Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
to
14
158
70
146
146
83
40
38
15
10
8
8
5
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
3
3
2
2
Sort By
Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude with Stone Hugo Siegwart H. 36 inch
By Hugo Siegwart
Located in Antwerp, BE
Description Impressive Antique sculpture of a male nude throwing a stone by the Swiss artist Hugo
Category
Early 20th Century Swiss Neoclassical Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 35.44 in W 24.81 in D 14.57 in
28” Orpheus Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude with Lyre by George Mattes 1900
Located in New York, NY
For sale is the great looking large male nude bronze sculpture of Orpheus by German Artist
Category
Mid-19th Century Academic Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
1929 American Male Academic Nude Crouching Bronze Sculpture EXCELLENT DETAILS
Located in New York, NY
detailed cast of a young fully nude model seated, with his head
Resting in his knees.
The color of the
Category
1920s Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Large Grand Tour Bronze Greco-Roman Uffizi Wrestlers Ferdinand Barbedienne
By F. Barbedienne Foundry
Located in Rochester, NY
.
# nude male figure greek roman classical Pompeii italy italian french france sculpture statue museum
Category
Mid-19th Century Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Metal, Bronze
"Putti" 19th c. Terracotta, Antique, Mythical Figures, Patina
Located in Detroit, MI
SALE ONE WEEK ONLY
“Putti” is a 19th c. terracotta antique of two nude children, babies, as
Category
Late 19th Century Baroque Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Terracotta, Wood
Classical Bronze Male Nude Torso Sculpture/Statue
Located in Los Angeles, CA
Solid bronze male nudist statue. Classical Greek style sculpture.
Unsigned.
Would make a wonderful
Category
19th Century Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Large Classical Roman Male Nude Warrior Bronze Sculpture
Located in Sheffield, MA
Near 3/4 lifesize, 19th century, possibly earlier cast bronze sculpture in the style of a Roman
Category
19th Century Unknown Greco Roman Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Male Athlete with Kettlebell", Rare Bronze Sculpture with Male Nude by Seifert
By Franz Seifert
Located in Philadelphia, PA
This highly rare bronze of a nude male athlete preparing to left a heavy kettlebell weight was
Category
1920s Austrian Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 14.5 in W 10 in D 7.5 in
"Shotputter, " Large Bronze Sculpture of Nude Male Athlete, Exquisitely Sculpted
By Louis Marie Jules Delapchier
Located in Philadelphia, PA
The only example we have ever seen, this large (33 inch high) bronze sculpture of a superbly
Category
1910s French Beaux Arts Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 33 in W 16 in D 13 in
"Nude Male with Shovel, " Highly Rare Bronze Sculpture by Oskar Lindenberg
By Oskar Lindenberg
Located in Philadelphia, PA
years, this beautiful nude male bronze captures its subject with his head turned down and to the left
Category
1920s German Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Male Nude w/ Aureole, " Bronze Relief Sculpture, Art Nouveau/Symbolist Influence
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Large and spectacular, this bronze relief sculpture depicts a standing male nude figure on a ground
Category
Early 20th Century Dutch Art Nouveau Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 33.5 in W 24 in D 1 in
"Nude Male with Lyre, " Rare Bronze Sculpture by Cummings, San Francisco Artist
Located in Philadelphia, PA
, and donated another male nude sculpture, "La Soif" or "Thirst", for the park in Marini Plaza. The
Category
1920s American Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 10.25 in W 7.5 in D 5.5 in
"Gladiator with Shield and Helmet, " Rare, Large Bronze Sculpture with Nude Male
By Bruno Zach
Located in Philadelphia, PA
The first example of this sculpture we have seen, this striking depiction of a male gladiator
Category
1910s German Beaux Arts Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 23 in W 10 in D 8 in
"Driving the Plow, " Large, Powerful Bronze Sculpture with Half-Nude Male Figure
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Large and rare, this bronze sculpture depicting a half-nude laborer in the field, straining to move
Category
1920s American Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 11 in W 17.5 in D 5.25 in
"Zusammenbruch" ( Breakdown ), Male Nude Bronze by Gerhard Schliepstein
By Gerhard Schliepstein
Located in Berlin, DE
Male nude, circa 1925. Bronze, dark patinated. Early original cast by Noah, Berlin. Signed on the
Category
Early 20th Century German Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 12.99 in W 15.75 in D 12.2 in
"St. George and the Dragon", Large Bronze Relief Sculpture with Male Nude
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Large and impressive, this bronze bas relief rondel depicts a nude St. George on his valiant horse
Category
1920s American Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Hans Muller (Austrian 1873-1937 ) A Horse and Nude Male Rider Bronze Sculpture
By Hans Muller
Located in London, GB
An Equestrian Bronze Statue of naked man on horse back. signed in cast H. Muller. (Hans Muller
Category
1880s Austrian Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 13 in W 11 in D 4 in
"Nude Triton", Larger, Rare Bronze of Nude Male Triton by Netzer, 1920s
By Hubert Netzer
Located in Philadelphia, PA
At once strong and sensuous, this large bronze of a fully nude triton figure, his right arm raised
Category
1920s German Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Prying Coal, " Art Deco Bronze Sculptural Panel with Nude Male Miners, 1925
By Anna von Koranyi
Located in Philadelphia, PA
This extraordinary bronze panel by Hungarian artist Anna von Koranyi, depicting a group of nude
Category
1920s Hungarian Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Nude Discus Thrower, Bronze Sculpture by Ludwig Eisenberger
By Ludwig Eisenberger
Located in Philadelphia, PA
A fine example of the early 20th century artist's fascination with the idealized male figure and
Category
Early 20th Century German Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Marble, Bronze
"Runner, " Large Rare Bronze of Nude Male Figure by Seifert, 1922
By Franz Seifert
Located in Philadelphia, PA
to the figure, which we now call Art Deco, this large and rare bronze depicts a nude male runner in
Category
1920s Austrian Beaux Arts Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Triumphant Man, " Spectacular Gilded Bronze Trophy Cup w/ Male Nude, Christofle
By Christofle
Located in Philadelphia, PA
nude male figure with his arms outstretched to the heavens. To our knowledge the cup is unique, and
Category
Early 1900s French Art Nouveau Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 33.5 in W 18.5 in D 15.5 in
"Discus Thrower, " Large, Extremely Rare Bronze with Nude Male Athlete, McKenzie
By R. Tait McKenzie 1
Located in Philadelphia, PA
, this masterpiece of 20th century sculpture -- especially large and rare -- depicts a nude discus
Category
1920s American Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 29 in W 20 in D 11 in
"David, " Large, Superb Bronze with Half-Nude Male Figure by Atkins
Located in Philadelphia, PA
One of the most finely sculpted and executed bronzes we have ever offered, this 22-inch sculpture
Category
1910s American Beaux Arts Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Nude Male Archer, " Bronze by Geyger, Original Purchased by Kaiser Wilhelm II
Located in Philadelphia, PA
bronze of a fully nude male archer was sculpted by Ernst Moritz Geyger in the 1890s and cast around 1900
Category
Early 1900s German Belle Époque Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 12.5 in W 9 in D 4 in
"L'Effort, " Large Art Deco Bronze with Nude Males in Common Cause
By Joseph Witterwulghe
Located in Philadelphia, PA
One of the most powerful depictions of the male nude we have ever offered, "L'Effort" was sculpted
Category
1920s Belgian Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Orpheus Charming the Animals, " Monumental Bronze Relief with Nude Male, 1910
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Beautifully sculpted, cast and patinated, this monumental bronze sculptural relief depicts a nude
Category
1910s German Belle Époque Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 21.5 in W 41 in D 1 in
"Clash of the Titans, " Mythological Bronze Rondel with Male Nudes, France
Located in Philadelphia, PA
in displaying his mastery of the male form. Whether raising his fist against the heavens, straining
Category
19th Century French Beaux Arts Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Classical Nude Male Sculpture of David by Lorenzo dal Torrione, Italy
Located in Miami, FL
Stunning vintage Italian carved sculpture or statue of David.
Well executed and wonderfully
Category
Early 20th Century Italian Neoclassical Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Limestone
"The Mourning of Orpheus, " Rare Gilded Bronze by Strindberg w/ Nude Male & Lyre
By Tore Strindberg
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Park, the Gothenburg Art Museum and the Malmö Museum. The bronze sculpture shows the sculptor's
Category
1920s Swedish Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 10.5 in W 5.5 in D 5.25 in
"Drunken Youth, " Male Nude Sculpture with Dark, Rich Glazes by Kai Nielsen
By Kai Nielsen
Located in Philadelphia, PA
This sensuous ceramic piece depicts a beautifully sculpted nude figure embracing an exaggerated
Category
1910s Danish Belle Époque Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Porcelain
19th Italian Century Grand Tour Bronze Sculpture of Nude Narcissus
Located in Stamford, CT
, a singular piece of sculpture from a compelling myth depicting the Greco-Roman archetype of male
Category
Late 19th Century Classical Roman Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"March on Rome, " Bronze with Male Nudes Marking the 1922 Fascist Rise to Power
Located in Philadelphia, PA
A remarkable example of Art Deco sculpture-cum-propaganda art, this bronze panel -- unique to our
Category
1920s Italian Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 15.25 in W 11.5 in D 0.75 in
Large Original French Art Deco Bronze of a Semi-Nude Male Athlete by Le Faguays
By Pierre Le Faguays
Located in New York City, NY
Pierre Le Faguays (1892-1962)
An Impressive and very large 43" high French Art Deco bronze figure
Category
Early 20th Century French Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 43 in W 8 in D 17 in
19th Century Bronze Sculpture "The Letter"
Located in Rochester, NY
Antique bronze sculpture of male nude reading a letter or proclamation. Marble base, 19th century
Category
Early 19th Century Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Marble, Bronze
"Spirit Rising, " Large Sculptural Relief Masterpiece with Male Nude by Pegram
By Henry Pegram
Located in Philadelphia, PA
sculptural bronze panel, featuring a nude male figure reaching out to constrain the rising spirit of his
Category
1920s British Belle Époque Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 36.5 in W 30 in D 4.5 in
"Philosophical Dispute, " Rare Nude Male Porcelain by Liebermann for Rosenthal
By Ferdinand Liebermann
Located in Philadelphia, PA
A marvelous combination of whimsy and sensuosity, Ferdinand Liebermann's depiction of a nude youth
Category
1910s German Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Porcelain
H 7.5 in W 15 in D 4.25 in
Large Fine Bronze Sculpture of Mercury and Original Marble Pedestal
Located in Rochester, NY
Fine Grand Tour bronze sculpture of mercury flying on the wind after Giambologna. Polished rouge
Category
Mid-19th Century Realist Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Marble, Bronze
H 91 in W 10 in D 16 in
Pair of Patinated Bronze Winged Figural Male Classical Greek Statues
Located in Vancouver, British Columbia
winged mostly nude but partly classically draped male figures that are surprisingly unsigned.
One of
Category
Mid-19th Century French Neoclassical Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Nondum, " Remarkable Art Deco Bronze Sculptural Panel with Multiple Nudes
By Anna Coleman Ladd
Located in Philadelphia, PA
thoughtful. The scene includes several nude male and female figures in a range of poses, including a
Category
1920s American Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 29 in W 39.25 in D 0.5 in
"Nude and Horsedrawn Chariot, " Rare Bronze Plaque by Barbedienne
By F. Barbedienne Foundry
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Beautifully modeled, cast and finished, this high-relief plaque of a nude male figure followed by a
Category
Early 20th Century French Greek Revival Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Lone Cliff in the Sea, " Remarkable Sculpture with Nudes by Edstrom, 1901
Located in Philadelphia, PA
was sculpted by David Edstrom, a Swedish American artist. Here, a nude male figure is perched on the
Category
Early 1900s Swedish Art Nouveau Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Young Goatherder Bronze Sculpture by Oscar Gladenbeck, circa 1900
Located in Rochester, NY
Friedrichshagen".
# nude male Grand Tour.
Category
Early 20th Century German Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Metal, Bronze
Victor Demanet Sculpture "the Archer" in Bronze, Signed 1925
By Victor Demanet
Located in Milano, IT
, featuring a nude male archer. Superior quality bronze with beautiful greenish bronze patina. SIGNED AND
Category
1920s French Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Large Fine Bronze Sculpture of Mercury and Original Marble Pedestal
Located in Rochester, NY
Fine Grand Tour bronze sculpture of mercury flying on the wind after Giambologna. Polished rouge
Category
19th Century European Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Marble, Bronze
"Sprites with Amphorae, " Rare Pair of Art Deco Bronze Candlesticks with Nudes
By Edward McCartan
Located in Philadelphia, PA
Entirely charming and whimsical, this Classic -- and rare -- pair of bronze candlesticks depict
Category
1920s American Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Bronze Runner Sculpture By H. Hans Muller (Austria, 1873-1937)
By Hans Muller
Located in Miami, FL
Hans Muller (Austria, 1873-1937) bronze sculpture of a nude male figure, depicted with his hands to
Category
1910s German Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Marble, Bronze
"Nude Orpheus with Owl and Parrot, " Rare Art Deco Bronze Rondel
Located in Philadelphia, PA
parrot. The nude male figure is beautifully captured, and the birds to either side are lovingly depicted
Category
1920s German Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Large Grand Tour Sculpture Bronze Greco-Roman Uffizi Wrestlers Barbedienne
By Ferdinand Barbedienne
Located in Rochester, NY
.
# nude male italy french italian statue Pompeii.
Category
19th Century Italian Grand Tour Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 18.5 in W 22.5 in D 14 in
Large Fine Bronze Sculpture of Mercury and Original Marble Pedestal
Located in Rochester, NY
Fine Grand Tour bronze sculpture of mercury flying on the wind after Giambologna. Polished rouge
Category
Mid-19th Century European Grand Tour Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Stone, Marble, Metal, Bronze
Large Grand Tour Sculpture Bronze Greco-Roman Uffizi Wrestlers Barbedienne
By F. Barbedienne Foundry
Located in Rochester, NY
.
# nude male figure greek roman classical Pompeii italy it...
Category
Mid-19th Century Grand Tour Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Metal, Bronze
H 18.5 in W 22.5 in D 14 in
Large French Bronze Sculpture of David and Goliath by Antonin Mercié
By Marius Jean Antonin Mercié
Located in Rochester, NY
in Paris on December 12, 1916.
# nude male figure
Category
19th Century Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Early 19th Century Italian School Bronze, The Borghese Gladiator, c. 1810
Located in Beachwood, OH
praised as an aesthetic model of the male nude in motion. It was endlessly copied, modeled and adapted by
Category
1810s Italian School Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 27 in W 18 in D 26 in
Masculine Jugendstil Muscular Nude Males Bronze Floor Lamp
Located in Hopewell, NJ
Beautiful and rare Art Nouveau Jugendstil floor lamp with 3 cast bronze Atlas style male nude
Category
1920s German Art Nouveau Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Loomis Athletic Medal" with Profile of Male Youth by Evelyn Longman, Art Deco
By Evelyn Beatrice Longman
Located in Philadelphia, PA
, Longman is best known for her "Genius of Electricity" sculpture, a monumental male nude, which stood atop
Category
1920s American Art Deco Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
"Placing the Sandal, " Bas Relief Masterpiece with Nudes by Levillain
By Ferdinand Levillain
Located in Philadelphia, PA
from a fine piece of walnut, depicts three nude male figures in a classical scene, one a figure in his
Category
1890s French Beaux Arts Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Wood
Small Classical Roman Cast Bronze Putto Statue
Located in Sheffield, MA
.
Search: classical Greek sculpture, classical Greek statue, Italian, French.
Male nude
Category
19th Century Italian Classical Roman Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Antique Monumental Grand Tour Bronze of Michelangelo David, 19th Century
Located in London, GB
This is an elegant monumental Grand Tour bronze sculpture of Michelangelo's David, circa 1880 in
Category
1880s Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
H 42.13 in W 16.15 in D 9.65 in
Bronze Roman Oil Lamp Mercury and Flying Cranes Grand Tour
Located in Rochester, NY
century grand tour.
# nude male pompeii
Category
19th Century Italian Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Bronze
Rare Italian Marble of a Nude Goddess Adelaide Pandiani Maraini
Located in West Palm Beach, FL
circa 1895, inscribed ADELAIDE MARAINI/ROMA, set upon a granite plinth with bronze title plaque
Category
1890s Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude
Materials
Marble
- 1
Get Updated with New Arrivals
Save "Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude", and we’ll notify you when there are new listings in this category.
Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude For Sale on 1stDibs
At 1stDibs, there are many versions of the ideal antique bronze sculpture male nude for your home. Frequently made of bronze, metal and stone, every antique bronze sculpture male nude was constructed with great care. You’ve searched high and low for the perfect antique bronze sculpture male nude — we have versions that date back to the 19th Century alongside those produced as recently as the 20th Century are available. An antique bronze sculpture male nude, designed in the Neoclassical, Art Deco or Art Nouveau style, is generally a popular piece of furniture. A well-made antique bronze sculpture male nude has long been a part of the offerings for many furniture designers and manufacturers, but those produced by Hugo Siegwart, Paul Leibküchler and Adolf Frick are consistently popular.
How Much is a Antique Bronze Sculpture Male Nude?
Prices for an antique bronze sculpture male nude start at $1,275 and top out at $38,000 with the average selling for $3,451.
Finding the Right sculptures for You
Styling your home with vintage, new and antique sculptures means adding a touch that can meaningfully transform the space. By introducing a sculptural work as a decorative finish to any interior, you’re making a statement, whether you tend toward the dramatic or prefer to keep things casual with modest, understated art.
A single, one-of-a-kind three-dimensional figurative sculpture mounted on your dining room wall is a guaranteed conversation piece, while a trio of abstract works arranged on your living room bookshelves can add spontaneity to the collection of first-edition novels or artist monographs you’re displaying as well as draw attention to them. Figurative sculptures are representational works that portray a specific person, animal or object. And while decorating with busts, which are sculpted or cast figurative works, hasn’t exactly topped the list of design trends every year, busts are back. According to designer Timothy Corrigan, “They give humanity in a way that a more abstract sculpture can’t give.” Abstract sculptures, on the other hand, are not meant to show something specific. Instead, they invoke a mood or scene without directly stating what they are portraying.
Busts made of stone or metal may not seem like a good fit for your existing decor. Fortunately, there are many ways for a seemingly incongruous piece to fit in with the rest of your room’s theme. You can embrace a dramatic piece by making it the focal point of the room, or you can choose to incorporate several elements made out of the same material to create harmony in your space. If an antique or more dramatic piece doesn’t feel like you, why not opt for works comprising plastic, fiberglass or other more modern materials?
When incorporating sculpture into the design of your home — be it the playful work of auction hero and multimedia visionary KAWS, contemporary fiber art from Connecticut dealer browngrotta arts or still-life sculpture on a budget — consider proper lighting, which can bring out the distinctive aspects of your piece that deserve attention. And make sure you know how the size and form of the sculpture will affect your space in whole. If you choose a sculpture with dramatic design elements, such as sharp angles or bright colors, for example, try to better integrate this new addition by echoing those elements in the rest of your room’s design.
Get started on decorating with sculpture now — find figurative sculptures, animal sculptures and more on 1stDibs today.
Read More
African Travel Plans on Hold? This Ardmore Leopard Vase Brings the Beauty of the Savanna to You
It’s an excellent example of the sought-after ceramics coming out of South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province.
With a High-Tech Flagship and Cool Collabs, Lladró Is Breaking the Mold for Porcelain Production
Thanks to its new leadership, the Spanish maker of figurines, busts and lighting is on a mission to update the art of porcelain for the 21st century.
Zoë Powell’s Magnolia 05 Vessel Is Handmade from Clay She Unearthed Herself
The free-form stoneware piece is inspired by the magnolia tree and its associations with home.
8 Ways to Breathe New Life into a Space with Plants
The pair behind the Instagram account @houseplantclub share their tips for making any room of the house gloriously green.
Paris Gallerist Sandy Toupenet Gets Fired Up over 20th-Century Ceramics and Inventive New Makers
Her space on the city’s Left Bank mixes mid-century pieces by the likes of Jean Cocteau and Pablo Picasso with whimsical contemporary creations.
These Soft Sculptures Are Childhood Imaginary Friends Come to Life
Miami artist and designer Gabriela Noelle’s fantastical creations appeal to the Peter Pan in all of us.
This Vivacious Teapot Has Agnes Martin on One Side and Jean-Michel Basquiat on the Other
Ceramist Roberto Lugo brings a street-art sensibility to a dainty serving vessel while paying homage to his artistic heroes.
This Rare Set of 100 Alessi Vases Includes Designs by Scores of International Artists
Alessandro Mendini, Michael Graves, Ettore Sottsass and other design luminaries contributed to this unusual collection of porcelain wares representing a time capsule of late-20th-century decorative art.