Revival Furniture

Elevate your tablescape or mantel with this beautifully cast gilded brass candelabra, featuring a rich Rococo revival design that exudes old-world charm. With sweeping acanthus leave...

Perfect size and shape church bench. This very well crafted, solid oak bench is a perfect example of quality made European furniture from the late 1900's. We felt very fortunate to ...

Beautiful antique bench, made of carved oak, with a green vinyl seat, this object probably comes from a church, Renaissance Revival style, circa 1890. Unique bench, gracefully and e...

A very fine and exceptionally carved Italian 19th-20th century Baroque Revival style whimsical white Carrara marble wishing wellhead, raised on an octagonal two-step marble base. The intricately carved marble relief circular wellhead depicting carved figures of dancing and cheerful children (Putti) among vines, flowers and fruits, dancing and playing musical instruments with a backdrop of castles, landscapes, forests and wreaths, Florence, circa, 1900. Note: We have part II video of this amazing Wishing Wellhead. Please feel free to request a copy. Literature: A similar wellhead was sold by Jan's & Co. Fine French Antiques, Inc. in 1999, provenance the Atkinson/Kirkeby Estate and it is illustrated in "The Estates of Beverly Hills" by Charles Lockwood and Jeff-Hyland, page 150. Another similar is currently on display at the gardens of "The Elms" mansion a public museum part of the Newport Mansions by The Preservation Society of Newport County in Newport, Rhode Island. Yet another similar wellhead carved with frolicking putti with musical instruments and a dentil molded rim is located at Cranbrook House, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, and is illustrated in B. Israel, Antique Garden Ornament...

An English bleached oak Gothic Revival desk with linenfold motifs from the first half of the 19th century. This English desk features a rectangular top over three drawers and two sid...

French Gold Gilt Iron Sunburst Flush Mount or Light Fixture, 1940s French modern neoclassical gilt iron leafed sunburst flush mount or light fixture from the late Art Deco period, France, 1940s. This sunburst or flower burst light...

This is a superb quality heavily patinated Venetian mirror from the 1940s era. The mirror was made in Italy and shows significant patina underneath the silvering of the glass which c...

Exceptional mid 19th century Italian Renaissance Revival Savonarola Curule Arm Chair. Features a meticulously carved walnut frame with leather seat. The back is showcased by a winged...

Gorgeous Antique Early 1900s Italian Renaissance Revival, Carved, Walnut Sideboard! Antique Sideboard, Italian Renaissance Revival, Carved, Walnu...

Wall clock. Gilt bronze. France, 19th century. Gilt bronze wall clock of the type known as a "cartel" due to its shape, featuring Parisian movement and a white dial with Roman numer...

Display sideboard : height : 285 cm (112 in.) ; width : 215 cm (84,6 in) ; depth : 70 cm (27,5 in.) Table (without extension) : height : 76 cm (29,9 in.) ; width : 170 cm (66,9 in.) ; depth : 120 cm (47,2 in.) / Extensions (x 2) : width : 45 cm (17,7 in.) ; depth : 120 cm (47,2 in.) Dresser : height : 180 cm (70,8 in.) ; width : 215 cm (84,6 in.) ; Depth : 65 cm (25,6 in.) Chairs : height : 114 cm (44,8 in.) ; width : 48 cm (18,9 in.) ; depth : 45 cm (17,7 in.) Woodwork attributed to Maison Meynard (1808-1889), Meynard Fils; ormolu mounting by Ferdinand Barbedienne (1810-1892) from drawing by Louis-Constant Sévin...

Antique French Carved Oak Gothic Sacristy Vestry Altar Wine Bar Cabinet~~c. 1880s In 18th and 19th century Europe, sacristy or vestment cabinets ...

Antique solid walnut wardrobe that can also be used as a bookcase, completely disassembled. Furniture restored and waxed. Missing any int...

Chandelier or ceiling lamp, Louis XVI style. Bronze, glass. France, 19th century. Ceiling lamp made of gilded bronze with transparent glass elements that has sixteen lights in total...

Extremely beautiful and rare 24-carat gold-plated chandelier made by Rejmyre Armaturfabrik Rejmyre, Sweden, 1960s. The chandelier is build up out of six rings and a crown filled with...

Beautifully decorative and very rare, gold leaf gilt Banci Firenze triple pendant light, in the form of large flower heads, the three e14 lamp holders sit behind opaque glass globes....

This antique hand painted porcelain panel is unsigned but was done in Italy in circa 1890 in the Roccoco style. The hand painted porcelain disc of La Madonna della Sedia, after Rafael Sanzio...

Grand Antique Italian Neoclassical ~ Baroque Painted Console ~ Buffet is an amazing combination of classical elegance inspired by the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, melded wi...

Vintage Egyptian Revival carved wood sculpture depicting a pair of reclining goats / rams facing opposite directions, decorated with intricate necklaces and beards, finished in black...

18? Regency Style Marble Pedestal side table Hollywood Regency style tripod pedestal mahogany table featuring a rich grey/green marble top and ...

Exquisite 19th Century Brazilian Colonial Settee — Rare Inlaid Hardwood Bench with Cane Seat An exceptional example of Brazilian Colonial furniture from the early to mid-19th century...

It does not come with an insert. Linen in the back. Zipper closure. Dry Cleaning only.

For your consideration is this circa 1920s cast metal mirror in the style of Oscar Bach. The top has a griffin perched atop a seashell which is flanked on either side by a dragon who...

PRESENTING A LOVELY Wedgwood Jasperware Pale Blue Centerpiece Bowl. Made by Wedgwood in England in 1957 and fully and properly marked/stamped on base...

Stunning, timeless Salterini Greek key style wrought iron table and four chairs. Original aqua color now beautifully distressed. Fabric on seats is...

Very nice set of side tables ,Faux Bamboo Cherry wood ,comes with a Wicker top .protected by a Glass plate .

This is an extremely rare majolica ceramic bowl by George Pull, dating back to around 1850, inspired by the works of Bernard Palissy from the 16th Century...

GORGEOUS Antique French Oak Renaissance Revival PETITE Desk or Nightstand with Carved Top, Wide Drawer, Turned Post Legs, Stretcher and Up Finial ~~c. 1900 With so many people worki...

Gothic Revival 18 Light Brass Chandelier. Circa 1920s. Two tier 18 light chandelier. Brass with original finish. Grape and vine detail work. ...

French "Cleopatra" Patinated and Gilt Bronze Sculpture, late 19th century, Egyptianesque, the seated queen holding a fan, on a Portoro marble plinth. 12.5" H x 14.5" W x 6" D.

An impressive Pair of stained glass windows of the highest quality, painted with grisaille and enamels on cathedral glass, circa 19th century. Representing two Renaissance Halberdier...

This striking Gothic Revival hall tree, crafted from rich oak and dating to the late 19th century, features intricate carvings of the Green Man—an emblematic figure of rebirth and na...

Good size and impressive make, Gothic church altar crucifix. This ornate and all hand-crafted, bronze table crucifix comes with a good quality made a...

Classic matched pair Alabaster Obelisk table lamps, Italy, wonderful architectural design. Fit seamlessly into any modernist, antique, eclectic or contemporary environment.

In the style of A W N Pugin probably made by Gillows. A large cavernous good quality Gothic Revival oak and burr oak bookcase. The upper section with subtle carved floral details and...

A magnificent Neo-Gothic tabouret stool / ottoman, 19th century, most likely Italian (Southern Italy; Kingdom of Two Sicilies), parcel gilt and polychrome painted frame, padded seat ...

Truly impressive and great workmanship, hexagonal Gothic light fixture. If you are a collector of truly amazing Gothic antiques then this large a...

These gorgeous cabinets feature beautifully hand-painted scenery and a pair of shelves inside stacked on top of each other, but rest assured they are there. The cabinets are very sha...

This is a lovely set of Italian hand colored engravings framed with a linen matting. The frames are a painted and carved gift wood. They depict scenic views of Rome. The image is 12”...

Klismos customizable chairs with saber legs, natural wood shiny finishing and leather seats with buttons. Available in other colors and upholstery. Walnut wood chairs with deep an...

An exceptionally fine 19th century ‘Renaissance Revival’ silver sugar casket, showing a hinged lid richly decorated with repousse & hand chased foliate mo...

Antique painted chest Measurements: H. 58 cm - W. 143 cm - D. 61 cm Period: about 1810 Origin: Tyrol Wood: Fir Description: Antique painted chest, in fir wood. The entire surface i...

This mid-century era molded fiberglass wall sculpture is unsigned, but presumed to have been made in Canada in approximately 1960 in a Neoclassical Revival style. The relief depicts ...

Elegant Regency Revival lounge chair in Forest green velvet, believed to be American, circa 1980s, possibly much earlier. This chair was completely restored at some point, refinished...

A dramatic and sculptural pair of large-scale patinated bronze sphinx candlesticks produced by Maitland-Smith in the 1980s. These striking objects ...

Lovely reproduction of Classic Renaissance Revival theme, expertly handcrafted and hand-painted Majolica glaze over terra cotta. Mediterranean blue & golden yellow color theme. Made in Italy. Limited edition, exclusively produced for Bellini's Antique Italia...

Buffet deux corps French cabinet, circa 1830 Renaissance style, solid oak Nice patina Good antique condition Shipping: 2packs: Pack 1: P 64/L 149/H 94 cm 62 kg Pack 2: P 49/L 49/H...

Meissen Porcelain Candelabras antique German porcelain - a pair Each with 4 lights and 2 figures, emblematic of the four seasons. The cand...

An early 19th century Northern Italian Baroque chest of draws. Italian 3-drawer serpentine walnut commode with parquetry inlay and bun feet. Wonderful color and patina. The commode ...

This pair of antique converted candelabra lamps are unsigned, but presumed to have originated from France and date to approximately 1880 and done in a Renaissance Revival style. The ...

This sterling silver ladies compact was made for the Birks retailer in presumably France in circa 1950. This compact features an enamel portrait done in...

This alabaster, bronze and marble figural group was created by highly regarded Italian sculptor Emilio P. Fiaschi (1858 – 1941). The sculpture depicts the Holy Family's Flight into Egypt and has been finished with the skill and sensitivity characteristic of Fiaschi's oeuvre. Joseph walks alongside the Blessed Virgin Mary who is sitting astride a bronze donkey...

Spectacular pair of Ebonized Mirrored Tables with Spiral Twist Legs and partial Gilt. Eglomise styled tables with hand painted stencils betwee...

Rare antique wood hand carved gothic revival child settle / small hall bench / foldable Library Ladder, Metamorphic Library steps, 1880s This uniqu...

Large scale jardiniere, dating to circa 1890-1900. This jardiniere is of decorative cast iron construction. These were historically overpainted, but this one is without paint which...

Klismos walnut wood customizable dining chairs Italian production, black velvet upholstery. Other colors and upholstery are available. Walnut wood ch...

Frame. Carved, polychrome and gilded wood. 18th century. Rectangular frame made of wood and decorated with two bands of plant and architectural elements of classicist influence carv...

For sale a very rare early 19th century infants coffin carrier, this would of been housed on a horse and cart hearse. The casket has a decorative wrought...

For the collectors of rare, beautiful, meaningful and usable Gothic Revival antiques. At the bottom of this strikingly colorful and stylish Gothic mirror is the Latin phrase Monstra...

The Color Experience: Stained-glass windows “Color is a power which directly influences the soul” (Wassili Kandinsky, Moskou 1866 – Neuilly-sur-Seine, 1944) “Color! What a deep and mysterious language, the language of dreams!” (« La couleur ! Quelle langue profonde et mystérieuse, le langage des rêves », Paul Gauguin, Paris, 1848-Fatu-Hiva, 1903) ‘Color and feeling’, ‘color and meaning’, these are concepts that have gone together since time immemorial. Artists and craftsmen have a special bond with color. After all, it is a means of expression that can have a real reinforcing effect. Especially linking color with light offers unlimited possibilities. Glaziers and glass painters have tried to master both these ‘instruments’ for centuries. The set of beautifully restored neo-Gothic windows in our collection are enough reason for us to let these works of art figure in a broader story. As a bonus, we would like to introduce you to the contemporary stained-glass artist and stained-glass restorer, Daniël Theys. whose workshop is in Sint-Pieters-Rode (Belgium). He talked to us about the materials and techniques he used for the restoration of our set of neo-Gothic stained-glass windows. A fascinating look at the tricks of the trade from a specialist! A bird’s eye view of the history of the European stained-glass window. Although the Romans already used translucent glass plates to cover wall openings, the stained-glass window reached its peak in Europe between 1150 and 1500. A period also known as the era of the cathedrals. At that time, stained-glass windows became more than just a way to let in the light, and to keep the space closed off. From now on, their functionality was also found in their didactic value. The biblical and saints’ stories that adorned the stained-glass windows became a kind of poor man’s bible. They brought, as it were, the knowledge of the holy scriptures in an understandable, pictorial way. At the same time, the colored light provided additional symbolism. The invading light was interpreted as a manifestation of God. It is also no coincidence that the main altar was bathed in light. It was the place where the most important sacrament was celebrated, that of the Eucharist. How were these magical colors obtained? Well, during the 12th and 13th centuries, metal oxides gave color to the glass. Copper, for example, produced different colors in the various stages of oxidation. The metal could color the glass light blue, green and even red. It should be noted that from the 13th century onwards, clear glass, which was cheaper and at the same time allowed more light into the buildings, was used more often. A century later, in the years 1400 to 1500, glass painters frequently painted onto the glass with a ‘stain’ of silver chloride or sulfide. The painted piece of glass was heat-treated in a furnace. The heating process ensured that the silver ions migrated into the glass and became suspended within the glass network. The stain gave colors ranging from a pale yellow to a rather deep red. This new technique allowed glaziers to get more than one color on a single glass fragment. The shades produced by painting in silver chloride were well suited for depicting golden crowns, scepters and other gilded objects and ornaments. But the most important advantage of the technique was the fact that the glass painter could now make transitions from yellow tones to white without having to apply separations with lead strips! This also improved the legibility of the pictured scene. You can imagine that the labor-intensive process of the production of stained-glass windows was a very costly affair and therefore it was often patrons who donated them to a church or a chapel. The benefactors were usually eager to propagate their social status and were moved by concern for their salvation. In the 16th century, stained-glass windows also began to appear in secular buildings such as town halls, the homes of the wealthy and commercial premises such as inns. It is striking that during this period the use of lead strips that border many parts of the image was further reduced in favor of real painting on stained glass. This was due to an increasing love of detail. For example, one wanted realistically painted portrait heads. Working with enamel paints was cumbersome. Each newly applied color had to be burned into the glass before another color or overpainting could be applied. It was not only the coloring of the glass that was complicated, the process of obtaining flat glass plates required many steps as well. The glazier blew a glass bulb with a blowpipe and then cut it open. Finally, each half of the sphere was turned around so fast that it became a disc. In later periods, the glazier blew out his glass bulb into a cylinder. Once the cylinder had cooled, its closed ends were removed, and the long sides were cut open. The pieces of glass obtained were then heated and flattened. During the 16th century, there was a division of labor between the stained-glass designer, the glazier, and the glass painter. It happened as well that the stained-glass artist used prints as models for his stained-glass windows. Whoever drew the design, the glazier always needed a model on the right scale, the so-called cartoon. On the cartoon, the lead strips were clearly marked, and the use of colors was indicated. Contracts at the time show that the price of stained-glass windows was calculated per square foot. The price per square foot included the labor and material costs. The price of the cartoon was not included. In the 17th century, the work of glass painters remained important. At the same time, there was a growing popularity of stained-glass windows with heraldic themes. In the Low Countries there were several high-quality glass painters active. During the 18th century, glass painting went downhill in our regions. The French occupation of the Southern Netherlands resulted in the destruction and sale of religious stained-glass windows. It was only around the middle of the 19th century that the young Belgian state experienced a revival of stained glass. The renewed interest in the Middle Ages, the so-called ‘gothic revival’, caused a wave of restoration of old stained-glass windows of churches and orders for neo-gothic stained-glass windows. The Sint-Lucas art schools in Belgium played an important role in this. Industrial developments in the glass and steel industries naturally had an important hand in the popularity of stained-glass windows. Stained-glass had a wide range of uses; think of stained glasses in winter gardens, domes, windows, and doors of large mansions. Significant glazier’ studios arose in several larger Belgian cities. In Brussels, for example, you had the workshops of Capronnier and Colpaert, in Bruges the studios of Coucke and Dobbelaere, in Ghent the companies of Ganton-Defoin or Ladon. During the 19th century, glaziers followed the style developments in the visual arts. For example, the number of windows in Art Nouveau and Art Deco style is large. The restored stained-glass windows with male and female saints that we offer for sale, come from a building in Laeken, near Brussels. They probably decorated the space of a church, chapel, convent, or Catholic school. In the results of the interview with glass restorer Daniël Theys, you will learn more about the particularities of these splendid windows. Chatting and browsing in the workshop of Daniël Theys The Belgian Glass restorer and glass blower, Daniël Theys (), made a career switch at a later age and has been active in the profession since 1987. He is an important player in the field of stained-glass window art in Belgium. Moreover, he is the only one in the country who still masters the technique of glass etching. Daniël Theys receives many commissions from small parish churches to restore old stained-glass windows to their former glory. He made a name for himself in that niche and that is how Spectandum brought the set of 19th century stained glass windows to his workshop for reconstruction. They were delivered in old numbered wooden crates and Daniel had to start puzzling. Numbered wooden crates with sections of the stained-glass windows Normally a glazier starts working from a drawing with a scale of 1:1 (full size drawing), but in this case each piece had to be cataloged and photographed. The smaller pieces were grouped on the light box and photographed in their entirety. Then Daniël made a drawing of the remaining pieces that he had puzzled together with great care. Smaller pieces identified and grouped on the light box The restauration guidelines of the Agency for Monuments and Landscapes are not always the same as those of a restorer. For this reconstruction, Daniël primarily considered the purpose of the stained-glass windows. It had to be an aesthetic and salable set of stained-glass windows, so the choice of filling the gaps with neutral glass or epoxy was not really an option. Theys left well-executed previous restorations untouched. The windows may have been repaired three or four times in the past. Piece of a cloak with glass shards from different periods (restorations) Another problem Daniel faced during the restoration was the fact that some small parts of the old grisaille had been eaten away by microorganisms. The defect – caused by moisture – can be seen from the discoloration of the grisaille. The black-brown color is turned red. This fragment shows well how the brown grisaille has turned red due to the attack of micro-organisms The stained-glass windows of the 19th century are made of ‘in the mass-colored’ glass. This means that the colors were added to the liquid glass during its production process. This type of glass differs from glass colored with enamel paint, which became popular from the interwar period. The latter process involves applying enamel paint (this is a glass powder with a metal oxide to which a medium has been added) to the colorless glass. When firing the glass with the enamel paint, the powder fuses with the glass. The colors of email painted glass are less intense and less brilliant than those of ‘in the mass-colored glass’. Jars with colored powder for the enamel paints For the restoration Daniël only worked with mouth-blown glass, both with ‘in the mass-colored glass’ and with ‘verre plaqué’. This is blown glass composed of several layers of different shades. Over the years, Theys built up a large stock of old blown glass. Colored blown glass always has sliding shades. For example, a red piece of glass can have a color transition from bright red to light orange. These differences in shades are the result of the different thicknesses of the piece of glass. It allows the glazier to use a wide variety of shades. The purple-red foliage with light blue accents was obtained by etching away parts of a piece ‘verre plaqué’. A small part of the lower glass layer is exposed. The windows were completely re-leaded by the restorer because there was virtually no ‘lead net’ preserved. In general, lead strips only have a limited lifespan because of oxidation processes. Daniël removed the old lead remnants and placed new lead profiles. Then he applied putty between the glass fragments and the lead strips to seal the lead. A window must be made watertight. The current condition of the windows is excellent. Decorative glass part with original lead remnants New lead strip The set of stained-glass windows we present today, originally consisted of windows of 5 to 6 m high. After all, they originally adorned a neo-gothic church. Since the original dimensions are not suitable for private buildings, it was decided to only restore the figurative representation. The original spire of one of the windows Thanks to a suspension eye, the window can be hung. There is also the possibility to place the window in an upright position. Thanks to the craftsmanship of the Theys-Studio, we can once again enjoy the brilliance of color! Looking for the missing link The set of 19th-century stained-glass windows came into the possession of Spectandum without a clear provenance. The renowned Leuven antiques dealer, Cornelius Engelen, recalls that the windows came from a church in Laeken. There is no solid starting point for a search for the provenance. Based on the style of the stained-glass windows – most probably the late 19th century -, their religious iconography, and their original shape (pointed arch windows) and dimensions (5 to 6 cm high), we can assume that they were once displayed in a (neo-)gothic cult building. On the one hand, the stained-glass windows may have been removed after storm damage or other calamities, on the other they may have been taken away during a renovation or a demolition of a church. The Church of Our Lady in Laeken is the most famous church building in that municipality that could qualify. In the early 1920s, the central windows of the transept were badly damaged by a hurricane. Today, glass fragments of these windows (dating from 1893-1894) with the names of the sixteen missing saints and an arch infill of the western window are officially known. It would be interesting to find out if our set of eight saints once were part of the transept of Our Lady in Laeken. Research in the records of the church administrators could provide clarification. Knowing that most neo-gothic stained-glass windows from the Church of Our Lady come from the Jules Dobbelaere’s glass studio in Bruges, it is useful to consult that company’s archive as well. It is kept in the KADOC (Documentation and research center for religion, culture and; in Leuven. Of course, the sizes and shape of the stone window openings of the transept can also provide an indication. If we stylistically compare the grisailles of the set of stained-glass windows with the work of Jules Dobbelaere, we do see some relationship. Especially with a stained-glass window in the chapel of Our Lady of the Saint Anthony Church in Aalst. Another line of research that we could follow, is that of the iconography of the series. One of the saints depicted is Saint Roch. There once was a Saint-Roch church in Laeken with 19th-century stained-glass windows from the Brussels studio of Jean-Baptiste Capronnier. The company archive of the glaziers François and Jean-Baptiste Capronnier is owned by the Flemish government and can be consulted in the above-mentioned KADOC. We already searched the sales catalog of 1892, in which Capronnier’s drawings and cartoons are described one by one. The saints that are represented in our set of windows, does not correspond with the names of the saints mentioned for the church of St. Roch in Laeken. Building on this argument, it can be concluded that the eight saints were not destined for this house of worship. In the absence of lavishly illustrated monographs on the various glazier-companies in Belgium, the execution of a comparative study of the stained-glass windows is time-consuming and complex. Although a limited number of old photos of stained-glass windows can still be found in the database ‘Balat’ of the KIK-IRPA (), this remains far too limited to get a good picture of the output of the various companies. 19th C, Saint, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with Saint Martin, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Most people know Saint Martin (Szombathely, ca. 316 – Candes, 397) as the Roman Tribune who cut his cloak in two with his sword and gave one half to a beggar. The artist of the stained-glass window has opted for a different, less common iconographic representation here. Saint Martin is presented as a bishop with a miter and staff. According to a legend, Martin was lured to the city of Tours with a trick to consecrate him as a bishop. He refused the ecclesiastical office and hid in a barn with some geese. The birds betrayed him with their twittering. In the end Martin received his episcopal consecration. The goose at the feet of the saint clearly refers to this event. 19th C, Saint, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with St. Angela, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Angela de Merici was an Italian woman who taught young women religion, health care, and household skills. She founded the monastic community of the Ursulines. They played an important social role as founders of schools and orphanages. Saint Angela died in Brescia in 1540. It should therefore come as no surprise that the saint on the stained-glass-window is depicted with a girl by her side. 19th C, Saint, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with Charles Borromeo, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Charles Borromeo (Milan, 1538-1584) grew up in a noble family. He was already made Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan at the age of 24. With his writings he contributed to the implementation of the Church reforms determined at the Council of Trent. Among other things, he released a new catechism. With his book on the design of church buildings, “Instructiones Fabriacae et Supellectilis Ecclesiasticae”, he left a mark on Baroque church construction. At the outbreak of the plague in his diocese in 1576, he devoted himself to the care of those affected. Hence, people sometimes pray to him when they have been hit by a serious illness. 19th C, Saint, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with St. Roch, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Saint Roch (Montpellier, 1295? /1350? -1327? /1380?) was born with a port-wine stain in the shape of a cross on his left hip. It was interpreted as a sign from God. After the dead of his parents, he gave his money to the poor and went on to live the life of pilgrim. He cared for plague sufferers and healed some of them by making a sign of the cross. He is especially invoked as protector against the plague. 19th C, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with St. Bernard of Clairvaux, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm Bernard of Clairvaux (Fontaines, 1090-Clairvaux, 1153) decided to become a monk at the age of 21. In 1112 he entered in the monastery of Cîtaux. He was soon commissioned by the abbot to find a new monastery in Clairvaux. Because of his intellectual capacities and eloquence, he was consulted by various ecclesiastical and secular leaders. He ensured the expansion of the Cistercian order throughout Europe. As a Doctor of the Church, he wrote many tracts and sermons and established a new rule for the Templars. Above all, he was concerned with the discipline of the clergy. Therefore, he wrote a spiritual manual for the priests and bishops. Saint Bernard can be seen as a true mystic. He envisioned the union of the human soul with God as the most important goal in life. According to a legend, Bernard once had a vision in which the Blessed Virgin appeared to him and strengthened him with her mother’s milk. In the arts, the saint is mainly depicted with an abbot’s staff and a book with the Cistercian rule. His vision was also often portrayed. 19th C, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with St. John Berchmans, Belgium, 163 x 73 cm The Belgian Jan Berchmans (Diest, 1599-Rome, 1621) was the eldest of five children. When his mother became seriously ill, he initially took care of her, but at the age of nine he was housed with the town’s priest. After a few years he moved to Mechelen to become the servant of a canon. It also gave him the opportunity to begin his studies in the seminary for priests. He eventually joined the Jesuits of Mechelen. He got their permission to study philosophy in Rome. In the Eternal City, he visited working-class neighbourhoods to teach the children about God. He died of an illness at the age of 22. Saint Jan Berchmans is the patron saint of school children and students. 19th C, Neo-Gothic Stained-Glass Window with Saint Clare...