18th Century Art
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Period: 18th Century
A Portrait of a Gentleman, thought to be Moses Diego Lopez Pereira
Located in London, GB
Austrian School, 18th Century
A Portrait of a Gentleman, thought to be Moses Diego Lopez Pereira, 1st Baron d’Aguilar, in an elaborate coat and a powdered wig
Oil on canvas
Provena...
Category
18th Century Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
ANTIQUE FRENCH GILT BRONZE FIGURE OF MARS
Located in Milan, IT
BRONZE FIGURE OF MARS, 18th Century
gilt bronze on marble base
35.6 x 8.9 x 7.6 cm
14 x 3 1/2 x 3 in
Category
18th Century Art
Materials
Marble, Bronze
18th Century Antique Frame Antique Gilt Barbizon Frame
Located in Jacksonville, FL
18th Century Antique Frame Antique Gilt Barbizon Frame
Frame Size: Width: 31″ X Height: 43″
Thickness: 6.50″
Picture Size: Width: 18″ X Height: 30″
Bin Code 540
Category
18th Century Art
Materials
Wood
Large Antique Italian Baroque 18th Century Still Life Fruit Oil Canvas Painting
Located in Portland, OR
An exceptional & large antique Italian baroque still life oil on canvas painting, attributed to Carlo Magini (1720-1804), a still life scene of a table setting with bowls of fruit, c...
Category
Italian School 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil, Canvas
An English setter reclining in a landscape
By Sawrey Gilpin
Located in Stoke, Hampshire
Sawrey Gilpin (1733-1807)
An English setter reclining in a landscape
Signed 'S: Gilpin' lower right
Oil on canvas
Painting Size - 40 x 46 in
Framed Size - 45 x 51 in
Provenance
Sale, Sotheby's London, 20th November 1985, Lot 104;
with Lane Fine Art, London;
The Collection of Charlie Watts of The Rolling Stones.
Sawrey Gilpin came from an old Cumberland family and pursued a career as a sporting painter—a path he was encouraged to follow as a young man by the Duke of Cumberland, best known for his role in suppressing the Jacobite rising of 1745. Though based primarily in London, Gilpin maintained strong ties to the North throughout his life. He attracted the patronage of many northern sportsmen, including the passionate hunting enthusiast Colonel Thornton of Thornville Royal, for whom he painted numerous works.
While Gilpin has often been overshadowed by his incomparable contemporary George Stubbs, he nevertheless stands out as a leading painter of horses and animals in his own right. His work is marked by consistent technical competence and, at times, genuine inspiration. He forms a crucial link between the early English sporting school—artists such as John Wootton and Peter Tillemans—and the later generation exemplified by John Ferneley and John Frederick Herring.
In addition to his celebrated equine subjects, Gilpin was also admired for his depictions of dogs, which often display a remarkable sensitivity to character and breed. His dog portraits, whether as individual studies or as part of larger sporting scenes, reveal a keen observational eye and a particular fondness for hounds and sporting dogs. These works contributed significantly to his popularity among hunting patrons and collectors.
In 1773, Gilpin was elected President of the Society of Artists, and he became a Royal Academician in 1797. Sociable and well-liked, he was a popular figure among fellow Academicians and often collaborated with them, adding animals—particularly horses and dogs—to works by painters like George Barret, William Walton, George Romney, Johann Zoffany, Philip Reinagle, and even the young J.M.W. Turner.
He also taught the prolific animal painter Thomas...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Huge 18th Century Classical Italianate Arcadian Landscape Figures & Buildings
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Figures in an Arcadian Landscape
Italian School, 18th century
follower of Claude Lorrain (French 1600-1682)
oil painting on canvas: 28 x 36 inches
framed: 39.5 by 47 inches
presented...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Marble head of Roman Empress Domitia Longina
Located in Brooklyn, NY
Marble head of Roman empress Domitia Longina, wife of emperor Domitian. The elaborate hairstyle, a distinctive feature of Domitia's depictions, is worked in great detail, and the ser...
Category
18th Century Art
Materials
Marble
A saddled officer's Arabian horse with a hound and gun, in a landscape
Located in Stoke, Hampshire
Johann Georg de Hamilton (1672-1737)
A saddled officer's Arabian horse with a hound and gun, in a landscape
Oil on canvas
Canvas size - 21 x 23 in
Framed size - 27 x 29 in
Provenanc...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
18th century French Old Master Portrait of a woman in oriental costume
Located in Aartselaar, BE
French 18th century old master portrait of a majestic lady dressed "à la Turque"
The sitter at the viewer with a kind and enigmatic smile and twinkling eyes. She looks elegant and kind, yet also has an intelligent and determined aura, reflecting the character of someone who is in charge of her own life and destiny.
De Silvestre paid great attention to her spectacular outfit, which is striking in its portrayal of the sumptuous fabrics and their decorative richness. She is wearing a luxurious royal blue robe à la...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
An Officer with a tethered Charger, a troop of infantry beyond
Located in Stoke, Hampshire
John Nost Sartorius (London 1759-1828)
An Officer with a tethered Charger, a troop of infantry beyond
Signed and dated 'JN Sartorius pins f 1805' lower right
Oil on canvas
Canvas Siz...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Leda Swan Mythological Paint oil on canvas French Painter 18th Century
Located in Riva del Garda, IT
French painter of the late 18th-early 19th century
Leda and the Swan (Literary source: Metamorphoses by Ovid, Book VI)
Oil on canvas 95 x 126 cm Framed 109 x 142 cm
This c...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
For Restoration 18th Century Oil - Portrait of A Gentleman
Located in Corsham, GB
This oil portrait depicts a figure from the 18th century, characterised by a powdered wig and formal attire against a dark background. The composition focuses tightly on the subject'...
Category
18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
An Arabian stallion in a wooded landscape
Located in Stoke, Hampshire
Jacques-Laurent Agasse (1767-1849)
An Arabian stallion in a wooded landscape
Oil on canvas
Canvas Size 12 x 14 in
Framed Size 21 x 22 in
Provenance
Believed to have passed by descen...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Antique Italian sculptor - 18/19th century terracotta sculpture - Memento Mori
Located in Varmo, IT
Terracotta sculpture - Memento mori. Italy, 18th-19th century.
16 x 25 x h 18 cm.
Entirely in terracotta.
- This item is sold with a certificate of authenticity with legal validi...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Terracotta
Large French 18th Century Oil on Canvas Pastoral Scene, 'Verdure' Aubusson Style
Located in Cotignac, FR
Monumental French 18th Century oil on canvas 'Verdure' pastoral scene in the manner of the tapestries of Royal Aubusson and the style of Isaac Moillon.
Provenance: Southern French ...
Category
Rococo 18th Century Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Lingbi - One Hole Scholar's Rock, China, Late Qing Dynasty
Located in Palm Desert, CA
"Lingbi - One Hole Scholar's Rock"' is a sculpture, stone on wood base from the Late Qing Dynasty, China.
Category
Tribal 18th Century Art
Materials
Stone
Painting with Storm Scene second half of the 1700s
Located in Milan, IT
Oil on Canvas. French school of the 2nd half of the 18th century.
Probably the work of a follower of Claude Joseph Vernet (1714 -1789), a French painter who specialized in seascapes ...
Category
Other Art Style 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Adriaen van Ostade (follower of) - A Woman Dancing to the Music from a Violin
Located in Stockholm, SE
Adriaen van Ostade (follower of)
A Women Dancing to the Music from a Violin
oil on oak panel
panel size 10.23 x 15.35 inches (26 x 39 cm)
frame 15.74 x 21.25 inches (40 x 54 cm)
f...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Panel, Oil
Carte Pour Servir a l'Histoire Philosophique.. - Etching by Rigobert Bonne- 1780
Located in Roma, IT
Etching on paper.
From Guillaume-Thomas Raynal, Histoire philosophique et politique des établissemens et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes, Geneva 1780.
This interestin...
Category
Modern 18th Century Art
Materials
Etching
Neoclassical composition of a sculptor kneeling before his statue of the Madonna
Located in Middletown, NY
An allegory of loyalty, with the subject's dog pictured seated, holding his master's chisel in his mouth; fidelity personified.
Italian School, 18th century
Ink wash in gray and bl...
Category
Italian School 18th Century Art
Materials
Laid Paper, Ink, Watercolor
'Dei Praestitis Signumexaere' — 18th Century Classical Italian Realism
Located in Myrtle Beach, SC
Giovanni Domenico Campiglia, 'Dei Praestitis Signumexaere' (God's Providence Signumexaere), engraving, 1734, edition unknown. Signed 'Dom. Campiglia del.' in the plate, lower left. E...
Category
Realist 18th Century Art
Materials
Engraving
18th-Century Old Master Painting Harbor Scene with Tall Ships & Fortifications
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Fortified Harbour
French School, circa 1700's
oil on canvas, framed in antique carved gilt wood frame
Framed: 21.5 x 28.5 inches
Canvas : 15 x 22 inches
Provenance: private colle...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
18th Century Italian Oil Madonna & Child with St. John the Baptist after Raphael
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist
Italian artist, 18th century, after the earlier painting by Raphael
oil on wood panel, framed in an Empire, gilt moulded frame
Framed: 23 ...
Category
Renaissance 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
18th Century Huge Floral Still Life Oil Painting Depicting Bouquet Ornate Urn
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Bouquet of Flowers
French School, early 1700's period
oil painting on canvas, framed in antique gilt frame
framed: 37 x 54.4 inches
canvas: 30 x 47 inches
Provenance: private collect...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil, Canvas
18th Century French School Portrait of an Actress with Flowers
Located in Beachwood, OH
18th Century French School
Portrait of an Actress
Oil on canvas
30 x 23 inches
36 x 30 inches, framed
Category
French School 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Huge 18th Century Flemish Classical Oil Painting Travellers River Landscape
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Travellers in Landscape
Flemish Old Master, 18th century
oil on on canvas, unframed
canvas : 29 x 39 inches
Provenance: private collection, France
Condition: very good condition
For...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Rare on the Art Market, A Drawing by Moitte, A Fashionable Couple, 1766
Located in Stockholm, SE
Pierre Etienne Moitte studied in Paris under Jacques-Firmin Beauvarlet and Pierre-François Beaumont (1719–1769). In 1771, he was accepted (agréé) by the Académie Royale de Peinture e...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Paper, Pencil
18th Century French Rococo Old Master Ink Drawing Nativity Scene
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Birth
French Rococo School, mid 18th century
sepia ink on paper over board, framed behind glass.
framed: 13 x 11 inches
painting : 8 x 6 inches
Provenance: private collection, B...
Category
Rococo 18th Century Art
Materials
Watercolor, Ink
18th Century French Oil Artist Painting Nude Model Classical Garden Scene
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Artist and his Model
French School, 18th century
oil on canvas, framed
Framed: 14 x 17 inches
Board: 11 x 14 inches
Provenance: private collection, France
Condition: very good co...
Category
Rococo 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Unknown Dutch Italianizing Painter Large Pastoral Scene in a Landscape, 18th
Located in Roma, IT
The painting, large in size and with a notable decorative impact, comes from an important private collection, divided between Rome and Paris, and depicts a rural episode set in a lat...
Category
Flemish School 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Carataco painting in front of Emperor Claudius 18th century
Located in Milan, IT
Oil on Canvas. Northern European school of the 18th century.
Carataco was a Celtic king of the Briton tribe Catuvellauni and leader of the anti-Roman resistance and famous as a freed...
Category
Other Art Style 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Theatre Scene, Opera, Old Master Drawing, Griselidis, Mallet, French Art
Located in Greven, DE
Unknown Artist, French School 18th Century, Circle of Mallet? Scene taken from the Decamerone.
Old Master Drawing
Category
Romantic 18th Century Art
Materials
Paper, Cardboard
An equestrian portrait of Field Marshal Sir John Ligonier, 1st Earl of Ligonier
By David Morier
Located in Stoke, Hampshire
David Morier (c.1705–1770 London)
An equestrian portrait of Field Marshal Sir John Ligonier, 1st Earl of Ligonier (1680–1770)
Oil on canvas
Canvas size - 40 x 50 in
Framed size - 48 ...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Rajput School, 17th century Krishna with his beloved, Radha; from Mahabharata
Located in Middletown, NY
Vishnu in the form of Krishna being serenaded with his beloved Radha. An illuminated page from the epic of Mahabharata
circa 1690. Gouache and ink with gold heightening on cream lai...
Category
Rajput 18th Century Art
Materials
Gold
Colliers lying in the Thames at Deptford and unloading their cargoes for London
By Peter Monamy
Located in Stoke, Hampshire
Peter Monamy (London 1681-1749)
Colliers lying in the Thames at Deptford and unloading their cargoes for the London market
signed 'P: Monamy: Pinx' lower left
Oil on canvas
Canvas Si...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Mughal School, 18th Century Emperor Jahangir with Empress Nur Jahan
Located in Middletown, NY
Emperor Jahangir and Empress Nur Jahan exchanging lotus blossoms; a symbol of beauty, purity, honesty, rebirth, self-regeneration, and enlightenment....
Category
Rajput 18th Century Art
Materials
Gold
18th Century Italian Old Master Tempera on Panel Painting "Jesus Road to Emmaus"
Located in Portland, OR
An important 18th century Italian Old Master tempera on copper panel Baroque painting, "The Road to Emmaus", circa 1700.
The painting represents the early resurrection biblical story...
Category
Baroque 18th Century Art
Materials
Copper
Mughal School, 17th century – Emperor Jahangir reclining in his harem
Located in Middletown, NY
An illuminated page from a book likely in reference to palace life during Emperor Jahangir's reign over the Mughal Empire.
Circa 1690. Gouache and ink with gold heightening on light...
Category
Rajput 18th Century Art
Materials
Gold
Huge Italian Old Master Assumption of the Virgin Oil Painting after Murillo
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Assumption of the Virgin
Italian artist, 18th century
based on the earlier composition by Murillo
oil on canvas, framed
framed: 38 x 30.5 inches
canvas: 32 x 24 inches
provenance...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil, Canvas
Rare 18th Century English Still Life of Grapes, Peaches and Strawberries
Located in Harkstead, GB
A rare and most attractive still life by William Jones of Bath. The sumptuous textures of the peaches, grapes and strawberries contrasting with the dark background. A really handsome...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Very Large 1700's Dutch Old Master Oil Painting The Nativity Scene
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Nativity
Dutch Old Master, early 1700's period
oil on canvas, unframed
canvas: 36 x 27.5 inches
provenance: private collection
condition: very good and sound condition, some scuf...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil, Canvas
Fine 18th Century Dutch Old Master Oil Painting Cattle & Sheep Ancient Ruins
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Pastoral Landscape
Dutch Old Master, 18th century
oil on canvas, unframed
canvas: 12 x 10 inches
provenance: private collection, UK
condition: good a...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Plan of the Park, Garden and Plantations of Goodwood, 18th century engraving
Located in Melbourne, Victoria
Plan of the Park, Garden and Plantations of Goodwood in Sussex the Seat of his Grace the Duke of Richmond and Lenox &c
Copper-line engraving with later hand-colouring by Hendrik Hul...
Category
English School 18th Century Art
Materials
Engraving
Fine Italian Old Master Oil Painting c. 1700's The Madonna Christ Child St. John
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Madonna, Christ Child and St. John
Italian Old Master, circa 1700's period
oil painting on canvas, unframed
Canvas: 28.5 x 24 inches
conditon: overall very good for its age, a fe...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Painted Cat on Dutch Delft Tiles 18th Century in Historic Violet on White Glaze
Located in Glenford, NY
A set of six framed rare mid to late18th Century Dutch Delft Tiles with a painting of a serious looking Cat in historic dark violet glaze on white glazed earthenware.
Dutch Delftwa...
Category
Folk Art 18th Century Art
Materials
Earthenware
Antique Circular Oil Painting Flagellation of Christ, 18th Century Old Master
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Flagellation of Christ
Italian, 18th century
oil on canvas, framed
Framed: 15 x 14 inches
Canvas : 12 x 12 inches
Provenance: private collection, UK
Condition: very good conditio...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Pair of 18th century Italian Still Life Paintings of Flowers
Located in Rome, IT
Pair of very decorative Italian Still-life paintings of flowers with vases and classical figures .
18th century, oil on canvas, with original gilt-wood frames.
This pair is an exce...
Category
Baroque 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
18th Oil Painting Horses Feeding at the Stables
Located in London, GB
James Seymour (1702–1752)
Feeding Time in the Stables
Oil on canvas
32 x 38 inches inc. frame
Provenance: Private Collection, Lambourn
James Seymour (1702–1752) was an English painter, widely recognized for his equestrian art.
Seymour was born in London. His father was an amateur artist and art dealer, whose other business dealings (as a banker, goldsmith, and diamond merchant) afforded young Seymour the leisure time to study art on his own, either his father's or the art at the Virtuosi Club of St. Luke - a gentleman's club his father belonged to, specializing in art. In a short time the boy was a self-taught artist, familiar with many of the prominent artists of the period.
Seymour's love of art was matched only by his love of horses. He began spending time at racetracks early on, and before long found himself absorbed in the sport - drawing, painting, owning, breeding, and racing horses. His art proved popular among the prominent sporting families of the day, eventually garnering Seymour patrons in Sir William Jolliffe and Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
"Meeting in the Woods" 19th Century Antique Oil Painting on Canvas
By George Henry
Located in Jacksonville, FL
The painting is signed.
Description:
George Henry Boughton: A Master of Narrative and Natural Beauty
George Henry Boughton, a distinguished Anglo-American artist of the 19th centur...
Category
Academic 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil, Canvas
Rococò Venetian painter - 18th century interior painting - The nurse
Located in Varmo, IT
Venetian painter (18th century) - The wet nurse.
70.5 x 53 cm without frame, 74 x 56 cm with frame.
Oil on canvas, in an antique carved and gilded wooden frame.
- The work is base...
Category
Rococo 18th Century Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
18th century English marine Battle scene between Dutch and British warships
By Francis Swaine
Located in Woodbury, CT
Attributed to Francis Swaine (British, 1725–1782)
Naval Engagement at Sea, 18th century
Oil on panel
In this evocative seascape, a cluster of ships—flags raised, cannons fired—conve...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil, Wood Panel
"Turnip"
By Giacomo Ceruti
Located in Edinburgh, GB
Giacomo Ceruti, known as Il Pitocchetto (1698-1767) – “Turnip”
Medium: Oil on canvas
Dimensions: 204 x 124 cm (unframed)
Provenance: Private collection
This remarkable painting, “T...
Category
Realist 18th Century Art
Materials
Canvas, Oil
Fine 18th Century British Old Master Oil The Young Shepherdess with Lamb
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Young Shepherd
English School, 18th century
circle of Sir Joshua Reynolds
oil on canvas, unframed
Canvas: 30 x 25 inches
Provenance: Private collection
Condition: very good condi...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
The Madonna with Christ Child & St. John Fine 18th Century Italian Old Master
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Madonna, Christ Child and St. John
Italian School, 18th century
oil on wood, framed in period gilt antique frame
framed: 16 x 14.5 inches
wood: 9 x 6.5 inches
provenance: private...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Large 18th Century British Old Master Oil Painting Figures at Dusk in Woodland
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Close of Day
English artist, second half 18th century
circle of Thomas Gainsborough (British 1727-1788)
oil on canvas, unframed
canvas: 24.5 x 29 inches
provenance: private colle...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil, Canvas
French Rococo 18th-Century Portrait of Young Girl with Grapes Oval Oil Painting
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Portrait of a Young Girl
French Rococo School, 18th century
oil on canvas, framed
Framed: 24 x 20 inches
Canvas : 20 x 16 inches
Provenance: private collection, France
Condition: ve...
Category
Rococo 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Fine 1700's French/ Dutch Oil Painting on Copper Portrait Man Ruff Collar
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Portrait of a Gentleman wearing a Ruff Collar
Dutch/ French artist, 18th century
oil painting on copper, unframed
copper board : 6.75 x 5 inches
provenance: private collection, UK
co...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Copper
Huge 18th Century French Rococo Old Master Oil Allegorical Nude Winged Lady
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
The Allegorical Winged Nude Lady, adorned with the attributes of Spring
French School, 18th century (Rococo period)
oil painting on canvas, unframed
canvas: 30 x 52 inches
provenance...
Category
Rococo 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil, Canvas
Cliveden spring, Bucks, Thames, late 18th century English sepia aquatint, 1799
Located in Melbourne, Victoria
'Cliveden Spring, Bucks'
Aquatint published by Samuel Ireland. From his 'Picturesque Views on the River Thames'. Ireland was an author and engraver who published several series of a...
Category
Naturalistic 18th Century Art
Materials
Etching, Engraving, Aquatint
18th Century French Portrait of Mysterious Man Oil on Canvas for restoration
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Portrait of a Gentleman
French School, 18th century
oil on canvas, unframed
canvas : 25 x 20 inches
provenance: private collection, France
condition: the painting is in sound conditi...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Huge 18th Century Italian Old Master Oil Painting Still Life Fruit in Basket
Located in Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Classical Still Life of Fruit in Basket with other objects
Italian artist, 18th century
oil on canvas, unframed
canvas: 24.5 x 33 inches
provenance: private collection, UK
condition:...
Category
Old Masters 18th Century Art
Materials
Oil
Striking 18th Century Portrait of the 12th Earl of Caithness
Located in London, GB
Sir Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
James Sinclair, 12th Earl of Caithness (1766-1823)
Oil on Canvas
30 X 25 inches Unframed
37 X 32 inches framed
Sir Henry Raeburn FRSE RA RSA (4 March 1756 – 8 July 1823) was a Scottish portrait painter and Scotland's first significant portrait painter since the Union to remain based in Scotland. He served as Portrait Painter to King George IV in Scotland.
Raeburn was born the son of a manufacturer in Stockbridge, on the Water of Leith: a former village now within the city of Edinburgh. He had an older brother, born in 1744, called William Raeburn. His ancestors were believed to have been soldiers, and may have taken the name "Raeburn" from a hill farm in Annandale, held by Sir Walter Scott's family. Orphaned, he was supported by William and placed in Heriot's Hospital, where he received an education. At the age of fifteen he was apprenticed to the goldsmith James Gilliland of Edinburgh, and various pieces of jewellery, mourning rings and the like, adorned with minute drawings on ivory by his hand, still exist. Soon he took to the production of carefully finished portrait miniatures; meeting with success and patronage, he extended his practice to oil painting, at which he was self-taught. Gilliland watched the progress of his pupil with interest, and introduced him to David Martin, who had been the favourite assistant of Allan Ramsay the Latter, and was now the leading portrait painter in Edinburgh. Raeburn was especially aided by the loan of portraits to copy. Soon he had gained sufficient skill to make him decide to devote himself exclusively to painting. George Chalmers (1776; Dunfermline Town Hall) is his earliest known portrait.
In his early twenties, Raeburn was asked to paint the portrait of a young lady he had noticed when he was sketching from nature in the fields. Ann was the daughter of Peter Edgar of Bridgelands, and widow of Count James Leslie of Deanhaugh. Fascinated by the handsome and intellectual young artist, she became his wife within a month, bringing him an ample fortune. The acquisition of wealth did not affect his enthusiasm or his industry, but spurred him on to acquire a thorough knowledge of his craft. It was usual for artists to visit Italy, and Raeburn set off with his wife. In London he was kindly received by Sir Joshua Reynolds, the president of the Royal Academy, who advised him on what to study in Rome, especially recommending the works of Michelangelo, and gave Raeburn letters of introduction for Italy. In Rome he met his fellow Scot Gavin Hamilton, Pompeo Girolamo Batoni and Byers, an antique dealer whose advice proved particularly useful, especially the recommendation that "he should never copy an object from memory, but, from the principal figure to the minutest accessory, have it placed before him." After two years of study in Italy he returned to Edinburgh in 1787, and began a successful career as a portrait painter. In that year he executed a seated portrait of the second Lord President Dundas.
Examples of his earlier portraiture include a bust of Mrs Johnstone of Baldovie and a three-quarter-length of Dr James Hutton: works which, if somewhat timid and tentative in handling and not as confident as his later work, nevertheless have delicacy and character. The portraits of John Clerk, Lord Eldin, and of Principal Hill of St Andrews belong to a later period. Raeburn was fortunate in the time in which he practised portraiture. Sir Walter Scott, Hugh Blair, Henry Mackenzie, Lord Woodhouselee, William Robertson, John Home, Robert Fergusson, and Dugald Stewart were resident in Edinburgh, and were all painted by Raeburn. Mature works include his own portrait and that of the Rev. Sir Henry Moncrieff Wellwood, a bust of Dr Wardrop of Torbane Hill, two full-lengths of Adam Rolland of Gask, the remarkable paintings of Lord Newton and Dr Alexander Adam in the National Gallery of Scotland, and that of William Macdonald of St Martin's. Apart from himself, Raeburn painted only two artists, one of whom was Sir Francis Leggatt Chantrey, the most important and famous British sculptor of the first half of the 19th century. It has recently been revealed that Raeburn and Chantrey were close friends and that Raeburn took exceptional care over the execution of his portrait of the sculptor, one of the painter's mature bust-length masterpieces.
It was commonly believed that Raeburn was less successful in painting female portraits, but the exquisite full-length of his wife, the smaller likeness of Mrs R. Scott Moncrieff in the National Gallery of Scotland, and that of Mrs Robert Bell, and others, argue against this. Raeburn spent his life in Edinburgh, rarely visiting London, and then only for brief periods, thus preserving his individuality. Although he, personally, may have lost advantages resulting from closer association with the leaders of English art, and from contact with a wider public, Scottish art gained much from his disinclination to leave his native land. He became the acknowledged chief of the school which was growing up in Scotland during the early 19th century, and his example and influence at a critical period were of major importance. So varied were his other interests that sitters used to say of him, "You would never take him for a painter till he seizes the brush and palette."
In 1812 he was elected president of the Society of Artists in Edinburgh; and in 1814 associate, and in the following year full member, of the Royal Scottish Academy. On 29 August 1822 he was knighted by George IV and appointed His Majesty's limner for Scotland at the Earl of Hopetoun house. He died in Edinburgh.
Raeburn had all the essential qualities of a popular and successful portrait painter. He was able to produce a telling and forcible likeness; his work is distinguished by powerful characterisation, stark realism, dramatic and unusual lighting effects, and swift and broad handling of the most resolute sort. David Wilkie recorded that, while travelling in Spain and studying the works of Diego Velázquez, the brushwork reminded him constantly of the "square touch" of Raeburn. Scottish physician and writer John Brown wrote that Raeburn "never fails in giving a likeness at once vivid, unmistakable and pleasing. He paints the truth, and he paints it with love".
Raeburn has been described as a "famously intuitive"portrait painter. He was unusual amongst many of his contemporaries, such as Reynolds, in the extent of his philosophy of painting directly from life; he made no preliminary sketches. This attitude partly explains the often coarse modelling and clashing colour combinations he employed, in contrast to the more refined style of Thomas Gainsborough and Reynolds. However these qualities and those mentioned above anticipate many of the later developments in painting of the 19th century from romanticism to Impressionism.
Sir Henry Raeburn died in St Bernard's House (17 St Bernards Crescent), Stockbridge, Edinburgh. He is buried in St. Cuthbert's churchyard against the east wall (the monument erected by Raeburn in advance) but also has a secondary memorial in the Church of St John the Evangelist, Edinburgh.
James Sinclair, 12th Earl of Caithness was born at Barrogill Castle (Castle of Mey) on 31 May 1766. He was the son of Sir John Sinclair of Mey, Baronet who he succeeded in the baronetcy in 1774. He succeeded as 12th earl of Caithness in 1789.
He was lord-lieutenant of the county of Caithness and lieutenant-colonel of the Ross-shire militia.
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