models showcases intricate craftsmanship and vivid cobalt blue glazing, reflecting traditional Chinese artistry. Each ...
Category
Chinese Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
19th Century Bronze of Napoleon on Horseback
Located in Martlesham, GB
A lovely quality 19th century French bronze of Napoleon on horseback standing on a moulded bronze plinth terminating on a dark grey variegated ma...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
19th Century Terracotta Uriela Statue, Titled "Fille de Capri"
Located in North Palm Beach, FL
A very rare terracotta Uriela statue, stamped as made in Cologne, has a hand-carved title "FiLLE DE Capri" on the front. "Fille De Capri" translates to Capri Girl. The woman is carry...
Category
German Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta
Allegorical Group 'The Disarming Of Cupid', E. Andresen, Meissen Germany, c 1890
Located in Vienna, AT
Very delicate Meissen porcelain group of the late 19th century:
Three beautiful young women with artfully pinned-up hair and wrapped in loose cloths grouped on a high towering rock, ...
Category
German Baroque Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Porcelain
Large Hand Carved Singa Singa Tribal Carving from the Batak People, Sumatra
Located in Yonkers, NY
A large antique hand carved tribal sculpture from the Batak People, northern Sumatra, called a Singa Singa. Behold the striking allure of this large antique hand-carved Singa Singa, ...
Category
Indonesian Tribal Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Italian 19th Century Grand Tour Bronze Sculpture of Narcissus, after Pompeii
Located in Los Angeles, CA
An Italian 19th century grand tour - Greco Roman bronze sculpture of Narcissus, after the original sculpture excavated in 1862 at Pompeii. The green...
Category
Italian Greco Roman Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
True Pair Of French 19th Century Rouge Griotte Marble And Bronze Statues
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A lovely true pair of French 19th century Rouge Griotte marble and patinated Bronze cherub statues. Each charming statue is raised on a circular R...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze, Ormolu
Pair of 19th Century Gilt and Silvered Bronze Sculptures of Women
Located in Norwood, NJ
Rare pair of bronze sculptures by Emile Herbért. Fine quality silvered and gilt bronze figures of a warrior woman and a poet women dressed accordingly with military attire and poetic words. Signed and foundry marked with the G. Servant mark.
Pierre-Eugène-Emile Hébert, French, (1828 - 1893).
A native Parisian, Hébert apparently lived and worked in the capital until his death. He was born in 1828, and studied sculpture privately, with his father Pierre (1804-1869) and Jean-Jacques Feuchère (1807-1852), both of whom pursued modestly successful careers in the Salon and as public sculptors beginning in the 1830s. Hébert learned extensively from their very divergent paths. Whereas Pierre Hébert...
Category
French Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Gold, Silver, Bronze
French Spelter Warrior Statues 'Bookends'
Located in San Francisco, CA
C. 19th century amazing French spelter warrior statue bookends w/ gilded helmets & shields.
Category
Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Spelter
19th Century French Animalier "Guerrier du Caucase" by Antoine L Barye
Located in London, GB
"Guerrier du Caucase" by Antoine L Barye
Excellent French bronze study of a mounted Caucasian Warrior in full armour, the bronze with excellent hand chased surface detail and rich green, brown, black and orange patination, signed BARYE. A fabulous example of this important sculpture in optimal condition.
Additional Information
Height: 20 cm
Width: 17 cm
Depth: 7 cm
Condition: Excellent Original Condition
Foundry: Atelier Barye
circa: 1874
Materials: Bronze
Book Ref BARYE Catalogue Raisonne des Sculptures by Michel Poletti – Alain Richarme
Page no. 78
Description
Antoine Louis Barye
“The Michelangelo of the Menagerie”
These are the words of Théophile Gautier in praise of Barye’s genius. Throughout his life Barye endeavoured to capture the fundamental nature of the animal kingdom in all its diversity, wild or tame, exotic or familiar, cruel or gentle, bringing to life the roaring, trembling, living beasts.
The son of a goldsmith, apprenticed to a steel engraver at a young age, Barye found himself making moulds for ornaments, acquiring knowledge that he would later build on to produce his exquisitely chased bronzes. When he was called up at seventeen, he joined the army’s topographic brigade where he used clay to model raised relief maps...
Category
French Art Nouveau Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
A Patinated Bronze Statue of a Seated Classical Scholar Signed Doriot
By Theodore Doriot
Located in Vancouver, British Columbia
A finely cast bronze sculpture of an expressive classically draped Greek scholar seated on a curule chair holding a lyre in one hand and an an open scroll in the other, both symb...
Category
French Neoclassical Revival Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
19th Century Marble Statue of Mother and Child
Located in Brighton, Sussex
An enchanting 19th century carved marble statue of a seated mother and child playing on her shoulders.
Category
French Romantic Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Carrara Marble
Boy Fishing Terracotta Statue by Goldscheider
Located in New Orleans, LA
This exceptional and monumental antique terracotta sculpture was crafted at Vienna’s renowned Goldscheider manufactory. This enchanting sculpture, model #1225, depicts a charming genre scene of a young boy...
Category
Austrian Art Nouveau Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta
Qing Dynasty Period 19th Century Hand-Carved Head Sculpture of an Official
Located in Yonkers, NY
A Qing dynasty period hand-carved head sculpture from the 19th century, with headdress. Carved in China during the Qing Dynasty, this 19th-centur...
Category
Chinese Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Stone
Anatole J. Guillot Bronze Sculpture Depicting "Seated woodcarver with dog"
Located in Milano, IT
Beautiful bronze sculpture made by Anatole J. Guillot, French sculptor of the second half of the 19th century. The brightness of the bronze enhances the sinuosity of the forms giving a beautiful light-shadow effect traceable especially among the small carvings...
Category
Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Meissen Porcelain Fall Figural Group
Located in New Orleans, LA
A pair of putti holding symbols of the harvest adorn this Meissen porcelain figural group entitled Fall. Part of the company's Seasons series, these charming characters rest upon a r...
Category
German Rococo Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Porcelain
"Enfant au Coq" a Bronze Sculpture of a Child and Cock after Cecioni Adriano
Located in Philadelphia, PA
"Enfant au Coq"
A bronze sculpture of a child and cock after Cecioni Adriano, depicting a young child holding a rooster aloft.
The bronze has a warm ...
Category
French Belle Époque Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Meissen group, a courting couple, with classical bust behind.
Located in Brighton, Sussex
An enchanting Meissen porcelain group depicting lovers standing infront of a classical marble bust, a young boy rocking a cot, a ship and dog.
Blue crossed swords to the base.
Batc...
Category
German Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
Materials
Porcelain
French 19th Century Patinated Bronze Group "The Abduction of the Sabine Women"
By Pierre Loison 1
Located in Los Angeles, CA
A very fine and Monumental French 19th century patinated bronze group Titled "The Abduction of the Sabine Women" after a model by Pierre Loison (French, 1816-1886), depicting a young scantily maiden being carried away on the arms of a Roman soldier, raised on circular ebonized wood and brass revolving pedestal stand. Signed at the base: P. Loison, circa: Paris, 1870-1880.
Overall height (Sculpture and Pedestal): 91 inches (231.2 cm).
Sculpture height: 54 3/4 inches (139.1 cm).
Sculpture width: 24 inches (61 cm).
Pedestal height: 36 inches (91.5 cm).
Pedestal width (Widest): 25 1/2 inches (64.8 cm).
Pierre Loison was a French sculptor of the 19th century born in the seaside town of Loir-et-Cher on July 5, 1816 and died in Cannes on February 3, 1886. In 1841, he joined the Pierre-Jean David d'Angers workshop where he became one of his favorite pupils. A year later he attended the School of Fine Arts in Paris. He exhibited for the first time at the Salon des artistes Français where in 1845 he was awarded third-class medal. In 1853 he was awarded First Place medal and at the Universal Exhibition of 1955 he received an honorable mention and another medal award in 1859.
On 12 July 1859 and by decree, he was made "Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur".
Pierre Loison is buried at The Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris.
Works by Pierre Loison
"Femme assise": Terre cuite (1843) au musée Gustave-Moreau à Paris
"Jeune fille portant un vase": Statue en marbre blanc, (h. 1,25 m) datée de 1857 et présentée au Salon de 1859 ; la statue fut d’abord placée au Palais-Royal (appartements du prince Napoléon) ; elle est actuellement au musée des Beaux-arts de Dole ; une réplique de taille réduite est au Musée des arts décoratifs de Paris.
"La Halle aux grains de Mer": Chaque façade de ce bâtiment, classé à l’inventaire supplémentaire des monuments historiques, comporte un fronton triangulaire et celui de la façade ouest représentant « L’Agriculture distribuant des couronnes aux enfants de Beauce et de Sologne » a été sculpté gracieusement par P. Loison, natif de la commune.
"La Justice assise": Allégorie de la Justice au fronton du Palais de justice de Blois (1847).
"Buste d’Achille Fould": Au musée du Château de Blois 8;
"Nausicaa": Statue en plâtre présentée au Salon de 1874, au musée des Beaux-arts de Vendôme.
"Statue de J-B. Pigalle sur la façade de l’hôtel de ville de Paris
"Sculptures extérieures du Palais du Louvre": Pierre Loison est l’auteur de neuf statues qui décorent les façades du Louvre "Figure" (1878) au deuxième étage du Pavillon Marsan10; "La Navigation" (1868) sur la balustrade du premier étage du Pavillon des États11; "Pandore" (1861) sur l’aile Est12; « Vénus » (1865) Aile Marsan13; "l’Histoire et la Vérité" (1857)14; "La Poésie et la Philosophie" (1857)15 deux oculi du Pavillon Mollien, coté cour Napoléon ; "Concordet" (1857) sur la balustarde du premier étage de la Rotonde de Beauvais, coté cour Napoléon.
"Statue de Sappho sur le rocher de Leucade : datée de 1859, (h. 1,85 m) sur la façade nord de la cour carrée du Palais du Louvre à Paris ; le modèle en plâtre, offert par Mme Loison, est au musée des Beaux-arts de Blois.
"Vierge à l’enfant": Statue en marbre en l’église Saint-Pierre de Dampierre-en-Yvelines.
"Jeune romain enlevant une Sabine": Groupe présenté au Salon de 1863 qui a été reproduit en bronze par la fonderie d’art Raingo frères.
"Sépulture de la famille Hautoy : Au cimetière du Père-Lachaise, deux bas-reliefs en marbre représentant l’un "La vie de Famille," l’autre 'Le chantier," datés de 1880.
"Demoiselle d’honneur de la Cour de François Ier": Statue en pierre exposée au Salon des artistes vivants en 1870 ; acquise par l’État à ce Salon, elle a été déposée en 1891, devant la mairie d’Aubin.
"La Paix distribuant des palmes aux génies des Beaux-arts": Fronton du Château de Compiègne (1866).
"Daphnis et Naïs": Groupe en marbre (1869) au musée de Picardie à Amiens.
"Jean-Baptiste Pigalle": Statue en pierre (1881) sur la façade principale, au rez-de-chaussée de l’Hôtel de ville de Paris.
"Gisant de Ferdinand-Philippe d'Orléans: dans la chapelle royale de Dreux en collaboration avec Ary Scheffer.
"La Grace": Statue en marbre (1875) dans le grand foyer de l’opéra Garnier.
The Abduction of the Sabine Women
The Abduction of the Sabine Women is an episode in the legendary history of Rome, traditionally dated to 750 BC, in which the first generation of Roman men acquired wives for themselves from the neighboring Sabine families. Recounted by Livy and Plutarch (Parallel Lives II, 15 and 19), it provided a subject for Renaissance and post-Renaissance works of art that combined a suitably inspiring example of the hardihood and courage of ancient Romans with the opportunity to depict multiple figures, including heroically semi-nude figures, in intensely passionate struggle. Comparable themes from Classical Antiquity are the Battle of the Lapiths and Centaurs and the theme of Amazonomachy, the battle of Theseus with the Amazons.
The Abduction is supposed to have occurred in the early history of Rome, shortly after its founding by Romulus and his mostly male followers. Seeking wives in order to found families, the Romans negotiated unsuccessfully with the Sabines, who populated the area. Fearing the emergence of a rival society, the Sabines refused to allow their women to marry the Romans. Consequently, the Romans planned to abduct Sabine women, during a festival of Neptune Equester and proclaimed the festival among Rome's neighbours. According to Livy, many people from Rome's neighbours including folk from the Caeninenses, Crustumini, and Antemnates, and many of the Sabines attended. At the festival Romulus gave a Signal, at which the Romans grabbed the Sabine women and fought off the Sabine men. The indignant abductees were soon implored by Romulus to accept Roman husbands.
Livy says Romulus offered them free choice and promised civic and property rights to women. According to Livy, Romulus spoke to them each in person, declaring "that what was done was owing to the pride of their fathers, who had refused to grant the privilege of marriage to their neighbours; but notwithstanding, they should be joined in lawful wedlock, participate in all their possessions and civil privileges, and, than which nothing can be dearer to the human heart, in their common children." Responsibility of the men for meeting the needs of the children thus conceived was not included.
War with the Sabines and other tribes
Outraged at the occurrence, the King of the Caeninenses entered upon Roman territory with his army. Romulus and the Romans met the Caeninenses in battle, killed their king, and routed their army. Romulus later attacked Caenina and took it upon the first assault. Returning to Rome, he dedicated a temple to Jupiter Feretrius (according to Livy, the first temple dedicated in Rome) and offered the spoils of the enemy king as spolia opima. According to the Fasti Triumphales, Romulus celebrated a triumph over the Caeninenses on 1 March 752 BC.
At the same time, the army of the Antemnates invaded Roman territory. The Romans retaliated, and the Antemnates were defeated in battle and their town captured. According to the Fasti Triumphales, Romulus celebrated a second triumph in 752 BC over the Antemnates.
The Crustumini also started a war, but they too were defeated and their town captured.
Roman colonists subsequently were sent to Antemnae and Crustumerium by Romulus, and many citizens of those towns also migrated to Rome (particularly the families of the captured women).
The Sabines themselves finally declared war, led into battle by their king, Titus Tatius. Tatius almost succeeded in capturing Rome, thanks to the treason of Tarpeia, daughter of Spurius Tarpeius, governor of the citadel on the Capitoline Hill. She opened the city gates for the Sabines in return for "what they bore on their arms", thinking she would receive their golden bracelets. Instead, the Sabines crushed her to death with their shields, and her body was thrown from a rock known ever since by her name, the Tarpeian Rock.
The Romans attacked the Sabines, who now held the citadel. The Roman advance was led by Hostus Hostilius, the Sabine defence by Mettus Curtius. Hostus fell in battle, and the Roman line gave way, They retreated to the gate of the Palatium. Romulus rallied his men by promising to build a temple to Jupiter Stator on the site. He then led them back into battle. Mettus Curtius was unhorsed and fled on foot, and the Romans appeared to be winning.
At this point, however, the Sabine women intervened:
[They], from the outrage on whom the war originated, with hair dishevelled and garments rent, the timidity of their sex being overcome by such dreadful scenes, had the courage to throw themselves amid the flying weapons, and making a rush across, to part the incensed armies, and assuage their fury; imploring their fathers on the one side, their husbands on the other, "that as fathers-in-law and sons-in-law they would not contaminate each other with impious blood, nor stain their offspring with parricide, the one their grandchildren, the other their children. If you are dissatisfied with the affinity between you, if with our marriages, turn your resentment against us; we are the cause of war, we of wounds and of bloodshed to our husbands and parents. It were better that we perish than live widowed or fatherless without one or other of you."
The battle came to an end, and the Sabines agreed to unite in one nation with the Romans. Titus Tatius jointly ruled with Romulus until Tatius's death five years later.
The new Sabine residents of Rome settled on the Capitoline Hill, which they had captured in the battle.
Artistic representations:
The Rape of the Sabine Women by Johann Heinrich Schönfeld
The subject was popular during the Renaissance as symbolising the importance of marriage for the continuity of families and cultures. It was also an example of a battle subject in which the artist could demonstrate his skill in depicting female as well as male figures in extreme poses, with the added advantage of a sexual theme. It was depicted regularly on 15th-century Italian cassoni and later in larger paintings. A comparable opportunity from the New Testament was afforded by the theme of the Massacre of the Innocents.
Giambologna
The sculpture by Giambologna (1579–1583) that was reinterpreted as expressing this theme depicts three figures (a man lifting a woman into the air while a second man crouches) and was carved from a single block of marble. This sculpture is considered Giambologna's masterpiece. Originally intended as nothing more than a demonstration of the artist's ability to create a complex sculptural group, its subject matter, the legendary rape of the Sabines, had to be invented after Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, decreed that it be put on public display in the Loggia dei Lanzi in Piazza della Signoria, Florence. True to mannerist densely packed, intertwined figural compositions and ambitious overinclusive efforts, the statue renders a dynamic panoply of emotions, in poses that offer multiple viewpoints. When contrasted with the serene single-viewpoint pose of the nearby Michelangelo's David, finished nearly 80 years before, this statue is infused with the dynamics that lead towards Baroque, but the tight, uncomfortable, verticality— self-imposed by the author's virtuosic restriction to a composition that could be carved from a single block of marble— lacks the diagonal thrusts that Bernini would achieve forty years later with his Rape of Proserpina and Apollo and Daphne, both at the Galleria Borghese, Rome.
The proposed site for the sculpture, opposite Benvenuto Cellini's statue of Perseus, prompted suggestions that the group should illustrate a theme related to the former work, such as the rape of Andromeda by Phineus. The respective rapes of Proserpina and Helen were also mooted as possible themes. It was eventually decided that the sculpture was to be identified as one of the Sabine virgins.
The work is signed OPVS IOANNIS BOLONII FLANDRI MDLXXXII ("The work of Johannes of Boulogne of Flanders, 1582"). An early preparatory bronze featuring only two figures is in the Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte in Naples. Giambologna then revised the scheme, this time with a third figure, in two wax models now in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. The artist's full-scale gesso for the finished sculpture, executed in 1582, is on display at the Accademia Gallery in Florence.
Bronze reductions of the sculpture, produced in Giambologna's own studio and imitated by others, were a staple of connoisseurs' collections into the 19th century.
Nicolas Poussin
Nicolas Poussin produced two major versions of this subject, which enabled him to display to the full his unsurpassed antiquarian knowledge, together with his mastery of complicated relations of figures in dramatic encounter. One, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, was executed in Rome, 1634–35. It depicts Romulus at the left giving the Signal for the abduction.
The second version, of 1636–37, now at the Louvre Museum, shows that, though some of the principal figures are similar, he had not exhausted the subject. The architectural setting is more developed.
Peter Paul Rubens
Peter Paul Rubens painted a version of the subject about 1635–40. It is at the National Gallery, London.
Jacques-Louis David
Jacques-Louis David painted the other end of the story, when the women intervene to reconcile the warring parties. The Sabine Women Enforcing Peace by Running Between the Combatants (also known as The Intervention of the Sabine Women ) was completed in 1799. It is in the Louvre Museum.
David had worked on it from 1796, when France was at war with other European nations after a period of civil conflict culminating in the Reign of Terror and the Thermidorian Reaction, during which David himself had been imprisoned as a supporter of Robespierre. After David’s estranged wife visited him in jail, he conceived the IDEA of telling the story, to honor his wife, with the theme being love prevailing over conflict. The painting was also seen as a plea for the people to reunite after the bloodshed of the revolution.
The painting depicts Romulus's wife Hersilia — the daughter of Titus Tatius, leader of the Sabines — rushing between her husband and her father and placing her babies between them. A vigorous Romulus prepares to strike a half-retreating Tatius with his spear, but hesitates. Other soldiers are already sheathing their swords.
The rocky outcrop in the background is the Tarpeian Rock.
John Leech
The English 19th century satirical painter John Leech included in his Comic History of Rome a depiction of the Rape of the Sabine Women, where the women are portrayed, with a deliberate anachronism, in Victorian costume...
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Antique Large Religious Statue Our Lady of Purgatory
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Indonesian Tribal Antique 19th Century Figurative Sculptures
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