Continental Europe - Sculptures
to
2,669
10,849
3,855
559
653
1,487
8,709
4,414
1,539
3,391
2,751
157
110
461
561
240
702
826
1,135
496
350
2,555
2,321
1,187
415
335
267
112
112
95
85
84
72
69
31
29
26
3
5,373
4,636
2,497
2,448
2,404
15,263
21,878
19,626
13,214
4,228
3,073
1,327
1,080
Height
to
Width
to
15,263
12,443
13,510
260
154
128
123
96
Item Ships From: Continental Europe
Luxury Vase #47 "Majestic". Porcelain, Gold Leaf. Handmade design in Italy. 2020
By Elica Studio
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
The heart collection is the result of the extravagant creativity of two innovative designers, who are inspired especially by the human body.
The heart collection is inspired by the ...
Category
2010s Italian Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Gold Leaf
Charlotte Perriand Mid-Century Modern Wood Architectural Piece, circa 1960
By Charlotte Perriand
Located in Barcelona, Barcelona
Discover a rare piece of Mid-Century Modern design with this Charlotte Perriand architectural piece, originally designed for Les Arcs France in 1960. Made of high-quality wood, this piece has been carefully preserved in its original condition, with only minor wear consistent with its age and use, which adds to its unique character.
Charlotte Perriand (1903-1999) was a French architect and designer who studied at the École de l'Union centrale des Arts décoratifs from 1920-1925. She collaborated with Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret until 1937, designing innovative tubular steel furnishings and system furniture. In 1937, she and Pierre Jeanneret designed a mountain chalet made of sheet aluminium, which they showcased at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne. She went on to become a design consultant to the Japanese Board...
Category
1960s Spanish Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Vintage Multicolored Murano Glass Fish Decorative Figurine by Fratelli Toso
By Fratelli Toso
Located in Bresso, Lombardy
Murano, Italy, 1950s.
This fish is made in polychromed encased hand-blown Murano glass with fins that are made in amber colored hand-modeled glass.
It is a vintage piece, therefore...
Category
1950s Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Murano Glass
Dansk International Designs Ltd. Small sculpture of a cat in plated silver.
Located in Copenhagen, DK
Dansk International Designs Ltd.
Small sculpture of a cat in plated silver.
Rare sculpture, sold to Japan.
1970s.
Marked.
In excellent condition.
Dimensions: L 4 cm x H 5 cm.
Category
1970s Danish Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Silver Plate
Large Belle Epoque Russian Carved Malachite Egg
Located in Worpswede / Bremen, DE
Impressive and large Russian malachite egg, carved from the solid. A timeless yet historic decorative object, which is a great addition to any sophistica...
Category
Late 19th Century Russian Belle Époque Antique Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Malachite
Midcentury Solid Brass Italian Towel Holder with Horse Heads, 1950s
Located in Roma, IT
Wonderful bathroom fixture: a brass towel rack with horse heads on the extremities.
It is made of three solid brass pieces, the two horse heads and the rack.
It was made in I...
Category
Mid-20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Brass
High relief -Hippodamia's rape of the centaur Eurythion -white Carrara marble
By Laboratorio Todini
Located in Tarquinia, IT
Abduction of Hippodamia by the centaur Eurizione
Made n Italy
High relief carved on white Carrara marble representing the "Rape of Hippodamia"
The total weight is about 23 kg
italian...
Category
Early 2000s Italian Classical Greek Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Marble
20th Century Italian Silver Gothic revival Table Clock. Casting and chisel
By Argenteria Marchetti
Located in VALENZA, IT
Solid silver 800 silver neo-Gothic silver table clock. The clock was made in casting and chiselling.
Mechanical mechanism
Category
1980s Italian Gothic Revival Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Silver
Austrian Viennese Bronze Pheasant, ca. 1900
Located in Delft, NL
An Austrian Viennese bronze pheasant
This sculpture in bronze of a pheasant is cold painted on bronze
A pheasant figurine standing with long tai...
Category
Late 19th Century Austrian Antique Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Decorative solid brass sculpture, parrot, 1970s Palm Beach- / Hollywood- Regency
Located in Stockholm, SE
This rare brass sculpture in the shape of a parrot. with black painted wood base, is the perfect office buddy. Get inspired by the office of Yves Saint Laurent and Pierre Bergé.
H...
Category
1970s European Hollywood Regency Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Brass
Vintage Duck Shaped Tureen by Ceramiche Mancioli, Italy, 1970s
Located in Roma, IT
Vintage nice duck shape tureen realized by Ceramiche Mancioli in 1970s.
Manufacturer's logo and mold/catalog numbers are shown on the bottom.
Very good condition.
Category
1970s Italian Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
Chandigarh IV - Marsala Brown - Design Sculpture Paolo Giordano Cement Cast
By Paolo Giordano
Located in MILANO, ML
Chandigarh IV - Marsala Brown - Design Sculpture Paolo Giordano Cement Cast
Chandigarh is a collection of sculptures inspired by the homonym city designed by Le Corbusier, who imagi...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Italian Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Concrete, Cement
Edition Picasso, Oiseau à la huppe, cendrier rond tourné, 1952.
By Madoura, Pablo Picasso
Located in Nice, Cote d' Azur
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973, Espagnol)
Oiseau à la huppe
1952
Cendrier rond tourné
D. 14,5 cm
R.A terre de faience blanche, décor à la paraffine oxydée, émail blanc,
Noir,
Tiré à 500 ex...
Category
1950s French Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
Swallow Nest Black Forest Key Rack Holder Wall Mount Vintage Folk Art
Located in Nuernberg, DE
A lovely key board made of hand carved wood, made in the black forest area in Germany. Found at an estate sale in Nuremberg, Germany. It is not marked. A nic...
Category
Early 20th Century German Black Forest Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Brass
Metallic rooster sculpture
Located in grand Lancy, CH
Big metallic rooster sculpture. The feathers seem like they are in movement which brings dynamic to the sculpture making it look almost alive.
Unknown artist but most probably European.
Category
1960s European Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Metal
Mid Century White Poodle Dog Sculpture II, Italy, 1960s
Located in 05-080 Hornowek, PL
Painted ceramic, good original vintage condition.
Damaged leg - was repaired - shown on pictures.
Beautiful and unique decorative sculpture.
White Poodle Dog Sculpture was produce...
Category
20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
Sculpture of Womanin Silver Foil and Gold Italy 1970s Guido Mariani
Located in Palermo, Sicily
Sculpture of Womanin Silver Foil and Gold Italy 1970s Guido Mariani
Category
1970s Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Gold Plate, Silver
Head of a crowned Virgin - Lorraine, first half of 14th century
Located in Bruxelles, BE
Head of a crowned Virgin
Lorraine, first half of 14th century.
H26 x 14 x 14 cm
Provenance :
- Private Collection, Paris France (1960)
Private Collection Tuscany, Italy (1980)
Ex...
Category
15th Century and Earlier French Gothic Antique Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Limestone
Art Deco Guido Cacciapuoti Cast Bronze Figurine Sculpture of a Lady
By Guido Cacciapuoti
Located in Torquay, GB
Art Deco cast bronze sculpture of a lady.
Attributed to Guido Cacciapuoti (Italian 1892-1953).
Featuring a stylised striking representation of an elegant yet mysterious lady.
Dual to...
Category
Early 20th Century Art Deco Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Seguso Sculpture Murano Glass Alabaster Elephant Murano Italian Design
By Archimede Seguso
Located in Palermo, Sicily
1960 sculpture Murano glass Seguso imitation alabaster.
Category
1960s Italian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Art Glass
Åsa Jungnelius for Kosta Boda. ‘Make Up’ sculpture in the shape of nail polish.
Located in Copenhagen, DK
Pre-owned goods are exempt from import duties for U.S. customers.
Therefore, no import tariffs will be applicable to your purchase.
Åsa Jungnelius for Kosta Boda. ‘Make Up’ sculptu...
Category
1980s Swedish Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Art Glass
Sculpture Representing a Statue of Caesar, 21st Century.
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
Sculpture representing a statue of Caesar, 21st century.
Sculpture of Caesar in patinated resin, stone base, 21st century.
H: 32.5cm, D: 13cm
Category
21st Century and Contemporary French Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Stone
Graffito glass sculpture by Ercole Barovier
By Barovier&Toso, Ercole Barovier
Located in Uccle, BE
Graffito glass sculpture by Ercole Barovier, Barovier & Toso.
This sculpture is made of clear glass decorated with gold dust,traversed by glass “laces” in shades of intense red and l...
Category
Mid-20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Art Glass, Blown Glass
Abstract Black Stoneware Ceramic Sculpture by Joelle Deroubaix, circa 1980
By Joelle Deroubaix
Located in Neuilly-en- sancerre, FR
Joelle Deroubaix
Original abstract stoneware ceramic sculpture
Elegant black ceramic glazes colors
20th mid-century French design
Unique piece
Signed at the base
Me...
Category
Mid-20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
Mid Century Big King White Poodle Dog Sculpture, Italy, 1960s
Located in 05-080 Hornowek, PL
Painted ceramic, very good original vintage condition. No damages or cracks. Beautiful and unique decorative sculpture. Big King White Poodle Dog Sculptur...
Category
20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
Linguat I Set of 2 Black Sculptures
By Omnibus Design
Located in Milan, IT
A celebration of nature in its purest form, this set of two wooden sculptures is meticulously handcrafted from pieces of oak trunks used in the 1930s for dying tapestries. Elegant and minimalist iron pin...
Category
2010s Italian Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Wood
Set of 3 Leather Patchwork Turtle Poufs - Mid-Century Modern, Switzerland, 1960s
By De Sede
Located in Nürnberg, Bayern
Set of 3 Patchwork Leather Turtle.
1x extremely rare giant Turtle pouf plus 2x smaller poufs suitable for children.
The seat height of the smaller Turt...
Category
1960s Swiss Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Leather
"Wrapped in Blue" Fluorescent Jellyfish, Murano Glass, Handmade in Italy, 2024
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
The jellyfish is the main element of the Mosche Bianche's "Medusa" Collection: fluid, delicate but also dangerous and deadly. It represents the water, the circle of life.
The speci...
Category
2010s Italian Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Art Glass
Gorilla Kong Black Sculpture in Black Matt Resine Orlinski
By Richard Orlinksi
Located in Paris, FR
Sculpture gorilla kong black all in black
matte resin. Limited edition of 8 pieces,
numerated 3/8. By Richard Orlinski.
Exceptional piece.
Category
21st Century and Contemporary French Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Resin
Home Design White Calacatta Marble Bath Holds 5 People Gallerystock
Located in Carrara, IT
The organically shaped Ovum basin symbolizes tribute to the perfection within Nature. Although geometrical, the softness of the edges combines with the water surface to create an egg...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Italian Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Carrara Marble
Candleholder Walter Bosse Cow, circa 1950s
By Walter Bosse, Herta Baller
Located in Wien, AT
Candleholder Walter Bosse cow
Good original condition.
(The candle is only for decoration for the photo shooting not for sell).
Category
1950s Austrian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Brass
2000s Organic Modern Movable Hand-Carved Sicilian Wood Sculpture by Sciacca
Located in Aci Castello, IT
This sculpture is a contemporary, hand-carved wooden artwork from the 2000s. It features a series of intricately shaped wood blocks and organic forms stacked in a vertical arrangemen...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Sicilian Post-Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Iron
Chandigarh II - Mint Green - Design Sculpture Paolo Giordano Cement Cast
By Paolo Giordano
Located in MILANO, ML
Chandigarh II- Mint Green - Design Sculpture Paolo Giordano Cement Cast
Chandigarh is a collection of sculptures inspired by the homonym city designed by Le Corbusier, who imagined and created it from nothing in India. The sculptures are made of exposed concrete...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Italian Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Concrete, Cement
Small Elephant Figurine by Walter Bosse Vienna Around 1950s
By Walter Bosse, Herta Baller
Located in Wien, AT
Small Elephant Figurine by Walter Bosse Vienna Around 1950s
Original condition
Category
1950s Austrian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Brass
Art Deco Gold Painted Bronze Figure "Arlequin Dancer" by Demetre Chiparus
By Demetre Chiparus
Located in BILBAO, ES
Dancer by Demétre Chiparus 1886 - 1947
Large chrysoelephantine sculpture in gilt bronze Marble base.
Signed "D. H. Chiparus".
Measures: 36 cms. with base and 28cm alt. total and 19 c...
Category
1920s French Art Deco Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Marble Bust of an African Man, Italy 20th Century
Located in Greding, DE
Life-size bust of a dark-skinned man with a headdress and light-coloured clothing. The bust is made of different types of coloured marble and carved by hand.
Category
20th Century Italian Neoclassical Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Marble
Midcentury Gray Shepherd Ceramic Dog Sculpture, Europe, 1960s
Located in 05-080 Hornowek, PL
Painted ceramic, very good original vintage condition. No damages or cracks. Beautiful and unique decorative sculpture. Gray Shepherd Dog Sculpture was produced in England. Only one ...
Category
20th Century English Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic
Pair of Blue Murano Glass Duck Sculptures Signed Cenedese 1980s Italy
By Cenedese
Located in Villaverla, IT
Pair of Blue Murano glass duck sculptures signed Cenedese 1980s Italy with Submerged Gold Finishes
This artistic pair of duck sculptures will brings with itself a touch of Venerian ...
Category
1980s Italian Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Glass, Murano Glass, Cut Glass, Blown Glass, Art Glass
After Charles Valton Image Wounded Lioness Bronze Patina Plaster
By Charles Valton
Located in Poperinge, BE
Very old statue of a wounded lioness, after an original by French sculptor Charles Valton from the 19th century, this statue has a bronze patina and is mad...
Category
Early 20th Century French Art Nouveau Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Plaster
Coppia di Maniglie con Ali Futuriste 1930 Italia in Solido Ottone lucidato
Located in Palermo, Sicily
Coppia di Maniglie con Ali Futuriste 1930 Italia in Solido Ottone lucidato
Category
1930s Italian Futurist Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Brass
Torso maschile in ceramica chiara - Discoforo -made in Italy
By Laboratorio Todini
Located in Tarquinia, IT
Scultura, Torso maschile, arte classica, arte greca, Torso, scultura classica, torso antico, torso discoforo, scultura ceramica. torso ceramica
Torso maschile modellato a mano su cer...
Category
1990s European Classical Greek Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Marble
Italian 18th/ 19th Century Carved Giltwood Neo Classical Style bird Ornament
Located in Buisson, FR
Beautiful handcarved giltwood bird ornament.
Italy circa 1780-1820 . Weathered and small losses
Measurements individual and include the wooden base.
H:23,5cm W:41cm D:6,5cm
Category
Early 19th Century Italian Neoclassical Antique Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Wood
"David by Michelangelo" Plaster Bust
Located in Sacile, PN
A gorgeous white Plaster Bust of "David by Michelangelo".
This statue is based on the sculpture of David by Michelangelo, which is a masterpiece ...
Category
Late 20th Century Italian Neoclassical Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Plaster
Pegasus Contemporary Pop Centerpiece Handmade in Italy Without Mold, 2023
By Mosche Bianche
Located in San Miniato PI, IT
The piece is a unique representation of a man in a modern way. The man is gently painted with acrylic color.
Our designer creates these pieces completely by hand, without any mold....
Category
2010s Italian Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Ceramic, Paint
Thomas Francois Cartier (1879-1943): Tiger
By Thomas Francois-Cartier
Located in Budapest, HU
Thomas François Cartier, born on January 3, 1879, in Marseille, France, and passing away on December 27, 1943, was a notable French sculptor celebrated for his masterful depictions o...
Category
1920s Art Deco Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Marble, Bronze
Brown Art Nouveau Vase from Upsala Ekeby, Sweden with Floral decor.
By Upsala Ekeby
Located in Stockholm, SE
A lovely vase with a Floral Art Nouveau decor designed at Upsala Ekeby in the early 20th century. The vase is 25 cm high and in very good condition except from some scratches.
Category
Early 20th Century Swedish Scandinavian Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Porcelain
Impressive & Large Alabaster Pendant Light Chandelier w Bronze Lizard Sculptures
Located in Lisse, NL
Beautiful design and wonderful light creating, mineral stone fixture.
This marvelous, early 20th century alabaster and bronze work of lighting art is another one of our recent and g...
Category
Early 20th Century European Arts and Crafts Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Alabaster, Bronze
Rare Art Deco Table Lamp Alabaster Globe Light with Sculture Bronze Eagle
Located in Mombuey, Zamora
It is a singular piece, it is not common
Table lamp Art Deco marble sphere with interior light with bronze eagle
Hollow alabaster sphere with interior light and crowned by a bron...
Category
Early 20th Century Spanish Art Deco Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Marble, Alabaster, Bronze
« La Baigneuse » ou « La Nymphe prenant son bain » (1757)
By Étienne Maurice Falconet
Located in Ixelles, BE
Étienne-Maurice Falconet (1716-1791), "The Bather" or "The Nymph Bathing" (1757)
Artistic Explanation:
The Nymph Bathing is a masterpiece of 18th-century French sculpture, created...
Category
1750s French Baroque Antique Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Brutalist Bird Sculpture, Iron and Brass, Mid Century Modern, France
Located in ROUEN, FR
Brutalist Metal Bird Sculpture in Iron and Brass, Mid Century Modern, France.
A rare and expressive design, finely crafted in wrought iron and brass.
The metalwork is particularly ...
Category
Mid-20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Brass, Copper, Iron, Wrought Iron
Abstract bronze sculpture by André Willequet, Belgium 1970s
By André Willequet
Located in Rotterdam, ZH
Abstract bronze sculpture by André Willequet (1921 - 1998), Belgium 1970s. Willequet was trained by sculptor Oscar Jespers at the 'École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture et des Ar...
Category
1970s Belgian Mid-Century Modern Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Bronze
Rone Contemporary LED Wall Light Sconce, solid brass, hand-finished in Sweden
By Ovature Studios
Located in Torslanda, SE
The Rone range is an exploration of the delicate balance of Classic forms. In simplicity, quality is at the utmost importance and our solid brass parts are painstakingly milled or sp...
Category
2010s Scandinavian Modern Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Brass
Art deco Bronze Depicting a Doe and its Fawn on a Black Marble Base
Located in Antwerp, BE
"Stag, doe and fawn" also know as "Deer family"
Art deco bronze depicting a doe and its fawn on a black marble base.
Weight 28 lbs - 13 kg.
Category
20th Century European Art Deco Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Marble, Bronze
Antique Gothic Revival Gilt Bronze Dragon Andirons or Firedogs / Fireplace Tools
Located in Lisse, NL
Imagine these in your fireplace with the flames burning on all sides.
These beautifully and all handcrafted, large and fire-gilt bronze andirons are made to stand in your fireplace ...
Category
Late 19th Century French Gothic Revival Antique Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Bronze, Wrought Iron, Iron
18th Century Frame with a Marble Profile Portraits Vespesian Roman Emperor
Located in Firenze, IT
SHIPPING POLICY:
No additional costs will be added to this order.
Shipping costs will be totally covered by the seller (customs duties included).
In terracotta with black marble medallion centered by a white marble profile...
Category
1780s Italian Neoclassical Antique Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Marble
Gilbert Privat, French Art Deco Bather with Child, Terracotta Sculpture, 1920
By Gilbert Privat
Located in Saint-Amans-des-Cots, FR
Large terracotta sculpture by Auguste Gilbert Privat (1892-1969), 1920s, France. Bather with a child. Measures: H 64.4 cm, 25.4 in, W 18.8 cm, 7.4 in, D 16.7 cm, 6.6 in. Signed on th...
Category
1920s French Art Deco Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Terracotta
Guframini God
By Gufram Furniture
Located in Milan, IT
Gufram icons have become smaller and have turned into Guframinis! Designed in a 1:8 scale the new miniatures perfectly reproduce the famous original sculptures. Each "mini" creation ...
Category
2010s Italian Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Resin
URSS Ceramic Sculpture of a Seal from the 1940s
By Imperial Russia
Located in Milano, MI
Russian USSR ceramic seal figurine, made in the 1940s
Ø 14 cm Ø 13 cm h 13 cm
Category
1940s Russian International Style Vintage Continental Europe - Sculptures
Materials
Porcelain
Read More
He Wrote ‘Oedipus Rex,’ but Do You Know What He Looked Like?
The Greek tragedian is said to have been handsome in his day.
These Soft Sculptures Are Childhood Imaginary Friends Come to Life
Miami artist and designer Gabriela Noelle’s fantastical creations appeal to the Peter Pan in all of us.
Salvatori Commissioned Several Famous Architects to Create Miniature Homes in Stone
Gabriele Salvatori explains how the COVID lockdowns inspired his design company's latest collection, the Village.
Christopher Norman Is Turning the Cast-Off Urban Trees of Los Angeles into Art
With a World War II–era milling machine, the California artist crafts poetic, sculptural furniture pieces.
These Human-Size Ceramic Hares Evoke Serious Emotions
Swedish artist Margit Brundin's large anthropomorphic animal sculptures are on view for the first time in the United States at Dienst + Dotter Antikviteter, in New York.
Tour the Wabi-Sabi New York Apartment of Andrianna Shamaris
As her sun-filled home reveals, the furniture maker and dealer puts a contemporary spin on antiques from around the globe.
Vicente Wolf’s Tips for Finding — and Living with — Eastern Treasures
The A-list designer shares his expertise on choosing authentic objects and displaying them with style.
Rodrigo Rivero Lake’s Mexico City Showroom Is a Museum-Worthy Trove of Spanish Colonial and Asian Antiques
The dealer and curator has spent the past 50 years amassing a collection of exceptional art, furniture and architectural elements that trace the cultural influence of the Spanish empire from Europe to the Americas and beyond.