Brass Reading Light Floor Lamp
to
25
219
209
329
195
108
100
68
66
48
43
19
16
9
7
3
2
1
1
1
25
16
14
14
13
Sort By
Contemporary Floor Lamp Astar by Oma Light Design, Brass, Acacia, Barcelona
By Oma Light Design
Located in Girona, Girona
This signature contemporary floor lamp Astar defines uniqueness, movement and grace. It is composed
Category
2010s Spanish Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass, Iron
H 64.97 in W 16.93 in D 16.93 in
Floor Lamp, Reading Light in Gilded Brass, 1980-1990, High Quality Craftsmanship
Located in Saint-Ouen, FR
Floor lamp, reading light in gilded brass, 1980-1990, high quality craftsmanship.
Reading lamp
Category
Late 20th Century French Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 49.22 in W 26.38 in D 16.93 in
Contemporary Floor Lamp "La Bienveilleuse" by Oma Light Design, Barcelona
By Oma Light Design
Located in Girona, Girona
patients through her listening.
Reading lamp par excellence with a minimal, elegant and friendly design
Category
2010s Spanish Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass, Steel
H 51.19 in W 9.85 in D 11.82 in
Adjustable Vintage Floor Lamp or Reading Light by Germany 1960s
Located in Munich, DE
Vintage telescopic and rotating floor lamp or reading light. Adjustable in vertically and
Category
Vintage 1960s German Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Vintage Standard Lamp, English, Brass, Adjustable Reading Light, 1940
Located in Hele, Devon, GB
This is a tall vintage standard lamp. An English, heavy brass adjustable reading light, dating to
Category
Mid-20th Century British Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 82.29 in W 18.51 in D 18.51 in
Swiss Lamps Gold Plated Brass Vintage Modernist 1970s Adjustable Floor Lamp
By Swiss Lamps International
Located in Landau an der Isar, Bayern
quality piece. This is a rare light and piece of Swiss design.
Lamp measurements:
Total height from floor
Category
Vintage 1970s Swiss Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Gold Plate, Brass
20th Century Swedish Vintage Reading Brass Floor Lamp by Falkenbergs Belysning
By Falkenbergs Belysning
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A vintage Mid-Century modern Swedish reading floor lamp with a new white round shade, made of hand
Category
Mid-20th Century Swedish Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass
H 64.25 in W 16 in D 16 in
Elegant Mid Century Modern Diabolo Floor Lamp or Reading Light Austria 1950s
Located in Munich, DE
Absolutely rare, elegant and highly decorative Mid-Century Modern floor lamp or reading light
Category
Vintage 1950s Austrian Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Aluminum, Brass
Elegant Adjustable Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamp or Reading Light, 1970s Germany
Located in Munich, DE
Elegant Mid-Century Modern floor lamp or reading light with adjustable height and pivoting arm and
Category
Vintage 1970s German Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 53.15 in W 9.85 in D 15.75 in
Mid Century Modern Adjustable Brass Swing Arm Floor Reading Lamp, Germany 1960s
By Koch & Lowy
Located in Beograd, RS
In this listing you will a stunning Mid Century Modern Adjustable Brass Floor Reading Lamp in style
Category
Vintage 1960s German Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 59.06 in W 27.56 in D 11.82 in
Adjustable Flex Arm Brass Pharmacy Style Floor Reading Lamp c 1970's
By Casella Lighting, Koch & Lowy
Located in New York, NY
.
Perfect reading lamp with adjustments to position the light just where you need it.
H 50 - 41 x Base 10
Category
Mid-20th Century American Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Italian Brass Swing Arm Floor Reading Lamp Rectangle Genuine Taupe Marble Base
Located in Miami, FL
Mid-Century Modern Italian two patina Brass swing arm floor or reading lamp mounted on a beige
Category
Vintage 1970s Italian Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Marble, Metal, Brass
H 46.5 in W 19 in D 6.13 in
Dusk Dawn Reading Floor Lamp by Branch Creative
By Branch, Ghidini 1961
Located in Brooklyn, NY
Dusk dawn reading floor lamp by branch creative. Floor lamp in brass and metalized glass. Dusk Dawn
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Italian Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
De.Light f3 Contemporary Articulating Brass Floor Lamp
By Jonathan Amar
Located in Paris, FR
Introducing the De.Light-f3, a versatile multidirectional floor lamp crafted entirely from brass
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Organic Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
De-Light F1 Double Light Brass Floor Lamp, Flow Collection
By Jonathan Amar
Located in Paris, FR
This bespoke contemporary floor lamp is designed with a reading light positioned mid-length which
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Organic Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Marble, Brass
De-Light F1 Contemporary Double Light Brass Floor Lamp, Flow Collection
By Jonathan Amar
Located in Paris, FR
A floor lamp designed with a reading light positioned mid-length which articulates a conical brass
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Organic Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Pair of French Art Deco Adjustable Swing Arm Floor Lamps, Reading Lamps
Located in Chillerton, Isle of Wight
A Pair of French Art Deco adjustable swing arm floor lamps, reading Lamps
These are beautifully
Category
Mid-20th Century Art Deco Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Contemporary Brass and Leather Floor Lamp with Pleated Shade, De-light f2
By Jonathan Amar
Located in Paris, FR
The De.Light F2 designed by Jonathan Amar is a sculptural floor lamp that merges French design
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Organic Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Sonneman Chrome Brass Eyeball Floor Lamp
By George Kovacs, Robert Sonneman
Located in New York, NY
A chrome and brass eyeball floor reading lamp by designer Robert Sonneman for marker George Kovacs
Category
Late 20th Century American Post-Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass, Chrome
Torche Reading Light In Darkened Steel With Brass Shade and Cylindrical Base
By Atelier de Troupe
Located in Los Angeles, CA
The torch reading light is part of Atelier de Troupe's Torch collection. It features a thin 1/4
Category
2010s American Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass, Steel
Midcentury Reading Lamp in Solid Brass with Counterbalance by Florian Schulz
By Florian Schulz
Located in Halle, DE
A very rare and early floor lamp in solid brass with counterbalance by Florian Schulz .
The
Category
Vintage 1970s German Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 38.19 in W 30.32 in D 11.03 in
20th Century Swedish Svenskt Tenn Vintage Brass Floor Lamp, Light by Josef Frank
By Josef Frank, Svenskt Tenn
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A vintage Mid-Century Modern Swedish reading floor lamp with a new white round shade made of hand
Category
Mid-20th Century Swedish Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass
H 45.5 in W 16 in D 16 in
20th Century Swedish Svenskt Tenn Brass Floor Lamp, Vintage Light by Josef Frank
By Josef Frank, Svenskt Tenn
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
A vintage Mid-Century Modern Swedish reading floor lamp with a new withe round shade made of hand
Category
Mid-20th Century Swedish Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass
H 61.25 in Dm 16.5 in
Floor Lamp Brass Counter Balance 1970s Minimalist
By Sölken Leuchten
Located in London, GB
Minimalist counterbalance floor lamp is super flexible, with an arm adjustable to almost 180
Category
Vintage 1970s German Minimalist Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Herda Brass halogen swing arm Floor lamp 1980s
By Herda
Located in Den Haag, NL
Very nice Brass Floor lamp . Ideal reading light . Adjustable
in height , Because its swing arm
Category
Vintage 1980s Dutch Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Scandinavian Minimalist Brass Floor Lamp by Jonas Hilde
By Jonas Hilde, Høvik Lys
Located in London, GB
Minimalist brass floor lamp designed by Jonas Hilde for Hovik Lys AS, Norway, circa 1980. They
Category
Vintage 1980s Norwegian Scandinavian Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Vintage Brass Floor Lamp, France mid 20th Century
Located in South Salem, NY
Illuminate your space with timeless elegance using this vintage brass floor lamp featuring a
Category
Vintage 1960s French Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Brass & Tan Leather Metalarte Floor Lamps, Spain 1960's
By Metalarte Spain
Located in New York, NY
Brass reading floor lamps by Metalarte Elegantly Wrapped in a light tan leather, fully adjustable
Category
Mid-20th Century French Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Swiss Lamps Gold Plated Brass Vintage Modernist 1970s Adjustable Floor Lamp
By Relco Milano
Located in Landau an der Isar, Bayern
a rare light and piece of Milan made Italian design.
Lamp measurements:
Total height from floor to
Category
Vintage 1970s Italian Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass, Gold Plate
Elegant Italian Satin Brass and Alabaster Floor Lamp "Flamingo"
By Matlight Milano
Located in Milano, IT
highest quality.
The Flamingo floor lamp is a perfect reading lamp, designed to be positioned next to an
Category
2010s Italian Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Alabaster, Brass
The Flexible Reading Lamp by B.B. for Reschio
By B.B. for Reschio
Located in Milan, IT
A solid brass frame conceived for a safe design distinguishes this reading lamp, its flexible stem
Category
2010s Italian Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Coltrane Floor Lamp - Modern Luxury Lighting in Brass & Matte Black
By Delightfull
Located in Manzano, IT
Coltrane Floor Lamp - Modern Luxury Lighting in Brass & Matte Black
Elevate your interior design
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Floor Lamps
Materials
Aluminum, Brass
Mid Century Floor Lamp Brass and Lacquered Metal, Italy, 1950s
By Stilnovo
Located in SAINT-OUEN, FR
Italian modernist adjustable mid century floor lamp or reading light, black lacquered perforated
Category
Vintage 1950s Italian Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Travertine, Metal, Brass
Brass Floor Lamp with Adjustable Shade by Florian Schulz, 1970
By Florian Schulz
Located in Vienna, AT
Elegant floor lamp by Florian Schulz, Germany, 1970.
Dimensions are 12.6" x 13.78" x 56.3" (total
Category
Vintage 1970s German Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Florian Schulz Mid-Century Vintage Modernist Nickel Adjustable Floor Lamp Light
By Florian Schulz
Located in Landau an der Isar, Bayern
Mid-Century Modern vintage German floor lamp designed by Florian Schulz circa 1970s - this
Category
Vintage 1980s German Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass, Nickel
H 51.97 in Dm 9.45 in
Oak & Brass 'Dornstab' Floor Lamp by J.T. Kalmar, Austria
By J.T. Kalmar, Kalmar Lighting
Located in Utrecht, NL
function: positioned low, the lamp provides reading light and when the shade is positioned higher, the lamp
Category
2010s Austrian Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Rupert Nikoll Adjustable Dornstab Mid Century Brass Floor Lamp, Austria, 1950s
By J.T. Kalmar, Rupert Nikoll, Svenskt Tenn, Josef Frank
Located in Vienna, AT
A delicate and elegant Mid-Century floor lamp from the 1950s, designed and executed by Rupert
Category
Mid-20th Century Austrian Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 60 in W 20 in D 15 in
Mid-Century Modernist Articulating Brass Floor Lamp signed Walter Von Nessen
By Walter Von Nessen
Located in New York, NY
Lamp in Polished Brass, signed by Walter Von Nessen and crafted in America circa 1970. This lamp
Category
Vintage 1970s American Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 43 in W 9.5 in D 24 in
Series01 Floor Lamp, Drink Tray, Putty Leather, Polished Unlacquered Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
compact ambient lighting that can be directed any way and works well as a reading light next to chairs and
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Oscar Torlasco Adjustable Floor Lamp Brass Design Italy 1950s Mid-Century
By Oscar Torlasco
Located in Palermo, IT
Adjustable brass floor lamp by Oscar Torlasco for Lumi, with enameled aluminum shade and base and
Category
Mid-20th Century Italian Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Aluminum, Brass
H 70.08 in W 14.18 in D 33.47 in
Adjustable Brass Floor Lamp with Clamshell Hood Shade c 1970’s
By Koch & Lowy
Located in New York, NY
Voguish adjustable brass pharmacy, reading, floor lamp having a clamshell form hood shade. The
Category
Mid-20th Century American Hollywood Regency Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
JWDA Floor Lamp, Travertine / Brushed Brass, by Jonas Wagell for Audo
By Audo, Jonas Wagell Design & Architecture
Located in Dubai, AE
Reworking the dimensions of the JWDA Table Lamp to create a pared-back light with a bold
Category
2010s Danish Scandinavian Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Travertine, Brass
Florian Schulz Mid-Century Vintage Modernist Brass 1970s Dimmable Floor Lamp
By Florian Schulz
Located in Landau an der Isar, Bayern
round brass shade making this the perfect modernist style reading light. This piece lends itself to any
Category
Vintage 1970s German Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass
Pair Brass Holtkoetter Leuchten Hight Adjustable Floor Lamp Mid-Century Modern
By Holtkoetter
Located in Miami, FL
Bauhaus Period and made in circa Beginning of 1980s.
Reading pharmacy lamps swing arm floor lamps next
Category
Late 20th Century German Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass
H 51.5 in W 20 in D 8.75 in
Florian Schulz Vintage Modernist Brushed Brass Adjustable Floor Lamp, circa 1985
By Florian Schulz
Located in Landau an der Isar, Bayern
Mid-Century Modern vintage German made floor lamp in lacquered burnished brushed brass (model
Category
Late 20th Century German Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass
H 51.97 in Dm 9.45 in
Koch & Lowy Floor Lamp Brass Articulating Dimmer Iconic Mid Century Design 1970s
By Koch & Lowy
Located in Peoria, AZ
15" WIDE
Perfect for reading!
This is a gorgeous articulating, brass floor lamp by Koch and Lowy
Category
Mid-20th Century American Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 61 in W 18 in D 18 in
Adjustable Height Brass Floor Lamp Attributed to Koch & Lowy, USA, c. 1970s
By Koch & Lowy
Located in Deland, FL
This sophisticated adjustable floor lamp, attributed to the renowned lighting design firm Koch
Category
Vintage 1970s American Mid-Century Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 48 in W 24 in D 10.5 in
Series01 Floor Lamp, Drink Tray, Ash Gray Leather, Dark Patinated Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
compact ambient lighting that can be directed any way and works well as a reading light next to chairs and
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Black and brass floor lamp model 53701 by Uppsala Armaturfabrik, Sweden 1950s
By Uppsala Armaturfabrik
Located in Hägersten, SE
lacquered metal with brass details and bakelite turn switch. The lamp shade is adjustable from a reading
Category
Vintage 1950s Swedish Scandinavian Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Metal, Brass
H 52.37 in W 17.72 in D 18.51 in
Handmade Nils Floor Lamp in Polished Brass with Travertine by Nolita Harbour
Located in Carvalhosa, PT
eclectic decor, the Nils floor lamp adds a touch of refined elegance while providing ample, soothing light
Category
21st Century and Contemporary Portuguese Organic Modern Floor Lamps
Materials
Travertine, Brass
H 79.1 in W 71.7 in D 19.7 in
Series01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Mustard Yellow Leather, Dark Patinated Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
Solid machined brass in dark patinated brass finish, hand-dyed and waxed leather wrapped wood, soft
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 51 in W 8 in D 13.25 in
Series01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Blush Pink Leather, Dark Patinated Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
Solid machined brass in dark patinated brass finish, hand-dyed and waxed leather wrapped wood, soft
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Series01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Putty Tan Leather, Dark Patinated Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
Solid machined brass in dark patinated brass finish, hand-dyed and waxed leather wrapped wood, soft
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Series01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Lead Gray Leather, Dark Patinated Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
Solid machined brass in dark patinated brass finish, hand-dyed and waxed leather wrapped wood, soft
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Series01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Sable, Brown Leather, Dark Patinated Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
Solid machined brass in dark patinated brass finish, hand-dyed and waxed leather wrapped wood, soft
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Series01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Gochujang, Red Leather, Smoke Patinated Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
Solid machined brass in dark patinated brass finish, hand-dyed and waxed leather wrapped wood, soft
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 51 in W 8 in D 13.25 in
Series01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Sable Brown Leather, Smoke Patinated Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
well as a reading light next to a chair or sofa.
Individually hand assembled and stamped with a unique
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
Series01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Ash Leather, "Smoke" Patinated Brass, Pivoting
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
well as a reading light next to a chair or sofa.
Individually hand assembled and stamped with a unique
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 51 in W 8 in D 13.25 in
Series01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Graphite Gray Leather, Matte Blackened Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
Solid machined brass in Matte Blackened Brass, hand-dyed and waxed leather wrapped wood, soft
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 51 in W 8 in D 13.25 in
SERIES01 Floor Lamp, Hand-Dyed Ash 'Gray' Leather, Polished Unlacquered Brass
By Adam Otlewski
Located in Ozone Park, NY
Solid machined brass in polished unlacquered finish, hand-dyed and waxed leather wrapped wood, soft
Category
2010s American Bauhaus Floor Lamps
Materials
Brass
H 51 in W 8 in D 13.25 in
- 1
Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "Brass Reading Light Floor Lamp", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.
Brass Reading Light Floor Lamp For Sale on 1stDibs
At 1stDibs, there are many versions of the ideal brass reading light floor lamp for your home. Each brass reading light floor lamp for sale was constructed with extraordinary care, often using brass, metal and steel. If you’re shopping for a brass reading light floor lamp, we have 11 options in-stock, while there are 1 modern editions to choose from as well. You’ve searched high and low for the perfect brass reading light floor lamp — we have versions that date back to the 20th Century alongside those produced as recently as the 21st Century are available. Each brass reading light floor lamp bearing Mid-Century Modern hallmarks is very popular. Many designers have produced at least one well-made brass reading light floor lamp over the years, but those crafted by Florian Schulz, Atelier de Troupe and Cedric Hartman are often thought to be among the most beautiful.
How Much is a Brass Reading Light Floor Lamp?
Prices for a brass reading light floor lamp start at $400 and top out at $6,900 with the average selling for $1,911.
Finding the Right Floor-lamps for You
The modern floor lamp is an evolution of torchères — tall floor candelabras that originated in France as a revolutionary development in lighting homes toward the end of the 17th century. Owing to the advent of electricity and the introduction of new materials as a part of lighting design, floor lamps have taken on new forms and configurations over the years.
In the early 1920s, Art Deco lighting artisans worked with dark woods and modern metals, introducing unique designs that still inspire the look of modern floor lamps developed by contemporary firms such as Luxxu.
Popular mid-century floor lamps include everything from the enchanting fixtures by the Italian lighting artisans at Stilnovo to the distinctly functional Grasshopper floor lamp created by Scandinavian design pioneer Greta Magnusson-Grossman to the Paracarro floor lamp by the Venetian master glass workers at Mazzega. Among the more celebrated names in mid-century lighting design are Milanese innovators Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni, who, along with their eldest brother, Livio, worked for their own firm as architects and designers. While Livio departed the practice in 1952, Achille and Pier Giacomo would go on to design the Arco floor lamp, the Toio floor lamp and more for legendary lighting brands such as FLOS.
Today’s upscale interiors frequently integrate the otherworldly custom lighting solutions created by a wealth of contemporary firms and designers such as Spain’s Masquespacio, whose Wink floor lamps integrate gold as well as fabric fringes.
Visual artists and industrial designers have a penchant for floor lamps, possibly because they’re so often a clever marriage of design and the functions of lighting. A good floor lamp can change the mood of any room while adding a touch of elegance to your entire space. Find yours now on 1stDibs.
Read More
This Paavo Tynell Chandelier Is a Radiant Bouquet
The alluring pendant light exemplifies the designer’s winsome mid-career work.
Ettore Sottsass Captures a Shooting Star in This Rare 1970s Floor Lamp
Before founding the Memphis Group, Sottsass bent the rules of lighting design with the wonderfully wavy Cometa.
You Don’t Need a Fictional Fairy to Get This Real Pinocchio Lamp
Warm chalet style meets cool Bauhaus functionality in Pietro Cascella’s cleverly carved creation.
Why Is Italy Such a Hotbed of Cool Design?
Patrizio Chiarparini of Brooklyn’s Duplex gallery sheds light on the lasting legacy of Italy’s postwar furniture boom.
With a High-Tech Flagship and Cool Collabs, Lladró Is Breaking the Mold for Porcelain Production
Thanks to its new leadership, the Spanish maker of figurines, busts and lighting is on a mission to update the art of porcelain for the 21st century.
Christopher Tennant’s Lamps and Dioramas Evoke Sunny Days and Seaside Locales
The former magazine editor blends elements of the Far East and America’s eastern shores, bringing wit and delight to his handmade, upcycled designs.
Paavo Tynell’s Snowflake Chandelier Warms Up Any Room
This circa 1950 piece by the legendary Finnish lighting designer spent the past several decades in a family's home in Michigan.
NASA Parachutes Inspired Lighting Designer Bec Brittain’s New Collection
In "Paraciphers," now on view at Emma Scully Gallery in New York, Brittain introduces works that were more than a decade in the making.