Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
BRUTALIST STYLE
The design of brutalist furniture encompasses that which is crafted, hewn and worked by hand — an aesthetic rebuke (or, at least, a counterpoint) to furniture that is created using 21st-century materials and technology. Lately, the word “brutalist” has been adopted by the realms of furniture design and the decorative arts to refer to chairs, cabinets, tables and accessory pieces such as mirror frames and lighting that are made of rougher, deeply textured metals and other materials that are the visual and palpable antithesis of the sleek, smooth and suave.
ORIGINS OF BRUTALIST FURNITURE DESIGN
- Brutalism emerged during the mid-20th century
- Term coined by architecture critic Reyner Banham
- Originated in the United Kingdom
- Brutalist architecture gained popularity in the United States beginning in the early 1960s
- Inaugural brutalist projects include Unité d'habitation and the city of Chandigarh, India, both of which owe to influential architect Charles-Édouard “Le Corbusier” Jeanneret
- Le Corbusier’s cousin, Pierre Jeanneret, designed hundreds of chairs, tables, cabinets and lamps for Chandigarh
- Informed by the Bauhaus, constructivism, modernism and the International Style; part of mid-century modernism
- Contrasted starkly with Beaux Arts style
CHARACTERISTICS OF BRUTALIST FURNITURE DESIGN
- Use of industrial materials — tubular steel, concrete, glass, granite
- Prioritizes functionalism, minimalism and utilization of negative space
- Spare silhouettes, pronounced geometric shapes
- Stripped-down, natural look; rugged textures, modular construction
- Interiors featuring airy visual flow and reliance on neutral palettes
BRUTALIST FURNITURE DESIGNERS TO KNOW
VINTAGE BRUTALIST FURNITURE ON 1STDIBS
The term brutalism — which derives from the French word brut, meaning “raw” — was coined by architecture critic Reyner Banham to describe an architectural style that emerged in the 1950s featuring monumental buildings, usually made of unornamented concrete, whose design was meant to project an air of strength and solidity.
Le Corbusier essentially created the brutalist style; its best-known iterations in the United States are the Whitney Museum of American Art, which was designed by Marcel Breuer, and Paul Rudolph's Yale Art and Architecture Building. The severe style might have been the most criticized architectural movement of the 20th century, even if it was an honest attempt to celebrate the beauty of raw material. But while the brutalist government buildings in Washington, D.C., seemingly bask in their un-beauty, brutalist interior design and decor is much more lyrical, at times taking on a whimsical, romantic quality that its exterior counterparts lack.
Paul Evans is Exhibit A for brutalist furniture design. His Sculpture Front cabinets laced with high-relief patinated steel mounts have become collector's items nonpareil, while the chairs, coffee table and dining table in his later Cityscape series and Sculpted Bronze series for Directional Furniture are perhaps the most expressive, attention-grabbing pieces in American modern design. Other exemplary brutalist designers are Silas Seandel, the idiosyncratic New York furniture designer and sculptor whose works in metal — in particular his tables — have a kind of brawny lyricism, and Curtis Jere, a nom-de-trade for the California team of Curtis Freiler and Jerry Fels, the bold makers of expressive scorched and sheared copper and brass mirror frames and wall-mounted sculptures.
Brutalist furniture and sculptures remain popular with interior designers and can lend unique, eccentric, human notes to an art and design collection in any home.
Find authentic vintage brutalist chairs, coffee tables, decorative objects and other furniture on 1stDibs.
to
12
86
61
126
34
4
Height
to
Width
to
2,948
2,186
1,514
1,322
973
825
813
791
505
492
473
317
290
247
144
138
124
101
2
4
120
38
1
43
67
1
5
21
56
1
2
121
41
30
24
24
95
37
35
17
13
164
139
156
7
4
4
4
4
Style: Brutalist
Banik, Solid Wood Bathroom Sink/Basin, Original Contemporary Design, Logniture
By Logniture
Located in Stara Gradiška, HR
Unique handmade wooden sink carved by artist from single piece of walnut wood with basic carving tools, easy maintaining. Great for any interior, whether it be modern or rustic, it w...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Croatian Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Wood, Walnut
Wall fountain created from reclaimed old stone elements
Located in SAN VICENTE DE ALCÁNTARA, ES
This wonderful and inspiring fountain thanks to its basin facade with a natural rocky appearance as well as its wall pediment make it a very original piece
The interior of the basi...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Spanish Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Limestone
Two Pair of Brutalist Bronze Push & Pull Door Handles with Abstract Relief
Located in London, GB
Double pair of rectangular bronze door handles with abstract Brutalist relief and irregular textures, European 1970s. Their relief with original patina is expressive and will give re...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Robert Sonneman "Cityscape" Brutalist Chandelier
Located in New York, NY
Modernist sheet steel and brass fixture, by Robert Sonneman. Large and impressive.
Category
1970s American Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Willy Guhl Style Concrete Tulip Chairs, 1970s USA
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Unique set of concrete aggregate chairs with a Tulip style base. Very unusual chairs with light patina and nice coloring. Good condition. Extremely heavy and well made. Priced as a pair of 2 chairs...
Category
1970s American Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Concrete
Bronze and Glass Square Push Pull Door Handle
Located in London, GB
Solid cast bronze and glass relief are in perfect condition. The bronze has a strong patina due to the textured surface and its age. The circle of clear glass has insertions of small pieces of metal.
The handle can be applied inside or outside on a single door. It can also be used cupboard...
Category
1960s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Willy Guhl Eternit Planters, Switzerland, 1960s
By Willy Guhl, Eternit
Located in Antwerp, BE
Brutalist and minimalist planters, Willy Guhl, Switzerland, 1960s
3 similar size rectangular planters are available
+ 1 larger (see other listings)
Willy Guhl was a pioneering Swis...
Category
1960s Swiss Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Concrete
Pair of Door Pulls/Handles in Bronze, Italy 1970s
By Paul Evans
Located in London, GB
A pair of highly decorative Italian door pulls / handle’s in bronze, 1970.
Category
1970s Italian Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Brutalist Pair of Bronze Square Push Pull Door Handles with Flower Relief
Located in London, GB
Pair of push and pull bronze door handles with organic expressionist flower relief for double doors or a single door on both sides. They are works of art for your doors.
These door h...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Contemporary Brutalist Style Massive Bench in Solid Oak and Linseed Oil
By Denis Milovanov, Sóha
Located in Paris, IDF
Massive bench made of solid oak (+ linseed oil)
(Outdoor use OK)
Measures: 300 x 70 x 35 cm
SÓHA design studio conceives and produces furniture design a...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Russian Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Oak
Brutalist Bronze Door Furniture Set with Tree Bark Pattern
Located in London, GB
A large and impressive Brutalist bronze door handle with tree bark design, together with matching keyhole plate and letterbox cover. European, se...
Category
20th Century European Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Brutalist Square Abstract Bronze Push Pull Door Handle Pair
Located in London, GB
Set of two artistic Brutalist bronze door handles with abstract textured design European 1970's. Their relief with original dark patina will give real personality to a house.
These i...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Solid brass cabinet handle : Organic Form 12 cm
Located in Marrakech, MA
This cabinet handle in solid brass belongs to the Empreintes collection. Its irregular outline is inspired by natural forms, like a branch, without predefined symmetry. The piece fea...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Moroccan Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Brass
Ilana Goor Style Iron Brutalist Table Base
By Ilana Goor
Located in North Hollywood, CA
Impressive large Ilana Goor style Iron coffee table base with her typical rebar type construction.
Stunning Ilana Goor iron coffee table base with amazing sculptural Industrial Bruta...
Category
1980s American Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Iron
1970s Brutalist Solid Bronze Cast Door Handle Germany
By Paul Evans
Located in Chula Vista, CA
Bronze Brutalist Door Handle Germany
stamped by maker
Door handle 5.75 h x 5.75 w x 2.25 h
Fitting Keyhole Cover 2.25 x 2.25 x .5 d
Original preow...
Category
Late 20th Century German Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Contemporary Iron Garden Armillary Sundial
Located in Elkhart, IN
A stunning contemporary iron garden armillary sundial
USA, Late 20th Century
Measures: 19"W x 10"D x 15"H
Very good vintage condition.
Category
Late 20th Century American Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Iron
Solid brass cabinet pulls ø 20 cm : A refined texture for doors and furniture
Located in Marrakech, MA
Part of the Earth Prints collection, this pair of solid brass cabinet pulls highlights the richness of natural textures. Cast in brass foundry and meticulously handcrafted by skilled...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Moroccan Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Brass
Monumental Concrete Sculptural Chairs, 1970s, France
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Absolutely stunning concrete chairs with a forked base. Extremely rare and made of a tan aggregate ranging between coarse and fine. The unique sculptural design of these chairs allow...
Category
1970s French Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Concrete, Steel
Paco Valle Brutalist Metal Wire Sculpture Man And Woman Paul Evans Style
By Paul Evans
Located in Wayne, NJ
Very Detailed Paco Valle Brutalist Metal Wirework Wire Work Sculpture Of A Man And Woman Lovers . Would go wonderful with both Paul Evans , Cutis C. Jere an...
Category
1960s Spanish Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Metal
Pair of Brutalist Bright Bronze Push and Pull Door Handles for Double Doors
Located in London, GB
A set of two artistic Brutalist bronze door handles with abstract textured design. They have a bright patina protected with a coating against wear. European 1970s with the original A...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Architectural Pair of Bronze Square Push Pull Door Handles with Letterbox
Located in London, GB
Square pair of push and pull bronze door handles with rounded edges and matching letterbox have an expressionist relief of poppy flowers. They are designed for double doors or a sing...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
"Ruvido" Freestanding Sink Made of Marble Customizable
Located in Beverly Hills, CA
This carved washbasin in Nero Marquinia marble, treated with Acid Shield for enhanced durability and protection, embodies the bold, raw beauty of Brutalist design, a style that emerg...
Category
2010s Italian Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Limestone, Marble
Pair of "Loop Chair" Armchairs Willy Guhl Swiss Vintage Design, G212
By Willy Guhl
Located in Ternay, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Pair of garden armchairs model "Loop chair" by the Swiss designer Willy Guhl from the 60's edited by Eternit. Fiber cement ribbon forming a low...
Category
1960s Swiss Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Cement
Pair of Bronze Round Push Pull Door Handles Architectural with Geometric Relief
Located in London, GB
A set round push and pull door handles with strong vertical geometric relief are like door sculptures with original patinas, produced in the 1970's.
The identical handles to be appli...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Custom Architect Executed Brutalist Welded Steel Chandelier
By Bruelher
Located in New York, NY
Brutalist school chandelier, signed and dated, by the maker, architect "Bruelher 1976" Impressive presence, scale and quality.
Unique item, not "produced" or ma...
Category
1970s American Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Steel
Mammouth Brutalist Wall Garden Sculpture
By Curtis Jeré
Located in New York, NY
Phenomenal Brutalist sculpture in the form of a wind blown tree. The sculpture has a wrought iron tree trunk and branches with copper leaves, it is designed to be installed on a wall...
Category
Mid-20th Century American Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Copper, Wrought Iron
Brutalist Ensemble of Hard Limestone Blocks For Wabi-Sabi Fireplace
Located in Beervelde, BE
Rare brutalist ensemble of hard limestone blocks for a bespoke wabi fireplace wall. The blocks can be cut to measure. It is rare to find raw blocks in t...
Category
17th Century French Antique Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Limestone
Brutalist cast iron fireback - France 1970.
Located in SOTTEVILLE-LÈS-ROUEN, FR
Beautifully detailed and large 70s cast iron fireback.
This fireback shows very well detailed architectural.
French craftsmanship.
Dimensions:
Around 50 x 60 cm.
Two available.
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Ironstone
Pair of Wrought Iron Dachshund Andirons - 20th century
Located in Linkebeek, BE
Pair of Wrought Iron Dachshund Andirons
Brutalist - Vintage - Open Fire
Measures : 18cmx46,5 H:20cm
Material : Iron
Wear Consistent with age and use
Category
20th Century Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Iron
James de Wulf Concrete Fibonacci Locking Coffee Table
Located in Paia, HI
Finding symmetry in organic landscapes is always a bit of wonder. The James de Wulf Concrete Fibonacci locking coffee table is the perfect center piece for the garden. Constructed of...
Category
2010s American Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Concrete
Mid-Century Modern Brutalist C Jere Tree Sculpture Signed
By Curtis Jeré
Located in Haddonfield, NJ
A great Mid-Century Modern Curtis Jere brass, copper and metal life-size tree sculpture. Rare form Brutalist design. Large leaves and verdigris green metal base. Signed C Jere on leaf.
Category
Mid-20th Century American Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Metal, Brass, Copper
Large Brutalist Lava Glazed Bowl 1960s
Located in Tilburg, NL
Large brutalist bowl / planter with rough lava glaze, mid 20th century.
This is a wonderful large round bowl in a very distinct brutalist style with a rough and heavy lava glaze on the outside. Great as a garden or patio piece, but also very usable inside. Just imagine this on a large wooden dining table...
Category
Mid-20th Century European Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Ceramic
Two Pair of French Brutalist Cast Bronze Door Pulls
Located in Hanover, MA
Two pair of heavy cast bronze and nickel plated architectural door pulls shaped like the gores of a terrestrial globe.
Price listed is per pair.
Category
1950s French Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze, Nickel
Full Width Aluminium Push-Pull Door Handle in Brutalist Style
Located in London, GB
A large aluminium door handle in brutalist style, dating from the 1970s. Found in Germany.
The handle comprises a panel to fit across the full width of the door, with a large raised...
Category
20th Century Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Aluminum
Brutalist Bronze Door Handles and Letterbox with Dynamic Relief
Located in London, GB
Brutalist pair of bronze door handles and letterbox with strong dynamic relief explodes in all directions. These rare pieces are made in the 1960-70's of cast bronze are in perfect c...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Mid Century Modern Brutalist Artisan Hammered Brass Door Knocker One of a Kind
By Tom Greene
Located in St.Petersburg, FL
Mid Century Modern Brutalist Artisan Hammered Brass Door Knocker One of a Kind
Fantastic Artisan Hand Made, Hammered Brass Modernist, One-of-a-Kind, Focal Door Knocker.
At 5" Lon...
Category
Mid-20th Century American Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Brass
Paul Evans Style Brutalist Bronze Door Pull
Located in Van Nuys, CA
Paul Evans-style solid bronze door pull with a distinct Brutalist pattern across the front.
One doorknob per listing, please order 2 pulls if you wou...
Category
1970s American Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Ceramic Square Art Tiles with Multi Color Bright Glazes 1960s
Located in London, GB
Art tiles, set of four, each unique in glaze in dramatic colors and explosive patterns. The translucent glazes are applied thick so that they create a crackling effect. These glazes ...
Category
1970s German Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Ceramic
Square Bronze Push Pull Door Handles pair with Subtle Relief
Located in London, GB
Brutalist pair of square bronze push & pull door handles with subtle relief are made in the 1960-70's. These pieces are made of cast bronze and are in perfect condition. The bronze i...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Vintage Paolo Soleri Arconsanti Multi-Color Bronze Bell / Wind Chime
By Paolo Soleri
Located in Buffalo, NY
Wind chime/bell designed by architect, Paolo Soleri for Arconsanti (the city he designed and built in Arizona in 1970). Bronze cast elements with verdigris patina and multi-color pig...
Category
1970s American Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Ceramic door handle
Located in Nivelles, BE
Original red ceramic door handle from the 70s in a brutalist style.
Category
Late 20th Century European Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Aluminum
Large kitchen sink in oxidized black schist
Located in SAN VICENTE DE ALCÁNTARA, ES
This stunning sink was made from a massive and solid block of natural oxidized schist. the nice design of the basin and drainer is inspired by an ancient model. its beautiful wall pl...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Spanish Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Schist
Etched Copper Planter Style of LaVerne
Located in North Hollywood, CA
Etched copper planter or basket in the style of Philip and Kelvin LaVerne.
Category
1960s Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Copper
Round Push Pull Door Knobs in Acrylic and Brass for Architectural Projects
Located in London, GB
Double pair of clear perspex and brass round door knobs, European 1970's.
These identical door handles can be applied inside or outside on a pair of ...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Brass
Water Fountains, Italy, 1970s
Located in Greding, DE
Pair of gargoyles in fanciful design and decorative patina. Dimensions owl: 235 x 75 x 80 cm, flute player: 196.5 x 80 x 73 cm.
Category
1970s Italian Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Other
Pedestal, Brutalist in the Manner of Charles Dudouyt
Located in Kaštel Sućurac, Splitsko-dalmatinska županija
Solid oak pedestals dating from the 1940s, the oak features a magnificent wood grain and Patina.
Inspired by the work of Charles Dudouyt.
Category
1940s Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Oak
Modern Abstract Welded Cut Steel Garden Sculpture, Brutalist Design
Located in Buffalo, NY
Modern abstract welded steel garden sculpture, Brutalist Design, very well executed, wonderful original patina, handmade steel sculpture,, Been living in a garden of prominent Buffal...
Category
1950s American Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Cut Steel
Solid brass cabinet knob : Compact format 2.5 x 2.5 cm
Located in Marrakech, MA
This cabinet knob in solid brass is part of the Libre Expression collection. Its irregular shape, resembling a loosely defined square, features softened angles and asymmetrical lines...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Moroccan Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Brass
Large Lateral Brutalist Push & Pull Copper Door Handle, 1960s
Located in Regensburg, DE
Large lateral mid century copper push & pull door handle with strong brutalist relief which creates a stunning detail to any door.
There is a key hole for the installation of a lock cylinder.
Originally mounted on a front door sometimes in the 1960s as an decorative oversized door handle...
Category
Mid-20th Century European Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Copper
Willy Guhl Style Concrete Tulip Chair, for Cristina
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Unique concrete aggregate chairs with a Tulip style base. Very unusual chairs with light patina and nice coloring. Good condition. Extremely heavy and well made. Priced as one chair ...
Category
1970s American Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Concrete
Architectural Pairs of Bronze Push and Pull Door Handles with Art Relief
Located in London, GB
Two sculptural pairs of Brutalist square push and pull bronze door handles with intense abstract relief and original patina are for double doors or on a single door on both sides.
Th...
Category
1970s European Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Bronze
Brutalist Welded Steel & Stone Abstract Sculpture by Sue Taves, Indoor/Outdoor
By Sue Taves
Located in Buffalo, NY
Stunning brutalist welded steel & stone abstract sculpture by Sue Taves . great indoor or outdoor,,garden.. Powerful composition,, signed and dated,, Modernist abstract,,
Category
1990s American Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Stone, Cut Steel
Brutalist Door Panel or Wall Decoration
By Paul Evans
Located in North Hollywood, CA
Cast aluminum brutalist wall decoration or door panel.
Can be attached to your existing door or just hang on the wall. Similar item was featured on Architectural Digest magazine.
Category
1970s Belgian Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Aluminum
Brutalist-Style Hammered and Painted Iron Fire Tools with Wall-mounted Holder
Located in Brooklyn, NY
Circa 1970s / 1980s fire tool set including poker, log holder, brush, and shovel with wall-mounted holder. Nice texture with hammered detail to the forged iron with gilt finish. Pain...
Category
1970s American Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Iron
Large Ceramic Art Tiles with Multi Color Bright Glazes 1960s
Located in London, GB
Art tiles, set of four, each unique in glaze in dramatic colors and explosive patterns. The translucent glazes are applied thick so that they create a crackling effect. These glazes ...
Category
1970s German Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Ceramic
Brutalist Inspired Pair of Mixed Stone Planters, 20th Century
Located in South Salem, NY
This striking pair of large planters draws inspiration from the bold aesthetics of Brutalist design. Crafted with a fusion of mixed stone and concrete, these planters showcase a rugg...
Category
Late 20th Century European Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Concrete
1960s Brutalist Style Mantel in Carrara Marble in Style of De Coene Frères
Located in Dallas, TX
This is a very special piece in style of De Coene Frères, Belgium, 1960s. Shows absolutely stunning graphical patterns on its doors. Squares, crosses, triangles and diamonds are comb...
Category
1960s Belgian Vintage Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Carrara Marble
Cast brass door pull ø 30 cm Earth Prints collection
Located in Marrakech, MA
Designed for doors, this brass foundry door pull emphasizes the richness of hand-worked textures. Its 30 cm diameter gives it an imposing presence, ideal for sublimating large-format...
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Moroccan Brutalist Building and Garden Elements
Materials
Brass
Brutalist building and garden elements for sale on 1stDibs.
Find a broad range of unique Brutalist building and garden elements for sale on 1stDibs. Many of these items were first offered in the 21st Century and Contemporary, but contemporary artisans have continued to produce works inspired by this style. If you’re looking to add vintage building and garden elements created in this style to your space, the works available on 1stDibs include building and garden elements, decorative objects, seating and other home furnishings, frequently crafted with metal, bronze and other materials. If you’re shopping for used Brutalist building and garden elements made in a specific country, there are Europe, North America, and United States pieces for sale on 1stDibs. While there are many designers and brands associated with original building and garden elements, popular names associated with this style include Willy Guhl, James de Wulf, David Marshall, and Denis Milovanov. It’s true that these talented designers have at times inspired knockoffs, but our experienced specialists have partnered with only top vetted sellers to offer authentic pieces that come with a buyer protection guarantee. Prices for building and garden elements differ depending upon multiple factors, including designer, materials, construction methods, condition and provenance. On 1stDibs, the price for these items starts at $74 and tops out at $75,000 while the average work can sell for $1,950.