Skip to main content

Long Bronze Inkwell

Vintage Gilt Bronze and Marble Inkwell
By G. None
Located in Bronx, NY
This vintage 19th century inkwell is beautifully designed with a detailed sculpted doré' bronze
Category

Antique 1880s English Victorian Inkwells

Materials

Marble, Bronze

Vintage Gilt Bronze and Marble Inkwell
Vintage Gilt Bronze and Marble Inkwell
H 9 in W 14.75 in D 8.88 in
English Regency antique inkwell ecrier in patinated bronze
Located in London, GB
A fine English Regency period patinated bronze inkwell in the shape of a long ship. The main body
Category

Antique 19th Century English Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

French Gilt Bronze Inkwell and Sander with Classical Figure to the Lid
Located in London, GB
French inkwell in gilt bronze. Classical lady after the antique to the lid. She lying back against
Category

Antique 1890s French Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

Maitland Smith Bronze Toad Frog Lily Pad Inkwell Pen Holder Sculpture Statue
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Maitland Smith Bronze Toad Frog Seated on Lily Pad Inkwell Pen Holder 18" Sculpture Statue. Item is
Category

Late 20th Century Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

Rare Inkwell, Bronze Art Nouveau USA President Wilson 1st W War, Signed Cuzin
Located in Paris, FR
Rare, one of a kind. This unique Art Nouveau bronze inkwell, signed by Cuzin, circa 1918
Category

Vintage 1910s French Art Nouveau Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

Important Napoleon III Lion Inkwell, 19th Century
By Europa Antiques
Located in Madrid, ES
lion's head with a long mane in bronze with dark patina, surrounded by two finely chiseled gilt bronze
Category

Antique 19th Century French Napoleon III Inkwells

Materials

Marble

Renaissance Italian Inkwell Calamelli workshop, Faenza, second half of the 16th
By Virgiliotto Calamelli
Located in Milano, IT
inspired bronzes, characterized a long tradition of imitation during the Renaissance (Warren J. in Marino M
Category

Antique 16th Century Italian Renaissance Inkwells

Materials

Maiolica

English Regency Desk Set in Form of British Sailors Defending a Fort with Mortar
Located in London, GB
An extremely rare and very unusual bronze desk set in the form of British sailors ( or Jack Tars
Category

Antique 1810s English Regency Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

19th Century French Louis XV Style Ormolu Mounted Encrier
Located in Forney, TX
- inkstand) dating to the 19th century, featuring bronze dore sculpture of a winged putto reading from a
Category

Antique 19th Century Louis XV Inkwells

Materials

Bronze, Ormolu

French Gilt Bronze and Red Marble Cherub with Dog Inkwell Pen Stand 19th Century
Located in Gardena, CA
French gilt bronze and red marble cherub with dog inkwell pen stand, 19th century. The gilt bronze
Category

Antique 19th Century More Desk Accessories

Materials

Bronze

Antique Middle Eastern Islamic Brass Inkwell Qalamdan, circa 1850
Located in North Hollywood, CA
Antique Middle Eastern Brass Inkwell Qalamdan. A 19th century brass decorated Middle Eastern
Category

Antique Late 19th Century Asian Islamic Scholar's Objects

Materials

Bronze

French 19th Century Restauration Psyche Coiffeuse Mirror
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
A French 19th Century Restauration Psyche Coiffeuse mirror Patinated and gilt bronze rectangular
Category

Antique 1820s French Restauration Table Mirrors

Materials

Bronze

Antique English Coromandel & Ormolu Mounted Four Piece Desk Set Mid 19th C
By George Betjemann & Sons
Located in London, GB
topped casket, an adjustable bookrest, a circular cut glass inkwell and a blotter. There is no mistaking
Category

Antique 1860s English Victorian Desk Sets

Materials

Ormolu

People Also Browsed

A Louis Philippe bronze and ormolu desk set
By Louis Philippe
Located in Lymington, Hampshire
A Louis Philippe bronze and ormolu desk set, comprising two ink wells and a powder shaker in the form of crenelated urns with anthemion-bud finials, all set on a rectangular base wit...
Category

Antique 1840s French Desk Sets

Materials

Bronze

19th Century Bronze Dore Napolean Ink Well, France.
Located in Atlanta, GA
An Encrier set with richly-veined Verde Antico marble base mounted with pair gilt-bronze inkwells flanked on either side of a Napolean bust. The marble base with pen tray rest on sh...
Category

Antique 19th Century French Napoleon III Inkwells

Materials

Marble, Bronze

Late 19th Century Bronze Statue, Suzanne by Eugene-Antoine Aizelin
By Eugene-Antoine Aizelin
Located in Paris, FR
Bronze statue in brown patina representing Susanna, sculpted by Eugene-Antoine Aizelin (1821-1902). Susanna at the bath is a story from the apocryphal chapter 13 of the Book of Danie...
Category

Antique Late 19th Century French Neoclassical Figurative Sculptures

Materials

Carrara Marble, Bronze

Early 20th Century Bronze Sculpture of Elephants
By Antonio Amorgasti 1
Located in Antwerp, BE
Early 20th century bronze sculpture of two elephants with a patinated bronzed finish. The base signed Ant.Amorgasti, 1924. Antonio Amorgasti,(1880-1942) was a sculptor who, inte...
Category

Vintage 1920s Belgian Art Deco Animal Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Elephant Bronze Incense Burner
Located in Somis, CA
A beautiful, one of a kind, bronze incense burner featuring 3 elephants. The burner has a round lid with a Classic "Temple of Heaven" finial. handmade slits allow aromatic smoke to e...
Category

20th Century Chinese More Asian Art, Objects and Furniture

Materials

Bronze

Elephant Bronze Incense Burner
Elephant Bronze Incense Burner
H 7 in W 6 in D 6 in
19th Century Victorian Malachite and Ormolu-Mounted Inkwell
Located in London, GB
This is a wonderful antique Victorian ormolu and malachite mounted inkwell, circa 1870 in date. The ormolu inkwell has a decorative inset turquoise cabochon gemstone with a chain ...
Category

Antique 1870s English Victorian Inkwells

Materials

Malachite, Ormolu

Pair of Solid Bronze Elephant Bookends
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Pair of Solid Bronze Elephant bookends. The pair are very handsome and ready to hold some of your heaviest books, at 2.8 pounds each they pack a lot of power. Well suited for any d...
Category

20th Century Mid-Century Modern Bookends

Materials

Bronze

Pair of Solid Bronze Elephant Bookends
Pair of Solid Bronze Elephant Bookends
H 5.5 in W 3.5 in D 2.5 in
French 19th Century Neogothic Inkwell
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
Diana the Huntress A Louis Philippe Neo-Gothic Style Ormolu Inkwell Rectangular in brown patina bronze and gilt bronze. The tier presents in its center a statuette of Diana the ...
Category

Antique 1850s French Napoleon III Inkwells

Materials

Bronze, Ormolu

French 19th Century Neogothic Inkwell
French 19th Century Neogothic Inkwell
1 bid
No Reserve
H 9.45 in W 15.75 in D 6.3 in
Tiffany Studios New York Bronze Doré Rocker Blotter
By Tiffany Studios
Located in South Bend, IN
A gorgeous antique Arts & Crafts period gilt bronze and enamel rocker ink blotter By Tiffany Studios (signed on the side) New York, USA, Early 20th Century Measures: 5.75"W x 4"D...
Category

Early 20th Century American Arts and Crafts Desk Sets

Materials

Bronze, Enamel

Travertine 'Slo' Book Ends by Christophe Delcourt, Collection Particulière
By Collection Particulière
Located in Utrecht, NL
Pair of 'SLO' book ends in 'Travertine' by French designer Christophe Delcourt. Renown designer and interior decorator Delcourt celebrates his passion for noble materials, by infusi...
Category

21st Century and Contemporary French Modern Bookends

Materials

Travertine

Antique Repousse Sterling Inkwell with Insert
Located in San Diego, CA
Antique hand-hammered repousse sterling silver inkwell, circa 1900. The inkwell has a single back hinge to open the lid and a screw cap and the glass liner. Fine condition and rich p...
Category

Early 20th Century American Victorian Inkwells

Materials

Sterling Silver

Cold Painted Vienna Bronze Spaniel, Bergmann Foundry, ca. 1920's
By Bergmann Foundry
Located in Petaluma, CA
Cold Painted Spaniel attributed to the Bergmann foundry. A nice example with some wear to the factory finish. Still a very cute model.
Category

Vintage 1920s Austrian Other Animal Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

French 19th Century Louis XV Style Sterling Silver Tureen by Maison Odiot
By Maison Odiot Paris
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A fine French 19th century Louis XV st. Sterling silver tureen from Maison Odiot, stamped PR - Maison ODIOT PRÉVOST & Cie. 1449 with its original fitted insert. The tureen displays a...
Category

Antique 19th Century French Louis XV Centerpieces

Materials

Sterling Silver

Inkwell In Gilt Bronze And Marble 19th Century
Located in CHALON-SUR-SAÔNE, FR
Richly chiseled and gilded bronze inkwell. Basin with lion's mouth, arched feet with scrolls and acanthus leaves, resting on an oval marble base rimmed with bronze. 19th century peri...
Category

Antique Mid-19th Century French Louis XIV Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

Charles X Gothic Revival Gilt and Patinated Bronze and Siena Marble Inkwell
Located in Kittery Point, ME
Of rectangular shape, decorated with gothic cathedral arcades, with two wells and two pen holders, raised on a Siena marble base raised on scrolled feet. Between the twelfth and six...
Category

Antique 1820s French Gothic Revival Inkwells

Materials

Siena Marble, Bronze

19th Century French Bronze and Marble Ink Well
Located in Vancouver, British Columbia
A rare totally original French 19th century Louis XVI style gilt bronze and marble ink well with griotte and green marble marble inlay.
Category

Antique Mid-19th Century French Louis XVI Inkwells

Materials

Marble, Bronze

Recent Sales

Bronze English Inkwell Set with Rocking Blotter
Located in Cookeville, TN
We are featuring an ornate Victorian inkwell with a rocking blotter. The details on the cast bronze
Category

Antique Late 19th Century British Victorian Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

Bronze and Glass Early Victorian Period Desk Set
Located in Darwen, GB
A bronze and glass Early Victorian Period desk set. Having two cut glass bottles with floriform
Category

Antique 1840s Victorian Desk Sets

Materials

Cut Glass

Antique Vienna Bronze Dachshund Inkwell
Located in Oxfordshire, GB
Dachshund bronze inkwell. A fabulous early 20th century cold painted Austrian bronze inkwell
Category

Vintage 1910s German Sporting Art Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

Antique Vienna Bronze Dachshund Inkwell
Antique Vienna Bronze Dachshund Inkwell
H 3.94 in W 4.73 in D 2.76 in
Art Nouveau Bronze Inkwell with Reading Lady by Jochems, 1895
By Frans Jochems
Located in Antwerp, BE
Description:
 An Art Nouveau bronze inkwell with a reading lady in a long dress. 
 Artist/ Maker
Category

Antique Late 19th Century Belgian Art Nouveau Inkwells

Materials

Marble, Bronze

Late 19th Century French Gilt Bronze and Crystal Inkwell and Stamp Rest
Located in Fayetteville, AR
This late 19th century French crystal inkwell features a gilt bronze case and lid detailed with
Category

Antique Late 19th Century French Inkwells

Materials

Crystal, Bronze

French 19th Century Louis XVI Greek Style Ormolu Inkwell Boin-Taburet Paris
By Boin-Taburet
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
A French 19th century Louis XVI style Ormolu inkwell An Ormolu Double inkwell decorated with
Category

Antique 1880s French Louis XVI Inkwells

Materials

Ormolu

Late 19th Century Vienna Bronze Great Dane Pen Wiper
Located in Middleburg, VA
Dane and made of bronze. Late 1800s, Vienna, Austria. Measures: 3.75" Height, 7" Long.
Category

Antique Late 19th Century Austrian Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

French 19th Century Empire Gilt Bronze Crystal Marble Inkstand Attr. Baccarat
By Baccarat
Located in Berlin, DE
moving bows. In the center of the plate the fixed inkwell of solid quality crystal glass with bronze
Category

Antique Late 19th Century French Empire Inkwells

Materials

Crystal, Marble, Bronze

Art Deco Bronze and Green Marble Pen Holder by Parker Pen
Located in Van Nuys, CA
been repaired and has a crack near the nib end. Measure: 5 1/2" long x 3 1/4" wide 3/4" deep marble
Category

Vintage 1920s American Art Deco Inkwells

Materials

Marble, Bronze

Antique French Boulle Cut Brass Inlaid Inkstand c.1840
Located in London, GB
date and made in the manner of George Bullock. The encrier comprises two glass inkwells with a
Category

Antique 1840s French Inkwells

Egyptian Revival Desk Set, Stunning Group of Bronzes for the Desk by Schwarz
By Rudolf Schwarz
Located in Philadelphia, PA
This magnificent bronze desk set -- including a large inkwell in the form of a Pharaoh's head
Category

Vintage 1920s German Egyptian Revival Desk Sets

Materials

Bronze

French Ormolu and Bronze Desk Ink Set Encrier Satyr Mounts Regency Period
Located in Dublin, Ireland
Stunning French “Grand Tour” Ormolu & Patinated Bronze Desk Set, Encrier or Pentray, of outstanding
Category

Antique 19th Century French Desk Sets

Materials

Crystal, Bronze, Ormolu

Antique French Ormolu Bronze Desk Ink Set Encrier Acanthus Grand Tour Regency
Located in Dublin, Ireland
Stunning French “Grand Tour” Ormolu & Patinated Bronze Desk Set, Encrier or Pentray, of outstanding
Category

Antique 19th Century French Regency Desk Sets

Materials

Ormolu, Bronze

French Ormolu Silver Bronze Desk Ink Set Filigre Cherub Mount Regency Grand Tour
Located in Dublin, Ireland
Stunning French “Grand Tour” Filigree mounted ormolu & silver-plated bronze desk inkwell Encrier of
Category

Antique 19th Century French Desk Sets

Materials

Crystal, Bronze, Ormolu

French Art Nouveau Bronze Inkwell of a Maiden with Long Hair
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
French Art Nouveau bronze inkwell of a maiden with long hair. France, circa 1890. A unsigned
Category

Early 20th Century French Art Nouveau Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

Art Deco Inkwell with Fish by Franjou, France
By Franjou
Located in Antwerp, BE
Art Deco inkwell with a fish by the French Artist Franjou. This desk ornament has a bronze
Category

Early 20th Century French Art Deco Inkwells

Materials

Marble, Bronze, Metal

French Art Nouveau Brass Footed Double Ink Well Filigree Bronze Moorish Style
Located in North Hollywood, CA
Victorian metal cast bronze ornate filigree double well inkwell and holders, very ornate with Orientalist
Category

Early 20th Century French Art Nouveau Inkwells

Materials

Brass

Antique Bronze Gilt Inkwell by P. Tereszczuk Figural Male and Female
By Peter Tereszczuk
Located in Toledo, OH
Antique gilt bronze inkwell by Austrian sculptor P. Tereszczuk. Signed on the back. Figural male
Category

Early 20th Century Ukrainian Art Nouveau Figurative Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Cold Painted Vienna Bronze Inkwell, 2 Owls, Mother and Baby, circa 1910
By Franz Bergmann
Located in Petaluma, CA
We do specialize in Vienna bronzes, and we seek quality casting and clean original colorful paint
Category

Vintage 1910s Austrian Art Nouveau Animal Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Cold Painted Vienna Bronze Group, Man & His English Bulldog Dining
By H. Stemhauser
Located in Petaluma, CA
at it. I don't usually write such a long description, but this bronze is not very usual. If you like
Category

Antique Early 1900s German Beaux Arts Animal Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

Cupid Cherub Angel Austrian Vienna Bronze Writing I Love You Ich liebe Dich 1907
Located in New York, NY
Austrian Bronze. The bronze is 2 3/4 inches (7 cm) long and the book is 1 3/8 inches (3.5 cm) wide. The
Category

Antique Early 1900s Austrian Gilded Age Figurines and Sculptures

Materials

Bronze

1905-1920 Green Slag Glass and Bronze Desk Set by Tiffany Studios New York
By Tiffany Studios, Louis Comfort Tiffany
Located in Haarlem, NL
Green mottled slag glass and etched bronze desk set by Tiffany Studios New York, consisting of a
Category

Antique Early 19th Century American Art Nouveau Desk Sets

Materials

Bronze

Napoleon III Secrétaire à Abattant, by Leclaire, circa 1860
By A. Leclaire
Located in Brighton, West Sussex
integral gilt-bronze and brass inkwell and sand shaker. The cabinet is raised on a stand fitted with a
Category

Antique Mid-19th Century French Napoleon III Secretaires

Materials

Bronze

Inkwell Writing Malachite Golden Bronze
Located in Milano, IT
Inkwell Writing Malachite Golden Bronze Made by the Tosco-Ticciati company. Unique piece in perfect
Category

21st Century and Contemporary Inkwells

Materials

Malachite, Bronze

Inkwell Writing Malachite Golden Bronze
Inkwell Writing Malachite Golden Bronze
H 7.49 in W 16.15 in D 23.63 in
Monumental French bronze Alligator form box inkwell
Located in New York, NY
From the same collection as the Turtle we just listed is this dynamite bronze Alligator. This guy
Category

Antique 19th Century French Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

FIGURAL GRAND TOUR BRONZE INKWELL
Located in Pasadena, CA
Circa 1880 bronze inkwell with a hinged lid in the form of a mask, this grotesque figural head has
Category

Antique 19th Century Italian Decorative Objects

Materials

Bronze

FIGURAL GRAND TOUR BRONZE INKWELL
FIGURAL GRAND TOUR BRONZE INKWELL
H 4 in W 9.25 in D 4 in
Figural Bronze Animal Inkwell Lamp
Located in Santa Rosa, CA
charming bronze inkwells mounted on bronze lamp base with candle holders and electric. There is
Category

Early 20th Century Table Lamps

Materials

Bronze

Figural Bronze Animal Inkwell Lamp
Figural Bronze Animal Inkwell Lamp
H 27 in W 13 in D 13 in
Three-Piece Marble Desk Set with Bronze Eagle, circa 1930
Located in Charlevoix, MI
flight. The centerpiece has two inkwells with removable reservoirs and a tray to hold pens. The letter
Category

Vintage 1930s French Art Deco Desk Sets

Materials

Marble, Bronze

Tiffany Studios Venetian Desk Set, original (7 pieces)
By Tiffany Studios
Located in Bronx, NY
long blotter ends, a small inkwell w/ glass insert, a rocker blotter, a pen tray, a cigar box and a
Category

Early 20th Century American Desk Accessories

Materials

Bronze

Late 19th Century Austrian Geschutzt Cold Painted Bronze Terrier Ink Well
By Geschutzt
Located in Ferndown, Dorset
Late 19th century Austrian Geschutzt cold painted bronze ink well in the form of a Terrier head
Category

Antique Late 19th Century Austrian Victorian Inkwells

Materials

Brass, Bronze

Antique Victorian Dancing Bear Desk Ornament
Located in London, Greenwich
inkwell and pen stand but could be a vesta match holder. He is made from gilded bronze and stands on a
Category

Antique 19th Century British Victorian Inkwells

Materials

Bronze

Warriors in a Canoe by Carl Hagenauer Werksstätte, Vienna, circa 1930s
By Karl Hagenauer, Werkstätte Hagenauer Wien
Located in Pau, FR
bronzes to everyday items such as corkscrews, bookends and inkwells. The designs are all from very high
Category

Vintage 1930s Austrian Art Deco Figurative Sculptures

Materials

Brass

Monumental Desk Ensemble by Bruno Zach
By Bruno Zach
Located in Bronx, NY
This magnificent dore' bronze desk set was designed and sculpted by Bruno Zach. It consists of
Category

Antique 19th Century German Desk Accessories

Materials

Bronze

Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "Long Bronze Inkwell", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.

Long Bronze Inkwell For Sale on 1stDibs

Find many varieties of an authentic long bronze inkwell available at 1stDibs. Frequently made of metal, bronze and ormolu, every long bronze inkwell was constructed with great care. Your living room may not be complete without a long bronze inkwell — find older editions for sale from the 18th Century and newer versions made as recently as the 20th Century. A long bronze inkwell is a generally popular piece of furniture, but those created in Art Nouveau, Victorian and louis xv styles are sought with frequency. Europa Antiques and George Betjemann & Sons each produced at least one beautiful long bronze inkwell that is worth considering.

How Much is a Long Bronze Inkwell?

The average selling price for a long bronze inkwell at 1stDibs is $1,333, while they’re typically $450 on the low end and $17,709 for the highest priced.

Finding the Right desk-accessories for You

Whether you’ve carved out a space for a nifty home office or you prefer the morning commute, why not dress up your desk with antique and vintage desk accessories? To best tiptoe the line between desk efficiency and desk enjoyment, we suggest adding a touch of the past to your modern-day space.

Desks are a funny thing. Their basic premise has remained the same for quite literally centuries: a flat surface, oftentimes a drawer, and potentially a shelf or two. However, the contents that lay upon the desk? Well, the evolution has been drastic to say the least.

Thank the Victorians for the initial popularity of the paperweight. The Industrial Revolution offered the novel concept of leisure-time to Europeans, giving them more time to take part in the then crucial activity of letter writing. Decorative glass paperweight designs were all the rage, and during the mid-19th-century some of the most popular makers included the French companies of Baccarat, St. Louis and Clichy.

As paper was exceedingly expensive in the early to mid-19th-century, every effort was made to utilize a full sheet of it. Paper knives, which gave way to the modern letter opener, were helpful for cutting paper down to an appropriate size.

Books — those bound volumes of paper, you may recall — used to be common occurrences on desks of yore and where there were books there needed to be bookends. As a luxury item, bookend designs have run the gamut from incorporating ultra-luxurious materials (think marble and Murano glass) to being whimsical desk accompaniments (animal figurines were highly popular choices).

Though the inkwell’s extinction was ushered in by the advent of the ballpoint pen (itself quasi-obsolete at this point), there is still significant charm to be had from placing one of these bauble-like objets in a central spot on one’s desk. You may be surprised to discover the mood-boosting powers an antique — and purposefully empty — inkwell can provide.

The clamor for desk clocks arose as the Industrial Revolution transitioned labor from outdoors to indoors, and allowed for the mass-production of clock parts in factories. Naturally, elaborate designs soon followed and clocks could be found made by artisans and luxury houses like Cartier.

Find antique and vintage desk accessories today on 1stDibs.

Read More

African Travel Plans on Hold? This Ardmore Leopard Vase Brings the Beauty of the Savanna to You

It’s an excellent example of the sought-after ceramics coming out of South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province.

With a High-Tech Flagship and Cool Collabs, Lladró Is Breaking the Mold for Porcelain Production

Thanks to its new leadership, the Spanish maker of figurines, busts and lighting is on a mission to update the art of porcelain for the 21st century.

Zoë Powell’s Magnolia 05 Vessel Is Handmade from Clay She Unearthed Herself

The free-form stoneware piece is inspired by the magnolia tree and its associations with home.

8 Ways to Breathe New Life into a Space with Plants

The pair behind the Instagram account @houseplantclub share their tips for making any room of the house gloriously green.

Paris Gallerist Sandy Toupenet Gets Fired Up over 20th-Century Ceramics and Inventive New Makers

Her space on the city’s Left Bank mixes mid-century pieces by the likes of Jean Cocteau and Pablo Picasso with whimsical contemporary creations.

These Soft Sculptures Are Childhood Imaginary Friends Come to Life

Miami artist and designer Gabriela Noelle’s fantastical creations appeal to the Peter Pan in all of us.

This Vivacious Teapot Has Agnes Martin on One Side and Jean-Michel Basquiat on the Other

Ceramist Roberto Lugo brings a street-art sensibility to a dainty serving vessel while paying homage to his artistic heroes.

This Rare Set of 100 Alessi Vases Includes Designs by Scores of International Artists

Alessandro Mendini, Michael Graves, Ettore Sottsass and other design luminaries contributed to this unusual collection of porcelain wares representing a time capsule of late-20th-century decorative art.