20th Century Lighting
to
13,112
64,007
43,766
110,471
Height
to
Width
to
85,971
31,542
6,093
6,455
2,959
3,430
1,945
2,367
1,542
1,750
1,296
1,552
49,258
7,518
6,719
3,728
3,103
2,404
1,350
1,176
644
521
463
367
361
317
224
192
88
86
904
7,758
110,471
47,836
10,058
61,829
28,797
1,121
596
3,392
4,554
4,859
14,293
21,198
18,882
4,086
1,416
80,088
46,080
33,887
9,955
9,915
89,093
32,589
16,433
13,052
11,367
110,471
110,471
110,471
1,040
997
894
865
771
Period: 20th Century
Vintage Floor Lamp by Pete Sans, Taller Uno, Barcelona, 1990s
By Pete Sans
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Vintage Floor Lamp by Pete Sans, Taller Uno, Barcelona, 1990s
Designer: Pete Sans
Manufacturer: Taller Uno, Barcelona
Year: 1990s
Materials: Steel base with natural leather cover...
Category
Spanish Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
1950s Gerald Thurston 5 Arm Brass Pendant for Lightolier , USA
Located in St- Leonard, Quebec
Rare Gerald Thurston 5 arm pendant for Lightolier .
Pierced brass plated shade mounted on an brass structure .
Well made with quality component and ...
Category
American Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Mid Century Orno pendant designed by Yki Nummi, Finland, 1960's
By Yki Nummi
Located in Montréal, QC
Mid Century Orno pendant designed by Yki Nummi, Finland, 1960's. 60 watts E-26 Edison medium base incandescent bulb recommended or higher if LED/CFL.
CREATOR: Yki Nummi
PERIOD: 19...
Category
Finnish Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Enamel, Steel
Rare Art Deco Pendant / Ceiling Light w. Stain Leaded Glass Shades, Lighting Art
Located in Lisse, NL
Wonderful looking and very rare design Art Deco stained glass pendant.
Finding antiques that we have never seen before is one of the things that we love most in life. One family has...
Category
European Art Deco 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Iron, Lead, Wire
Swedish Modern Floor Lamp by Bo Notini for Glössner. 1930s.
By Bo Notini, Glossner AB
Located in Bromma, SE
Sleek and very sophisticated floor lamp by Bo Notini for Glössner, designed and crafted during the 1940s. This impressive floor lamp features one light source hidden by two large gla...
Category
Swedish Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Paavo Tynell for Idman '20399' Flush Mount Ceiling Lamp in Brass, Finland 1950s
By Paavo Tynell, Idman
Located in Prague, New Town
Paavo Tynell for Idman, flush mount ceiling lamp model ‘20399’, plastic lampshade, brass, Finland, 1950s.
Flush mount ceiling lamp, model ‘20399’, designed by Paavo Tynell (1890-197...
Category
Finnish Scandinavian Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Large Murano glass Chandelier -101 amber transparent glass petal
By Mazzega
Located in Gaiarine Frazione Francenigo (TV), IT
Italian vintage chandelier in Murano glass and nickel plated metal structure. The armor polished nickel supports 101 glass petals (clear and amber) that give a very elegant look. Ca...
Category
Italian Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Art Glass
Art Deco Chandelier Hanging Lamp nickel-plated 1930s
Located in Bingen am Rhein, RP
Art Deco Chandelier
The ART DECO ceiling light is a remarkable example of the craftsmanship and style of the early 20th century.
This ceiling light cleverly combines metal and gla...
Category
French Art Deco 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal, Nickel
Pair of Italian Murano Glass Pendants in Pearl Optic Brass Mounted, 1960s
Located in Frankfurt am Main, DE
A lovely pair of Murano glass globe pendants in pearl optic, brass mounts, chain and canopy, Italy, 1960s. These beautiful and rare pendants look really like a big pearl hanging from...
Category
Italian Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Antique Pair Of Table Lamps Chinoiserie Porcelain Vases Newly Electrified
Located in Delray Beach, FL
Exceptional pair of Chinese table lamp hand painted on porcelain, beautiful colors of form of ceremony with families and there children in the garden , in The back is Chinese scrip...
Category
Chinese 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
Swedish Designer Josef Frank Style Textile Dome Pendant, 1960s
Located in Copenhagen, DK
Scandinavian midcentury modern vintage pendant with cream white dome shaped textile shade over metal mount and three red wooden globes on top. In the organic modern style of Josef Fr...
Category
Swedish Scandinavian Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Textile, Wood
Atomic 1950s Table Lamp by ASEA, Sweden
By ASEA
Located in Esbjerg, DK
Early 1950s table lamp with fully adjustable partially perforated Aluminium shade. The concentric atomic styled base is made from black coated brass. The stem with its adjustable joi...
Category
Swedish Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass, Aluminum
Papiro Floor Lamp by Sergio Calatroni for Pallucco, Italy 1989
Located in Milano, IT
Papiro Floor Lamp by Sergio Calatroni for Pallucco, Italy 1989
With the Papiro floor lamp, Sergio Calatroni seamlessly merged art and design by tran...
Category
Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Nickel
White Enamel Vintage Industrial Factory Pendant Lights
Located in Amsterdam, NL
Factory hanging light
white enamel, white interior
brass strain relief with 2 meter / 90" wire.
Weight: 1.0 kg / 2.2 lb
Priced per individual item. All lamps have been made s...
Category
Hungarian Industrial 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass, Enamel
French Art Deco Lustre Glass Ceiling Pendant Chandelier, circa 1925
Located in Labrit, Landes
Art Deco chandelier or lustre, French
Frozen glass and chrome
1925
Good condition
Shipping:
D 35 H 11 3.8 Kg.
Category
French Art Deco Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Chrome
1 of 4 Art Deco Flush Mount Plafoniere Lamp chrome opal glass, 1940s
Located in Bingen am Rhein, RP
ART DECO ceiling lamp Plafoniere chrome opal glass 1940s
This rare, original plafoniere impresses with its simple and functional Art Deco design. The lamp provides a very pleasant l...
Category
French Art Deco Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal, Chrome
Carlo Nason Attributed. Glass and Aluminum Pendant Lamp, Italy, circa 1960
By Carlo Nason
Located in Vienna, AT
Well preserved 1960s pendant lamp, Italy, midcentury.
Dimensions are 15.74" x 9.05" (shade only) 50" (total drop)
Elegant ceiling light in very good o...
Category
Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Chrome, Aluminum
Lovely Huge Amber Bubble Glass Flush Mount Lamp by Helena Tynell for Limburg
Located in Nürnberg, Bayern
Lovely Large Amber Bubble Glass Flush Mount Lamp by Helena Tynell for Limburg, Germany, 1960s
Each fixture need 3x E27 standard bulb with 60W max.
Light bulbs are not included.
I...
Category
German Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
Vintage Industrial Holophane Prismatic Glass Pendant Light. 1920
By Holophane
Located in London, GB
Elegantly formed glass pendant light made in England by Holophane. c.1920
Prismatic glass shade with Holophane stamp to the rim of the shade and original cast brass gallery.
Rewire...
Category
English Industrial Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Large Vintage, Mid Century Modern Handcrafted Brass Round 8 Layers Pendant Light
Located in Lisse, NL
Rare design, three light pendants with layered brass shades.
If you are looking for a striking and extraordinary light fixture to grace your midcentury living or work space then these, European works of lighting art could be ideal for you. Mind you, we have a set of four, but we have decided to offer them as singles as well. This very stylishly handcrafted fixture dates back to the 1960s and its design is truly remarkable. The shade itself is created from eight thick layers of brass and the design is very well balanced. Due to the different size of each layer, the light is able to radiate through in various directions, which creates a beautiful atmospheric effect. One that truly is a joy to look at. The design and the material used really make these lights works of art and pendant lights into one. These chandeliers are in good condition and the patina is simply wonderful. With these pendants having been rewired to the highest standard for safe and immediate usage in the USA, they are ready to be used and enjoyed in the land of the free...
Category
European Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Vintage Midcentury Table Lamp by Josef Hůrka for Napako, 1950s
By Josef Hurka, Napako
Located in Kojetice, CZ
Iconic midcentury beige- red table lamp,designed by Josef Hůrka for Czechoslovak pavilion at Expo 58 in Brussels. Made by Napako. Model 1618.
It features a beige metal shade and a re...
Category
Czech Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal, Iron
Pair of Mid-Century Brass and Ice Glass Wall Lamps, Italy, 1960s
By Stilnovo
Located in Hagenbach, DE
These exquisite wall lamps, crafted in Italy during the 1960s, are made entirely of solid brass, showcasing a sleek, angular design influenced by Bauhaus aesthetics. The lamps featur...
Category
Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
French Art Deco White Black Veining Alabaster Pendant Chandelier, 1930s
Located in Frankfurt am Main, DE
A lovery Arte Deco era alabaster pendant / light fixture, France, 1930-1939. Hand-carved shade from a solid alabaster rock with beautiful black veining and polished to a natural shin...
Category
French Art Deco 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Alabaster
French Art Deco Yellow Pendant Light by G.V. de Croismare, Muller Frères, 1920s
Located in Barntrup, DE
French Art Deco yellow Pâte de Verre glass pendant light fixture by G.V. de Croismare, Muller Frères Luneville from circa the 1920s.
This pendant light is a stunning piece from the F...
Category
French Art Deco Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal, Bronze
Accademia Medium Wall Lamp by Cini Boeri for Artemide 1978
By Cini Boeri, Artemide
Located in Barcelona, ES
The Accademia medium wall lamp, designed by Cini Boeri in 1978, is a lamp version of the popular table lamp created for Artemide. This lamp is an impressive example of Boeri's minima...
Category
Italian Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Iron
Two Bergboms Table lamps in Brass with Josef Frank "Nippon" Shades, Sweden 1970s
By Josef Frank, Bergboms
Located in Stockholm, SE
Two Elegant Mid-Century table lamps by Bergboms in brass, Sweden 1970s. Bergboms, Malmö, 1960s/70s. The lamps have shades covered in the textile "Nippon" by Josef Frank. Age-related...
Category
Swedish Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
A pair of large chandeliers by Paavo Tynell
By Paavo Tynell
Located in Long Island City, NY
A pair of large, 10 Lights Chandelier designed by Paavo Tynell for Idman Oy, Finland, circa 1950th.
Polished brass with opaline glass shades. Similar example is featured at Idman Oy ...
Category
Finnish Scandinavian Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Pair of Triedri Murano sconces, Venini
By Venini
Located in Dallas, TX
Pair of Triedri Murano glass wall sconces, or flush-mounts, Mid-Century Modern by Venini, Italy 1980s.
Set of four pairs, or eight sconces available.
Sold and priced by pair.
The vin...
Category
Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Chrome
Amber Glass Wall Lights Sconces/Flush Mount by Helena Tynell, 1960
Located in Rijssen, NL
1 of the 4 of beautiful bubble glass wall lights or flush mounts designed by Helena Tynell for Glashütte Limburg. A design Classic, the amber colored or toned of the hand blown glas...
Category
German Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal, Brass
Wonderful Large Doré Bronze Louis XVI Lantern Fixture Curved Glass Panels Bows
Located in Roslyn, NY
An elegant doré bronze five-light lanterns with etched ribbed bronze trim on top and bottom of the lantern are fluted reed trim with cross bows around a curved glass panel accented w...
Category
Italian Louis XVI 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Bronze
German Solan Ceiling Pendant Nickel with Counterweight by Florian Schulz, 1970s
Located in Hannover, DE
Florian Schulz (1946—2019) completed an apprenticeship as a metal sculptor in his parents' craft business. As the youngest son, he took over the lighting manufacturer in 1973. From t...
Category
German Hollywood Regency Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass, Nickel
Scandinavian 1970s brass ceiling lamp
Located in Brescia, IT
Vintage 1970s lamp with polished brass body and dark plastic top. Scandinavian production.
Vintage Scandinavian ceiling lamp from the 1970s with polished brass frame and black plast...
Category
Scandinavian Scandinavian Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Pair of Onyx Table Lamps
Located in New York, NY
A Pair of circa 1930's Italian onyx table lamps.
Measurements:
Height: 14"
Diameter: 7.75" (square)
Category
Italian Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Onyx
Pair of Barovier & Toso Style Mid-Century "Graniglia" Murano Glass Leaf Sconces
Located in Puglia, Puglia
Pair of Murano Graniglia blown glass wall lights in the Barovier & Toso style, Italy, 1990s. The wall lights have brass frames; the Murano glass is a light and transparent gold colou...
Category
Italian Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Josef Frank, very early example of model 1842 floor lamp for Svenskt Tenn, 1932
By Josef Frank
Located in Uppsala, SE
Very early example of the 1842 model floor lamp designed by Josef Frank for Svenskt Tenn in the 1932. This example is most likely from the 1930s or 1940s and is approved by the archi...
Category
Swedish Scandinavian Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Large Midcentury Outdoor Wall Light, 1970s
Located in Oslo, NO
Very rare and sculptural outdoor wall light on a lacquered copper frame with shades in glass. Designed and made in Norway from circa 1970s second ha...
Category
Norwegian Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Copper
1970s, Gold-Plated and Faceted Crystal Chandelier, Sweden
Located in Silvolde, Gelderland
Beautiful gold-plated chandelier Sweden, 1970s.
The chandelier is build up out of six rings and two crowns filled with faceted crystal, total diameter of the fixture is 44cm or 17".
...
Category
Swedish Neoclassical Revival Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Crystal, Gold Leaf
Louis Poulsen, Wall Lights, Metal, Denmark, 1950s
Located in High Point, NC
A pair of white-lacquered metal wall lights produced by Louis Poulsen, Denmark, c. 1950s.
Overall Dimensions (Inches): 7.5” H x 6” W x 16.5“ D
Back Plate Dimensions (Inches): 3.125...
Category
Danish Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
EWÅ Värnamo, Wall Light, Brass, Glass, Sweden, 1970s
By Ewå Värnamo
Located in High Point, NC
A brass and white opaline glass wall light produced by EWÅ Värnamo, Sweden, c. 1970s.
Overall Dimensions (inches): 7.75” H x 5.25” W x 8.5“D
Back Plate Dimensions (Inches): 4.25 ...
Category
Swedish Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Alabaster Wall Sconces White Art Deco Minimalist Wall Light
Located in Mombuey, Zamora
Natural alabaster sconce or wall lamp in the shape of a half cylinder Mediterranean alabaster white color.
It has a hanging system with a back bar that is embedded in the piece t...
Category
Italian Minimalist 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Alabaster
Mid-Century German Cocoon Pendant Lamp from Goldkant Leuchten, 1960s
Located in Hamburg, DE
Rare Mid Century Cocoon pendant light from Goldkant shine.
The cocoon screen delivers diffuse, atmospheric light. At the same time, the symmetrical luminaire body stages itself as a...
Category
German Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
Sunburst Flush Mount Light Fixture in Gilt Iron, Ferro Art
By Ferro Art
Located in Barcelona, ES
Eye-catching gold leaf gilt iron leafed sunburst flush mount. Manufactured by Ferro-Art. Spain, 1950s-1960s.
This ceiling flushmount features an iron structure with a central round p...
Category
Spanish Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal, Iron, Gold Leaf
Exceptional pink Glass and Brass, Flush Mount Murano Due Venice Italy, 1980s
By Hillebrand
Located in Nuernberg, DE
A beautiful glass flush mount. Made in Murano Venice Italy, made by Murano Due. Gorgeous textured glass flush mount with metal fixture. The Fixture requires five European E14 / 110 V...
Category
German Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
Vintage French Victorian Renaissance Figural Cherub Musician Metal Table Lamp
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Vintage French Victorian Renaissance Figural Triple Cherub Musician Metal Table Lamp with Blue/Green and Gold Distress Painted Finish. Circa Mid 20th Century. Measurements: 43.5" H (...
Category
Unknown Renaissance 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
"Febo" Table Lamp, Red Marble and Murano Glass by Pamio & Toso for Leucos, 1970s
Located in Roma, IT
Spectacular "Febo" Table lamp in solid red Verona marble, brass and a stunning shade in mouth-blown Murano glass. This incredibly rare lamp was designed by Roberto Pamio & Renato Tos...
Category
Italian Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Marble, Metal, Brass
Akari Floor Lamp by Isamu Noguchi
Located in Oklahoma City, OK
The Akari floor lamp by Isamu Noguchi is a harmonious blend of art and light, embodying both functionality and sculptural beauty. Inspired by traditional Japanese paper lanterns, the...
Category
Japanese Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
Tiffany Studios New York Bronze Counterbalance Floor Lamp, Circa 1910
Located in South Bend, IN
An outstanding Arts & Crafts or Art Deco period bronze counterbalance floor lamp
By Tiffany Studios (signed under one foot)
New York, USA, Early 20th Century
Bronze stand, with go...
Category
American Arts and Crafts Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Bronze
Stilnovo, Wall Light, Acrylic, Brass, Metal, Italy, 1960s
Located in High Point, NC
An acrylic, brass and black-lacquered metal wall light produced by Stilnovo, Italy, c. 1960s.
Overall Dimensions (inches): 11” H x 5.75” W x 5“ D
Back Plate Dimensions (Inches):...
Category
Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal, Brass
Elegant Beaded Glass Lantern
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
Lantern in Murano beaded glass
Stem and canopy in glass
4 bulbs E26/E27. Wired for US
Category
Italian 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Murano Glass
Arts & Crafts Period Heintz Metal Arts Designed Bronze Floral Boudoir Table Lamp
Located in St. Louis, MO
Arts & Crafts period Heintz Art Metal Shop, Buffalo, NY (1906-1930), bronze boudoir table lamp with pierced floral metal shade. Bulbous base with floral overlay decoration, single so...
Category
American Arts and Crafts Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Bronze
Tall Mid Century Modern Isamu Noguchi Akari E Light Sculpture
Located in Dronten, NL
Beautiful, very hard to find tall Akari E pendant designed by Isamu Noguchi, 1951.
Manufactured by Ozeki & Co. in Japan.
Bambu structure covered by washi pap...
Category
Japanese Mid-Century Modern 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Bamboo, Paper
Sculptural Vintage Ceiling Light Flush Mount Chandelier, 1960s
By Helestra
Located in Berlin, DE
Beautiful sculptural Sciolari / Leola style ceiling or wall flush mount by Helestra,
Germany, 1970s.
Category
German Minimalist 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
Clear Striped Glass Brass Vintage Cast Iron Arm Sconces Wall Lights
Located in Amsterdam, NL
Porcelain Industrial wall lamp.
White porcelain, brass and cast iron
Clear striped glass.
2 conductors, no ground.
Diameter wall mount 10.5 cm / 4”.
2 holes to secure.
For use insi...
Category
Dutch Industrial 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass, Iron
Dazor 2324 Industrial Desk Drafting Architect Work Articulating Lamp, 1950s
Located in Antwerp, BE
A spectacular vintage original circa Dazor 2324 Industrial desk drafting work lamp flourescent 1950s with articulating arm. The arm can rotates approx 180 degrees and the arm flexes ...
Category
American Industrial Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal, Metallic Thread
Danish Designer, Wall Light, Brass, Plastic Band, Denmark, 1940s
Located in High Point, NC
An adjustable brass and yellow red plastic band wall light designed and produced in Denmark, c. 1940s.
Overall Dimensions (inches): 11.5” H x 12.625” W x 32“ D
Back Plate Dimens...
Category
Danish Scandinavian Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Swedish Designer, Wall Light, Pine, Sweden, 1970s
Located in High Point, NC
A pine wall light designed and produced in Sweden, c. 1970s.
Overall Dimensions (Inches): 7.75” H x 7” W x 10“ D
Back Plate Dimensions (Inches): 5.15” H x 3.2“ W x 1” D
Bulb Speci...
Category
Swedish Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Pine
Sconce LP253 Murano Glass by Carlo Nason for Mazzega, Italy, 1970s
By Mazzega, Carlo Nason
Located in SAINT-OUEN, FR
Mid-Century Modern Space Age wall light lamp sconce model LP253 in clear textured murano glass and white lacquered metal by Carlo Nason for the manufacture Mazzega. Famous italian de...
Category
Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Metal
Florian Schulz Adjustable Vintage Dome Counterweight Brass Pendant "DUOS", 1970s
Located in Morazzone, Varese
Beautiful vintage pendant light in shiny brass with heavy side counterweight to adjust the height.
Model DUOS in large diameter with heavy brass sphere to adjust the height.
Made in...
Category
German Mid-Century Modern Vintage 20th Century Lighting
Materials
Brass
Read More
This Paavo Tynell Chandelier Is a Radiant Bouquet
The alluring pendant light exemplifies the designer’s winsome mid-career work.
Ettore Sottsass Captures a Shooting Star in This Rare 1970s Floor Lamp
Before founding the Memphis Group, Sottsass bent the rules of lighting design with the wonderfully wavy Cometa.
You Don’t Need a Fictional Fairy to Get This Real Pinocchio Lamp
Warm chalet style meets cool Bauhaus functionality in Pietro Cascella’s cleverly carved creation.
Why Is Italy Such a Hotbed of Cool Design?
Patrizio Chiarparini of Brooklyn’s Duplex gallery sheds light on the lasting legacy of Italy’s postwar furniture boom.
With a High-Tech Flagship and Cool Collabs, Lladró Is Breaking the Mold for Porcelain Production
Thanks to its new leadership, the Spanish maker of figurines, busts and lighting is on a mission to update the art of porcelain for the 21st century.
Christopher Tennant’s Lamps and Dioramas Evoke Sunny Days and Seaside Locales
The former magazine editor blends elements of the Far East and America’s eastern shores, bringing wit and delight to his handmade, upcycled designs.
Paavo Tynell’s Snowflake Chandelier Warms Up Any Room
This circa 1950 piece by the legendary Finnish lighting designer spent the past several decades in a family's home in Michigan.
NASA Parachutes Inspired Lighting Designer Bec Brittain’s New Collection
In "Paraciphers," now on view at Emma Scully Gallery in New York, Brittain introduces works that were more than a decade in the making.